新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编含答案(1)

新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编含答案(1)
新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编含答案(1)

一、选择题

1.-Hey, Molly, You______ on the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number.

-Oh? I was in the library.

A.wanted B.are wanted C.were wanted D.have wanted 2.The Wandering Earth wins high praise from the public. I think the movie is well worth _____. A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watched 3.—Please look at the sign on the right!

—Oh, smoking ________ here.

A.isn’t allowed B.doesn’t allow C.didn’t allow D.wasn’t allowed 4.Han Han’s books are popular. They ___________ by many t eenagers now .

A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read 5.This special pen _________ for writing large size words.

A.use B.uses C.is using D.is uesd 6.—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang?

— You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A.is held B.was held C.will be held

7.I won't leave my office until my work___________.

A.finishes B.will finish C.is finished D.finishing 8.More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A.are planted B.were planted

C.will be planted D.have been planted

9.Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________ in a short time.

A.can learn B.need learn C.can be learned D.need be learned 10.Fenghua teaching building _______ 17 years ago.

A.built B.is built C.builds D.was built 11.— Do you know the young man was charged murdering his boss?

—But I don't think he is guilty that crime.

A.for; of B.with; of C.of; with D.with; for

12.-Can he get the first prize for running?

-Impossible now. He _______ so, but he has just hurt his leg.

A.would expect to do B.was expected to do

C.has expected doing D.is expected doing

13.It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars.

A.used for B.will be used up C.used up D.will be used for 14.—Do you think the old machine is ____________, grandma?

—Yes, it is _________for carrying water.

A.use; using B.useful; used C.use; used D.useful; use 15.In the future, more and more high-speed railways ________ in China.

A.are built B.will build C.were built D.will be built 16.We hope that more trees________in our city next year.

A.plant B.were planted

C.planted D.will be planted

17.—When can we go to watch the football match?

—Not until the work________tomorrow.

A.will be done B.has done C.is done D.does

18.—I’m afraid I can’t finish the job in such a short time.

—Don’t worry. Can you do it if you_______ two more hours.?

A.give B.are given C.will give D.will be given 19.Many shops in China _________ to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.

A.ordered B.didn't order C.were ordered D.weren't ordered 20.If a driver _________ to park in the wrong place, he’ll get a fine.

A.finds B.is found C.has found

21.Both Lily and Lucy ______________to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all. A.agreed B.sent C.were called D.were invented 22.The strawberries_________on the farm last year.

A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted 23.—__________Chinese widely__________in non-Chinese speaking countries?

—Yes. More and more people are learning to speak Chinese.

A.Is; used B.Does; use C.Has; used

24.一When ___________ the telephone___________?

一I think it was in 1971.

A.had; invented B.was; inviting C.was; invented

25.You can go out if all your homework________.

A.done B.is done C.was done D.will be done 26.A year has four seasons and it ______ twelve months.

A.divides in to B.divided into

C.is divided into D.is dividing into

27.As we all know, the Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1937, and ________ for eight years. A.was broken out; lasted B.broke into;lasted

C.broke out; was lasted D.broke out;lasted

28.Young trees ________ every year to keep the sand away from the city and make the environment better and better.

A.were planted B.have planted C.will plant D.are planted

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.C

解析:C

【解析】

考查动词的时态和语态的用法。you是want的动作承受者,它做主语,应使用被动语态。根据just now和过去式weren’t,left,was确定使用一般过去时。

2.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:《流浪地球》赢得了公众的高度赞扬。我认为这部电影很值得一看。

考查非谓语动词。watch观看,原形; to watch观看,动词不定式;watching观看,现在分词;watched观看,过去式。短语be worth doing值得做某事。根据题意,故选C。3.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——请看右边的标志!——哦,吸烟在这儿是不被允许的。

考查一般现在时态被动语态。isn’t allowed被允许,一般现在时态的被动语态;doesn’t allow不允许,一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数;didn’t allow不允许, wa sn’t allowed 不被允许,一般过去时态的被动语态。这里是说吸烟是不被允许的,这里用一般现在时态的被动语态。根据题意,故选A。

4.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:韩寒的书很受欢迎。它们现在被很多青少年读。

考查被动语态的时态。根据主语they是动词read的承受者,可知构成被动语态be done;根据主语they为复数,可知be动词用are/were;根据时间状语now,可知用一般现在时,故选C。

5.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:这种特殊的笔是用来写大字的。

考查被动语态。use使用;原形;uses使用,第三人称单数;is using正在使用,现在进行时; is uesd被使用,一般现在时态被动语态。主语是This special pen可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,短语be used for…被用来做……。根据题意,故选D。

6.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——郑媛,你为什么去潍坊度假?——你知道我是一个风筝迷。每年的四月份国际风筝节在那举行。

考查动词时态。A. is held一般现在时的被动语态;B. was held一般过去时的被动语态;C. will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子的时间状语in April every year可知,句子应为一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。

7.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我直到完成工作才会离开办公室。

本题考查时态和语态。finishes是一般现在时,will finish是一般将来时,is finished是一般现在时的被动形式;finishing是现在分词或动名词。until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时,主语my work与谓语finish之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故选C。

8.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:在即将到来的寒假里,更多的树木将会被种植在我们城市的道路两旁。

考查一般将来时的被动语态。are planted被种植;were planted被种植;will be planted将被种植;have been planted被种植了。根据句中“this coming winter holidays”可以,此处种植树木是将来要发生的事情,所以此处时态为一般将来时;另外tree与plant之间是逻辑上的被动关系,此处使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done,结合选项可知C项正确。故选C。

9.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:多亏了因特网,不同种类的信息可以在很短的时间内被学习到。

考查情态动词及被动语态的用法。本句主语中心词是information,空白处需要填写本句的谓语动词,且四个选项中都是动词learn,和主语的关系是被动关系,故动词被动语态结构,排除A和B。can能够;need需要。根据句意可知,原句表示能够能够学习,表示能力,可以用can。故选C。

10.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:风华教学楼是17年以前建造的。

考查被动语态。built建造,过去式;is built被建造,一般现在时的被动语态;builds第三人称单数形式;was built一般过去时的被动语态。主语是building与build之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态。根据时间状语17 years ago可知,时态是一般过去时,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。

11.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你知道那个年轻男人被指控谋杀他的老板吗?——但我认为他没有犯那个罪。考查形容词短语。be charged with被控告;be charged for被要求付费;be guilty of犯……罪;be guilty for对……感到内疚。根据murdering his boss可知,“谋杀老板”是犯罪,应该是被控告这项罪名,第一空用with;根据But I don't think可知,答句应该是说认为他没有犯罪,第二空用of。故选B。

12.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析:句意:他能获得跑赛第一名吗?现在不可能了。他被期望如此,但是他腿受伤了。他的腿受伤之前被期盼得第一名,因此要用一般过去时。故选B。

13.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:据说石油将在不到100年就用完了。所以我们应该努力多走路,而不是开车。

本题考查动词短语和时态语态。used for用于,是一般过去时;will be used up将被用完,是一般将来时的被动语态;used up用完,是一般过去时;will be used for将被用于,是一般将来时的被动语态。根据in less than 100 years可知,此处用一般将来时,结合句意,我们要多走路,而不是开车,表示石油会被用完的,故选B。

14.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:—你认为这个旧机器有用吗,奶奶?—是的,它被用于取水。

using是动名词;use是动词原形;used是过去分词,构成被动语态;useful有用的,是形容词作表语,所以第一空用useful;短语be used for被用于做某事,第二空用used。故选B。

15.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:未来,中国将修建越来越多的高铁。

考查时态与语态,A. are built一般现在时的被动语态;B. will build 一般将来时;C. were built一般过去时的被动语态;D. will be built一般将来时的被动语态。根据“In the future”可知用将来时,排除AC。这里的主语“high-speed railways”与谓语“build”直接的关系是被动关系,关系D。

16.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我们希望明年我们的城市能种更多的树。

考查动词的时态和语态。主语more trees和动词plant是被动关系。根据时间状语“next year”可知我们希望明年我们的城市能种更多的树,讲述的将来的动作,是要用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为will be done。故选D。

【点睛】

句子的谓语动词不仅要考虑时态,也要考虑语态。根据时间状语可以判断出时间是现在、过去或是将来;根据主语与谓语动词的关系可以判断出是主动还是被动。此句“next year”是一般将来时的标志,树与种植是被动关系,综合起来是一般将来时的被动语态,所以答案为will be done。

17.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我们什么时候可以去看足球赛?——直到明天工作完成。

考查被动语态和时态。will be done将被做,一般将来时的被动语态;has done已经做,现在完成时;is done被做,一般现在时的被动语态;does做,一般现在时;根据句意理解可知,主语the work与动词do是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处用被动语态,所以排除B/ D选项;而until引导的是时间状语从句,这里要用到主将从现的用法,即从句用一般现在时表示将来,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。

18.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我担心我不能在这么短的时间里完成工作。——不要担心,如果再多两个小时,你做得到吗?

考查if引导的条件状语从句。give给,原形;are given被给,被动语态;will give将会给,将来时;will be given将会被给。在if引导的状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时;主语you是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态。故选B。

19.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:当一项新的反对象牙贸易的法律从2018年1月1日生效起,中国的许多商店被关闭。

ordered 命令,过去式;didn’t order 没有命令;were ordered 一般过去时被动语态;weren’t ordered 是否定形式。本题中,语境意为“被要求”,故用被动语态;而as引导的时间状语为过去时,故主句的被动语态也要求用过去时。故选C。

20.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:如果司机被发现在错误的地方停车,他会被罚款。本题主要考查一般现在时被动语态。结合句意可知,司机是被发现,故应使用被动语态,is found符合题意。故答案选B。21.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:Lily和Lucy昨天都被叫去参加派对,但是她们根本就没来。

考查被动语态。A. agreed同意;sent发送;were called被叫;were invented被发明。根据句意Lily和Lucy被叫去参加派对了,被动语态,结构:be动词+动词过去分词,因为时间是昨天,所以be动词要用were。故选C。

22.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:草莓是去年在农场种的。

考查一般过去时态被动语态。plant种植,原形;planted种植,过去式;. are planted被种植,一般现在时态被动语态;were planted被种植,一般过去式的被动语态。主语是the strawberries可知,用被动语态,排除AB;根据时间状语last year可知用一般过去式时态的被动语态,其结构是were done的形式。根据题意,故选D。

23.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——中文在非华语国家广泛使用吗?——是的。越来越多的人正在学习说汉语。

本题考查时态和语态。Is;used是一般现在时的被动形式;does;use是一般现在时的主动形式;has used是现在完成时的主动形式。根据句意,主语Chinese与谓语use之间是被动关系,因此用被动形式。故选A。

24.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——电话是什么时候被发明的?——我想是在1971年。

考查一般过去时的被动语态。had invented发明了;was inviting正在发明;was invented被发明。根据第二句中1971可知,此处时态是一般过去时;telephone与invent之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以应使用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选C。

25.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:如果你所有作业都做完了就可以出去。

考查时态和语态。done动词过去分词;is done被动语态的一般现在时;was done被动语态的一般过去时;will be done被动语态的一般将来时。根据主语homework是动词do的承受者,构成被动关系,应该用被动语态be done;根据if引导条件状语从句遵循“主情从现”的原则,可知此处用一般现在时,故选B。

【点睛】

if引导真实条件句时遵循的时态(用法)原则包括:主将从现,主情从现,主祈从现。即从句用一般现在时,主句可用一般将来时/情态动词/祈使句。

26.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:一年有四个季节,它被分成十二个月。

考查动词短语和被动语态。divide(使)分开,divide into把……分成;本句时态为一般现在时,主语为it,指代前句中的a year,与谓语动词divide的关系为被动关系,故用被动语

态,一般现在时的被动语态结构为主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他,故选C。

27.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:众所周知,抗日战争在1937年爆发,持续了八年时间。

考查动词短语辨析和被动语态。break out爆发,不及物动词词组,无被动,故A错误;break into强行闯入,及物动词词组,后面必须跟宾语。根据句意,是爆发战争,故B错误。last持续,不及物动词,无被动,故C错误。故选D。

【点睛】

有几种动词和动词词组是没有被动的:1.不及物动词和不及物动词词组;2.系动词;3.表示事物属性的动词。例如本题,break out为不及物动词词组,last为不及物动词,所以都没有被动。

28.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:每年都要种上小树,使城市远离沙尘,使环境越来越好。

本题考查被动语态。Plant意为“种植”。根据本句的时间状语every year每年可知,本句应该用一般现在时态,又因主语Young trees和plant之间是动宾关系,所以应该用被动语态,故选D。

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如: He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

初中英语语法:被动语态

初中英语语法:被动语态 概念:英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成; 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化; 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not;而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗? 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时,常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤:当主动语态变为被动语态时,通常要经过四步: 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词时,应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”),若主语是人称代词时,应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意:1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动结构变为被动结构时,可将其中一个宾语变 为主语,另一个不变;如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中,使役动词如make,let,have或感官动词如hear,watch,see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

被动语态知识点讲解(更全面,思路清晰)

被动语态 一、主动语态与被动语态的概念: 语态 ---- 说明主语和谓语之间的关系 英语动词的语态有两种:⑴主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行 者情况下使用) 例:They speak English. (主动语态) 主谓宾 English is spoken by them. (被动语态) 主语谓语介词短语 注:☆及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例:⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主谓宾 →The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主语谓语介词短语 ⑵We laughed at him . →He was laughed at by us. 二、被动语态的结构与应用情况: ㈠基本结构: 肯定句式:be +done (及物动词的过去分词) + 相应的介词或副词 否定句式:be +not +done 疑问句式:be动词(情态动词)放句首 被动语态中的be为助动词,无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。 注:☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后面的过去分词不变。 Eg: 1、The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

2、The song isn’t liked by young people (否定句) 3、Is the song liked by young people (一般疑问句) 4、Who is the song liked by =By whom is the song liked (特殊疑问句) ㈡各种时态的构成(动词以do为例): 时态动词的被动形式例句 一般现在时am/is /are done He is asked to do this. 一般过去时was/were done The story was told by her mother. 一般将来时will /shall be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. Is/are going to 过去将来时should/would be done He said the trees would be planted soon. Was/were are going to 现在进行时am/is/are being done The novel is being written. 过去进行时was/were being done At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时has/have been done The house has been built. 过去完成时had been done They said that their work had been finished. 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today. 其它几种特殊句型:It is said that ……..It is well known that …….It is reported that…… 例:①History is made by the people. (一般现在时) ②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时) ③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④The room must be kept clean. (含有情态动词的被动语态) ⑤The door is being opened. (现在进行时) ⑥The film has been seen by me. (现在完成时) 注:☆不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 (三)应用情况 行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。

初中英语语法基础知识汇总形容词

初中英语语法基础知识汇总 形容词adj. 形容词的定义和用法: 定义:形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语,补语。 She is a good student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry, I'm busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 形容词在句中的位置: 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

最全初中英语语法之被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明: 2、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化: 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句) 三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示: 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语: 注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如: Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. (2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意: They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四.被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.

初中英语语法知识—被动语态的知识点总复习有答案

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