建筑学常见英语词汇

建筑学常用英文词汇

a.design basis 设计依据

计划建议书planning proposals [pr? 'p? ? z(? )l]

设计任务书design order

标准规范standards and codes

条件图information drawing

设计基础资料basic data for design

工艺流程图process flowchart

工程地质资料engineering geological data

原始资料original [? 'r? d? ? nl] data

设计进度schedule ['sk? d? ul] of design

b.stage of design 设计阶段

方案scheme [ski? m], draft

草图sketch

会谈纪要summary of discussion

谈判negotiation [n? ,ɡ o? ? 'e? ? n] 可行性研究feasibility [fi? z? 'b? l? t? ] study 初步设计preliminary [pr? 'l? m?

n(? )r? ] design

基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design

询价图enquiry [? n'kwa ? r? ] drawing

施工

图working drawing, construction drawing

竣工

图

as-built drawing

c.climate condition 气象条件

日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing [pr ?

've? l? ?] wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity [v? 'l? s? t? ] 风荷载wind load

最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane [h? r? ? ken] 台风typhoon [ta?

'fu? n] 旋风cyclone ['sa? klon] 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual ['? nju? l] rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb

temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature

冰冻期frost [fr? st] period

冰冻线frost line

冰冻区frost zone

室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature

采暖地区region with heating provision [pr? 'v? ? n] 不采暖

地区region without heating provision

绝对大气压absolute atmospheric [,? tm? s'f? r? k] pressure 相对湿度relative humidity

d.general room name 常用房间名称

办公室office

服务用房service room

换班室shift room

休息室rest room (break room)

起居室living room

浴室bathroom

淋浴间shower

更衣室locker room

厕所lavatory ['l? v? t(? )r? ]

门厅lobby ['l? b? ]

诊室clinic ['kl? n? k]

工作间workshop

电气开关室switchroom

走廊corridor ['k? r? d? ? ]

档案室archive ['ɑrka? v]

电梯机房lift motor room

车库garage ['g? rɑ? (d)? ]

清洁间cleaning room

洗衣房/干洗房laundry ['l? ? ndr? ] room

会议室(正式) conference ['k ɑ nf ? r? ns] room

会议室meeting room

衣柜间ward [w ? ? d] robe [r? ? b]

暖风间h.v.a.c room (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning)

饭店restaurant

餐厅canteen, dining room

厨房kitchen

入口entrance

接待处reception area

会计室accountant room

秘书室secretary ['sekr? t(? )r? ] room

电气室electrical room

控制室control room

工长室foreman ['f? ? m? n] office

开关柜室switch gear [g? ? ]

前室ante cabinet ['k? b? n? t] (ante.)

生产区production area 马达控制中心mcc (Motor Control Center) 多功能用房utility [ju? ? t? l? t? ] room 化验室laboratory ['l? br? 't? ri] room 经理室manager room 披屋(阁楼) penthouse 警

卫室guard [ ɡɑ rd] house

e.roofing and ceiling 屋面及天棚

女儿墙parapet ['p? r? p? t] 雨蓬canopy ['k? n? p? ] 屋脊roof ridge [r? d? ] 坡度slope 坡跨比pitch 分水线water-shed [? ed] 二毡三油 2 layers of felt [felt] & 3 coats of bitumastic [,bitju:'m ? stik] 沥青砂胶附加油毡一层extra ply [pla? ]厚度、板层of felt 檐口eave [i:v] 挑檐overhanging eave

檐沟eave gutter

平屋面flat roof

坡屋面pitched roof

雨水管downspout ['da? nspa? t], rain water pipe)(r.w.p) 汇水面积catchment area

泛水flashing

内排水interior drainage ['dre ? n? d? ]

外排水exterior [? k'st? r? ? ] drainage

滴水drip

屋面排水roof drainage

找平层leveling course [k? ? s]

卷材屋面built-up roofing

天棚ceiling

檩条purlin ['p? ? l? n]

屋面板roofing board

天花板ceiling board

防水层water-proof course

检查孔inspection [? n'spek? n] hole

人孔manhole

吊顶suspended [s? 'spendid] ceiling, false [f? ls] ceiling

檐板(窗帘盒) cornice ['k? ? n? s]

f.wall (cladding) 墙体(外墙板)

砖墙brick wall

砌块墙block wall

清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall 石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙hollow brick wall

承重墙bearing wall

非承重墙non-bearing wall

纵墙longitudinal wall

横墙transverse wall

外墙external (exterior) wall

内墙internal (interior) wall

填充墙filler wall

防火墙fire wall

窗间墙wall between window

空心墙cavity wall

压顶coping

圈梁gird, girt, girth

玻璃隔断glazed wall

防潮层damp-proof course (d.p.c)

遮阳板sunshade

阳台balcony

伸缩缝expansion joint

沉降缝settlement joint

抗震缝seismic joint

复合夹心板sandwich board 压型单板corrugated single steel plate 外墙板cladding panel

复合板composite panel 轻质隔断light-weight partition 牛腿bracket

砖烟囱brick chimney

勒脚（基座） plinth

g.floor and trench 地面及地沟

地坪grade

地面和楼面ground and floor 素土夯实rammed earth 炉渣夯实tamped cinder 填土filled earth 回填土夯实tamped backfill 垫层bedding course, blinding

面层covering, finish 结合层bonding (binding) course 找平层leveling course 素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course 混凝土地面concrete floor 水泥地面cement floor 机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面mosaic flooring 瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring 油地毡地面linoleum flooring 预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅joist

硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring 企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面acid-resistant floor 钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (r.c slab) 乙烯基地面vinyl flooring 水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope

集水沟gully

集水

口gulley

排水

沟drainage trench

沟盖

板

trench cover

活动盖板removable cover plate

集水坑sump pit

孔翻

边hole up stand

电缆

沟

cable trench

h.doors,glass,windows & ironmongery(hardware) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件木( 钢)门wooden (steel) door

镶板门panelled door

夹板门plywood door

铝合金门aluminum alloy door

卷帘门roller shutter door

弹簧

门swing door

推拉

门sliding door 平开

门side-hung door 折叠

门folding door 旋转

门revolving door

玻璃门glazed door

密闭门air-tight door

保温门thermal insulating door

镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door 防火门fire door

（大门上的）小门wicket

门框door frame

门扇door leaf

门洞door opening

结构开洞structural opening

单扇门single door

双扇门double door

疏散门emergency door

纱门screen door

门槛door sill

门过梁door lintel

上冒头top rail

下冒头bottom rail

门边木stile

门樘侧料side jumb

槽口notch

木窗wooden window

钢窗steel window

铝合金窗aluminum alloy window

百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑

钢窗plastic steel window 空腹钢窗hollow steel window 固定窗fixed window 平开窗side-hung window 推拉窗sliding window 气窗transom

上悬窗top-hung window 中悬窗center-pivoted window 下悬窗hopper window 活动百叶窗adjustable louver 天窗skylight 老虎窗dormer window 密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel 钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick

lintel 窗扇casement sash 窗台window sill 窗台板window board

窗中梃mullion 窗横木mutin

窗边木stile

压缝条cover mould 窗帘盒curtain box 合页(铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴pivot 长脚铰链parliament hinge 闭门器door closer 地弹簧floor closer 插销bolt 门锁door lock 拉手pull 链条chain 门钩door hanger 碰球ball latch 窗钩window catch 暗插销insert bolt 电动开关器electric opener 平板玻璃plate glass 夹丝玻璃wire glass 透明玻璃clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass

石英玻璃quartz glass 吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃polished glass 着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile 玻璃砖glass block

有机玻璃organic glass

i.staircase, landing & lift (elevator) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯

楼梯stair

楼梯间staircase

疏散梯emergency stair

旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)

吊车梯crane ladder

直爬梯vertical ladder

踏步step

扇形踏步winder (wheel step)

踏步板tread

档步板riser

踏步宽度tread width

防滑条non-slip insert (strips)

栏杆railing (balustrade)

平台栏杆platform railing 吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole 扶手handrail

梯段高度height of flight

防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage) 平台landing (platform) 操作平台operating platform

装卸平台platform for loading & unloading

楼梯平台stair landing

客梯passenger lift

货梯goods lift

客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift

液压电梯hydraulic lift

自动扶梯escalator

观光电梯observation elevator

电梯机房lift mortar room 电梯坑lift pit 电梯井道lift shaft

j.building material words and phrases 建筑材料词汇及短语bricks and tiles 砖和瓦

红砖red brick

粘土砖clay brick

瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)

防火砖fire brick

空心砖hollow brick

面砖facing brick

地板砖flooring tile

缸砖clinkery brick

马赛克mosaic

陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete

琉璃瓦glazed tile

脊瓦ridge tile

石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)

波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet lime, sand and stone 灰、砂和石

石膏gypsum

大理石marble

汉白玉white marble

花岗岩granite

碎石crushed stone

毛石rubble

蛭石vermiculite

珍珠岩pearlite 水磨石terrazzo 卵石cobble 砾石gravel 粗砂course sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sand cement, mortar and concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥（普通硅酸盐水泥）portland cement 硅酸盐水泥silicate cement 火山灰水泥pozzolana cement 白水泥white cement 水泥砂浆cement mortar 石灰砂浆

lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆（混合砂浆） cement-lime mortar 保

温砂浆thermal mortar 防水砂浆water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆

acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆bituminous mortar 纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar

麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar

灰缝mortar joint 素混凝土plain concrete 钢筋混凝土

reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土lightweight concrete 细石混凝土

fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土cinder concrete facing and plastering materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster 斩假石artificial stone 刷浆lime wash 可赛银casein 大白浆

white wash 麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash 分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰lath and plaster asphalt(bitumen) and asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt 沥青填料asphalt filler

沥青胶泥asphalt grout

冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum 石棉板asbestos sheet

石棉纤维asbestos fiber timber 木材

裂缝c rack

透裂

split

环裂

shake

干缩

shrinkage

翘曲

warping

原木

log

圆木

round timber

方木

square timber

板材

plank

木条

batten

板条

lath

木板

board

红松

red pine

白松w hite pine

落叶松deciduous pine

云杉spruce

柏木cypress

白杨white poplar

桦木birch

冷杉fir

栎木oak

榴木willow

榆木elm

杉木cedar

柚木teak

樟木camphor wood

防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood

三(五)合板3(5)-plywood

企口板tongued and grooved board

层夹板laminated plank

胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber

纤维板fiber-board

竹子bamboo

metallic materials 金属材料

黑色金属ferrous metal

圆钢steelbbar

方钢square steel

扁钢steel strap,flat steel 型钢steel section (shape) 槽钢channel 角钢angle steel 等边角钢equal-leg angle 不等边角钢unequal-leg angle 工字钢i-beam 宽翼缘工字钢wide flange i-beam 丁( 之)字钢t-bar (z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled 冷轧cold-rolled 冷拉cold-drawn 冷压cold-pressed 合金钢alloy steel 钛合金titanium

alloy 不锈钢stainless steel 竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋deformed bar 光圆钢筋plain round bar 钢板steel plate

薄钢板thin steel plate 低碳钢low carbon steel 冷弯cold bending 钢管steel pipe (tube) 无缝钢管seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 黑铁管iron pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe 铸铁cast iron 生铁pig iron 熟铁wrought iron 镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire 钢丝网steel wire mesh 多孔金属网expanded metal 锰钢managanese steel 高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel non-ferrous metal

有色金属金gold 白金platinum 铜copper 黄铜brass

青铜bronze

银silver

铝aluminum

铅lead anti-corrosion materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene 尼龙nylon

聚氯乙烯pvc (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin 乙烯基酯vinyl ester 橡胶内衬rubber lining 氯丁橡胶neoprene 沥青漆bitumen paint 环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer 防锈漆anti-rust paint 耐酸漆acid-resistant paint 耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint 水玻璃sodium silicate 树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar

环氧树脂epoxy resin

building hardware 建筑五金

钉子nails

螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝screws

平头螺丝flat-head screw

螺栓bolt

普通螺栓commercial bolt

高强螺栓high strength bolt

预埋螺栓insert bolt

胀锚螺栓cinch bolt

垫片washer

paint 油漆

底漆primer

防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer

防腐漆anti-corrosion paint

调和漆mixed paint

无光漆flat paint

透明漆varnish

银粉漆aluminum paint

磁漆enamel paint

干性油drying oil

稀释剂thinner

焦油tar

沥青漆asphalt paint

桐油tung oil, chinese wood oil

红丹red lead

铅油lead oil

腻子putty

k. other architectural terms 其它建筑术语

discipline 专业

建筑architecture

土木civil

给排水water supply and drainage

总图plot plan

采暖通风h.v.a.c (heating 、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应electric power supply

电气照明electric lighting

电讯telecommunication

仪表instrument

热力供应heat power supply

动力mechanical power

工艺process technology

管道piping

conventional terms 一般通用名词

建筑原理architectonics

建筑形

式architectural style 民用建

筑civil architecture 城市建

筑urban architecture 农村建

筑rural architecture 农业建

筑farm building

工业建

筑industrial building