英美国家概况UnitBritishEducationSystem英国的教育体制
Unit 7 British Education System (英国的教育体制)
一、本单元重点内容
1. The purpose of the British education system (英国教育体制的目的)
2. The relationship between education and social class (教育与社会等级之间的关系)
3. The influence of the church on schooling (教会对于学校教育的影响)
4. The 1944 Education Act (1944年的教育法)
5. Comprehensive school {<英>(招收学生时不分资质的)综合中学}
6. Grammar school (文法学校)
7. The National Curriculum (全国教学大纲)
8. public school {(英国的) 私立中学}
9. GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education (中学毕业证书)
10. GCE-A General Certificate of Education ---Advanced (高级水平测试结业证书)
11. GNVQs General National Vocational Qualifications (国家专业资格证书)
12. Old Universities (古老的大学)
13. Open University (开放大学)
二、本单元重、难点辅导
1. the purpose of the British education system
“The three R’s” (“reading, ’riting and ’rithmetic”) — to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to
become active members of society and also to socialise children, teaching them rules and values needed to become good citizens, to participate in the community, an to contribute to the economic
prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
教授学生3R课程(即读、写、算)，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能，同时使学生社会化，教授他们一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为一个发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。
2. the relationship between education and social class
1) class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy（教育政策可以铲除地位的不平等，也可以使这种不平等继续存在。这说明在英国，是否受到良好教育直接影响到你的社会地位）
2) the school tie is a clear marker of social class
校服的领带是社会阶级的一个明显标志
3) the famous boys’ public school (私立中学)：Eton (伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西) and Winchester （温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）
4) the “right” universities: Oxford(牛津) and Cambridge(剑桥) (nicknamed: Oxbridge)
3. the influence of the church on schooling
Historically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches. The influence of the Church on schooling is still strong: religious education was the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils. Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life. Changes: Christianity is no longer the only religion officially recognized. Some state- funded schools have Islamic religion as their creed.
*In 1989, the government introduced a National Curriculum(全国教学大纲). It has reintroduced competition between schools.
4. The 1944 Education Act
The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. Children would be admitted to schools not because they were of certain social class or because their parents possessed a
certain amount of money, but because of the abilities they displayed.
All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education. 1944年教育法的颁布使中学和大学都录取才智和能力出众的学生。二次世界大战期间，英国进行了教育改革，1944年颁布了教育法。新的教育法强调
平等就学的机会，无论家庭出身如何，父母财富多少，只要有真才实学就可以上中学和大学。所有的孩子都可以免费接受中学教育，主要是为了让更多的孩子有机会接受良好的教育。
5. the present education system
*state schools & private/independent schools(in UK, called public schools公学，指私立中学) Independent schools: are commonly called public schools which receive their funding through the private .sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of national education system, but the quality of
instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspec tors of Schools (学校检查员). These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.独立学校经常被称之为“公学”,通过私营部门、学费和一些政府援助筹集资金。独立学校不是国民教育体系的一部分，但其教学质量和标准要靠视学员的巡视得以维持。只有哪些有钱人家的孩子才上得起独立学校。
1). pre-primary schooling (up to age 5)
nursery schools (托儿所)，day care(托儿所的日托), or play groups
*from ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland ) to 16, education is compulsory
2). primary schooling (5-11, 6 years) ---mainly state sector, co-educational / mixed primary schools
3). secondary schooling (11-- around19, 7 years)
① comprehensive schools (①90%; ②admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education, teaching students everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking)
综合性中学是当今英国最普遍的中学。这样的中学在招收学生时不考虑学生的学习能力，提供普通教育，向学生传授学术课程（如文学）到实用课程（如烹饪）等广泛的知识。
② grammar schools ( a). select children at the age 11 through an examination called “the 11-plus”, in which those who get the highest marks go to grammar schools; b). lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensives and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities; c). the grammar school/non-grammar school division is still common in Northern Ireland, but throughout the rest of Great Britain grammar school are becoming increasingly rare)
文法学校是英国的一种中学。文法学校通过“11-plus”考试来选拔学生。一般是11岁的孩子参加这个考试，得到最高分数的那些孩子可以进入文法学校。这些学
校把重点放在高级学术课程上，而不是综合性中学提供的那些普通课程，这些学校希望他们的学生能够尽可能多地考上大学。在北爱，文法学校与非文法学校之间的区别还很明显，但在英国其它地方，文法学校越来越少。
* after 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, except Scottish students, the students sit their GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书考试
then they can:
① quit school;
② or prepare to sit university entrance exams;
Those who hope to attend university carry on their academic study in the 6th form for a further 2 years and then sit A-levels exams (General Certificate of Education-Advanced 高级水平测试结业证书)
③ or concentrate on vocational training
GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications 国家专业资格证书): the vocational equivalent
of A-levels
4). higher education
① only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham
② oldest universities:
England— Oxford (12th C.) and Cambridge (13th C.)
Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen (阿伯丁) from 14th and 15th centuries
③ polytechnics (多科性理工学院)
④ Open University
The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and
soc ial reasons. It’s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, video and a network of study centers. At the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree.英国开放大学成立于20世纪60年代，主要针对那些因为经济和社会原因而没有机会接受高等教育的人。它向每个人开放，不像其它大学那样要求有正规的学历。该大学的课程主要通过电视、广播、函授、录像和学习中心网等手段来完成。在学习结束时，学习优异的学生会被授予大学学位。
注意：* the first degree (the Bachelor’s degree) courses are mainly
full time and last 3 years, except in Scotland where they take 4 years
* in Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years (generally 4 years) later, upon payment of a fee
英美概况英国版感想-研究生英美概况课程作业之一
My feelings for the class of survey of Britain In terms of this class, I have gained a general understanding of the British society from the exploration into every corner , which is ranging from rel- igion, education, architecture, holidays and so on. This broadens my visi- on to a much larger extent. Generally speaking, they can be summarized as follows: First of all, a preliminary social scene has been shown to us during the class. The UK is a great nation all around the world and people speaking native English must have something different from us Chinese. Classmat- es from different majors have shown me the Britain society from their own view, which I think is very interesting. For example , someone gave his lecture by the way of listing lots of pictures. The moment was watc- hing the pictures I got a lot of information, besides , it seems not very boring. Secondly, it is《The Rise of Great Powers》.This is the twice I have wat- ched this documentary. While, I regard it as a reflection of the history of the Britain . It is also a showcase of the Empire of the Sun and a brainst- orm to me. Someone maybe whisperd, we China also does have a history as brilliant as Britain. However, from a foreigner’s view , it is fresh enoug- h and exciting enough.Perhaps, we may get lots of lessons from Britain. Finally, the teaching form is novel and lively. During my showtime, I am the reporter of the class. People sitting in the classroom are all listeners
英国部分英美概况汇总题库
The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets
英语国家概况—英国
Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066) Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381) Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688) Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990) Chapter 6 The Economy Chapter 7 Government and Administration Chapter 8 Justice the Law Chapter 9 Social Affairs Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs Chapter 1 Land, People and Language ?1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. ?People England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in England’s prosperous and fertile southeast, with over 7 million in the capital. The majority of the population are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.These people settled in England and drove the native Celtic people to the mountainous areas of Wales and Scotland. Their language became the official language of the country. Most people in W ales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people who were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. The Irish people were also of Celtic origin. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and a quarter of the world’s land area. ?Geographical Features There are 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-W est slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. There are 3 natural zones of Scotland: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.
英美国家概况总结
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府 威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府 北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府 伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。 The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。 议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。 玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。 亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。 文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。 英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。 王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。 光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。 辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories） 两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party
英美概况美国部分整理
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
英美概况(英国篇5大英帝国的兴衰_)
英美概况（英国篇5:大英帝国的兴衰 ) I. Whigs and Tories 辉格党人和托利党人 These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688). 这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。 The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party. 辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。辉格党人在 19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。 The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. 托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。托利党是保守党的前身。 I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century 18世纪末的农业革命 During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "open-field" system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results: 18世纪末、19世纪初的农业革命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的"开放田地"制结束。圈地运动持续了将近一个多世纪。农业圈地运动的利弊共存： （1） Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; 由于大农场兼并了小农场，农场成为越来越在的生产单位； （2） More vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; 人们消费的蔬菜，牛奶及奶制品越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富； （3） Enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns. Enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; 圈地对佃家而言是场灾难，他们被赶出土地，被迫到城镇找工作。圈地运动导致了大规模的移民，尤其是移民至新大陆。 （4） A new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. 农村关系中产生了新的阶级对立。 II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830) 工业革命（1780-1830） 1．The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
英美概况考试试题集
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
英美国家概况之英国
填空题 Chapter 1 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts. 4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable. Chapter 2 1.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, when
英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)
英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
《英美概况》课后练习
期末考试 一、单项选择题 1. The UK is bordered on the _____ by the English Channel. A. east B. west C. north D. south 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK), 2. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called _____. A. the Straits of Dover B. Chunnel C. Strait of Gibraltar D. Marroqui 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK),
3. The UK has a _____ climate. A. arid climates B. semi-humid C. continental D. maritime 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK has a maritime climate.参见教材P88。本题知识点：Climate(UK), 4. The UK is an island country which lies between latitude _____ north. A. 50° to 60° B. 30° to 40° C. 40° to 50° D. 60° to 70° 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The UK is an island country which lies between latitude 50° to 60° north.参见教材P88。 本题知识点：Climate(UK), 5. The UK has a _____ throughout the whole year.
TestforUK英美国家概况英国部分测试题.docx
1.Off the coast of mainland Western Europe lie two islands called the British Isles of which the big one is the island of ___ , or ___ , and the small one is the island of __ . 2.Britainis divided into three par ts: ___ . and . 3.LondonGMT is s hort for, which i s the time o n the line o f __ (deg r ee) longitu de, which pa sses through ____ , a d istrict of s outheast, u sed as a bas is for calcu lati ng time throughout t he world in d iff ere nt ti me zon es. 4.United KingdomThe national fl ag of thei s also calle d ____ or __ . 5.Englandwas once conquer ed by , ____ z and . 6.EnglandOf the fou r nations,feel mo st British,is the most confid ent of its o wn identity’and__ i s most clos ely related to. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html,Monetary unit of is __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html, , __ , and are majo r industries in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html, __ , ___ , and __ a re major tr ading partne rs of. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html,is k nown as"； due to its decline s in economy . 11.National Ho liday of UK is ___ ? 12.and weakened the European monarchies,and introdu ced the age of con stitut ional mon arc hy, a mon arc hy with powe rs limited b y Parliame nt ? 13?UKThree major national pa rties of ar e ___ , and . 14. Depe nding on the rela tive st re ngt hs of the pa rties in the House of Co mmons, the 0 pposition ma y try to ove rthrow the G overnment by defeating i t on a vote. 25.The Prime Minis ter's offici al reside nee is ______ ,which is the symbol of t he British G overnment. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html,In , Ministers are appoint ed by the Qu een on the r ecommendatio n of __ ? 17.EnglandAs the langu age of, Eng lish is a la nguage belon ging to the branchofthe family. 18.S tandard Engl ish is vario usly known a s ___ …__ a nd ___ or __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html, and are very p opular Chris tian festiva Is in. 20. a system n ow in gen era I use of arr an ging the m on ths in the year and th e days in th e mon th, int roduced by P ope Gregory X III (1502-85). 21.The only re ally importa nt patriotic festival is ____ on w hich __ are remember ed in specia I church ser vices and ci vicceremoni es. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html,The popul ation ofis nearly million. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html, , and __ are the main language us ed in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/602667343.html, is nationa I nickname o f. 25?The Engli sh have a mi xed cultural heritage co mbining , ____ 〃and element s. 26.The Englis h have many differences in regional speech. The Chief divisi on is betwee n _ and __ . 27.WalesThe ancestors of the Welsh w ere _________ ,who escaped to the wild mountains of form the i n vadi ng Angl es and Sax on s. 28.Today abou t_____ % of the Welsh p opulation st ill speak We Ish as their first Iangu age and abou t ______ % of the Welsh p eople speak only Welsh,and
英语国家概况 英国&澳大利亚部分Terms
Terms 1. Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter", literally "Great Paper"). In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal Barons (男爵，贵族) and the church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. The Magna Carta is regarded as the foundation of the British Constitutionalism（立宪制度）and it provides the basic principles（基本原则）for the protection of individual rights in both Britain and the United States. 2. The Hundred Years’ War The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, Territory（领土）, security（安全）and the throne（王权）. The Hundred Years’ War promoted the concept of English Nationalism（民族主义）and the development of the textile industry because it reduced the export of English wool （羊毛）. The war raised the social position of the bourgeois（资产阶级）class. All these factors contributed to the decline of feudalism（封建制度）in England. 3. The Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争 Between 1455 and 1485 a series of battles were fought between the two branches of the Plantagenet family, the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and the House of York, symbolized by the white rose, ended with the failure of the House of York. 4. Black Death Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly（致命的）bubonic plague（黑死病）, an epidemic disease(流行病) spread by rat fleas（鼠疫跳蚤）. It was a fierce and widespread outbreak of plague(瘟疫) that ravaged（毁坏）the whole of Europe in the 14th century. It hit England first in 1349 with subsequent waves between 1360 and 1375 . The plague killed perhaps up to one-third of the British population. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labour. 5. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization(机械化) of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile （纺织）industry.