linux安装oracle 11G R2最细步骤

# 后跟命令表示以操作系统下root用户操作; $ 后跟命令表示以操作系统下oracle用户操作; 虚拟机安装CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso 1.1 上传软件

假如放在/opt/目录下.

# cd /opt/

可通过SecureFX工具sftp上传数据库安装文件. 或者安装rz

yum install –y lrzsz

然后使用rz命令上传

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

1.2 Package安装检查

yum install -y binutils*

yum install -y compat-libstdc*

yum install -y elfutils-libelf*

yum install -y gcc*

yum install -y glibc*

yum install -y ksh*

yum install -y libaio*

yum install -y libgcc*

yum install -y libstdc*

yum install -y make*

yum install -y sysstat*

yum install libXp* -y

yum install -y glibc-kernheaders

执行预计5分钟的样子

1.3 增加数据库组和用户

# id oracle (确认oracle用户是否存在)

# groupadd oinstall (建立产品清单管理组)

# groupadd dba (建立数据库安装组)

# groupadd asmadmin (建立ASM管理组)

# groupadd asmdba (建立Grid管理组)

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle (oinstall为主要组,确保

/home/oracle原不存在)

# id oracle (记住oracle用户的uid和gid)

uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmdba)

# passwd oracle

1.4 调整OS内核参数

设置原则:

kernel.shmmax 为 4GB-1byte或一半的物理内存, 哪个值更低用哪个;

fs.file-max 为512 * PROCESSES.

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf (增加或修改以下参数, 参考值为最小需求, kernel.shmmax默认即可无需设置 )

#------------------------------------------

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

#------------------------------------------

# sysctl -p (设置参数立即生效)

1.5 增加shell限制

为了提升性能增加oracle用户的shell限制.

# vi /etc/security/limits.conf (在文件最后增加或修改以下参数) oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

# vi /etc/pam.d/login (在文件最后增加或修改以下参数) session required pam_limits.so

# vi /etc/profile (在文件最后增加或修改以下脚本)

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

1.6 建立必需目录

# more /etc/oratab (确认原来是否存在Oracle主目录)

# more /etc/oraInst.loc (确认原来是否存在Oracle产品清单目录)

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ (Oracle基础目录, 一般为/mount_point/app/oracle_owner) # chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

# chmod -R 775 /opt

# chmod -R 775 /u01

1.7 设置oracle用户环境变量

如果服务器有多网卡, 注意设置ORACLE_HOSTNAME为某网卡IP对应的主机名, 参照

/etc/hosts文件.

设置主机名称对应的域名

# vi /etc/hosts

此处编写当前服务器的ip centos（配置的环境变量ORACLE_HOSTNAME）

# su - oracle

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

umask 022

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=ORCL

export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/b in:$PATH

export LC_ALL="en_US"

export LANG="en_US"

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

$ source ~/.bash_profile

$ export查看环境变量

此处看到oracle的相关环境变量已经配置好了，之后不要切换当前shell否则环境变量不会存在，因为设置的环境变量为当前shell有效

1.8 解压Oracle安装文件

$ cd /opt

$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01 (解压到/u01目录下,可选目录)

$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01

如果unzip不存在#yum install -y unzip(此处需要用root用户安装)

$ cd /u01/database

$ export DISTRIB=/u01/database

在解压后oracle软件的response目录里有各种响应文件的模版.

1.9 生成响应文件模板

1) 方法一(推荐)

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp

#--------------------------------------------------------------------

#以下参数不要更改

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_ 2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#以下参数根据实际情况更改,根据本文档步骤安装，一般也无需更改

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.

0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,oracl

e.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

#--------------------------------------------------------------------

各参数含义如下:

-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示

-force 允许安装到一个非空目录

-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca

-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径

oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改

oracle.install.option 安装选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安装主机名

UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用户用于安装软件的组名

INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle产品清单目录

SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文

ORACLE_HOME Oracle安装目录

ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上了

oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security 和Database Vault

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名

2) 方法二(图形界面)

$ ./runInstaller &

一步步设置到Summary页, 然后点击Save Response File按钮, 选择合适的存放路径并Finish 后, 回到Summary页, 点击Cancel退出OUI.

1.10 开始安装oracle软件

1) 通过response文件静默安装, 大概2-3分钟:

$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile

$DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp

如图所示表示已经正在安装，此时需要等待

2) 安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度:

$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs

$ tail -100finstallActions*.log

控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:

#-------------------------------------------------------------------

...

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

#-------------------------------------------------------------------

3) 安装的软件信息会写入inventory.xml文件, 如果需重运行则把该文件的对应安装条目信息删除即可:

$ vi $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

第3步可以不操作

1.11 运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh

若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限: $ su -

# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

# more /etc/oraInst.loc

执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:

# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

# more /etc/oratab

1.1 静默配置监听

通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于

$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:

# su -oracle

$ export DISTRIB=/u01/database

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp

$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora

$ lsnrctl status

执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到.

1.2 静默建库

1) 生成响应文件模板:

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp

#--------------------------------------------------------------------

#以下参数不要更改

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

#以下参数必须设置

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "ORCL"

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

TOTALMEMORY = "1024"

#--------------------------------------------------------------------

2) dbca静默建库, 大概3-4分钟:

种子数据库和控制文件位于$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/下, 即

Seed_Database.dfb和Seed_Database.ctl文件, 实际上建库就是基于通过rman恢复种子数据库和控制文件来实现的.

$clear

$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp 此处会刷屏，等刷完了输入两次密码

每次输完回车，然后等待安装

Enter SYS user password:

<输入sys用户密码>

Enter SYSTEM user password:

<输入system用户密码>

Copying database files

...

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

...

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

...

100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.

各参数含义如下:

-silent 表示以静默方式安装

-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改

OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改

GDBNAME 全局数据库名,点号前面默认是db_name,点号后面默认就是db_domain

TEMPLATENAME 建库模板名,参考各模板定

义:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/*.dbc

CHARACTERSET 字符集,默认是WE8MSWIN1252

TOTALMEMORY 实例内存,默认是服务器物理内存的40%

3) 安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:

$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log

4) 建库后实例检查

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l

21

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

oracle 1855 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL

oracle 1857 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCL

oracle 1861 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCL

oracle 1863 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCL

oracle 1865 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCL

oracle 1867 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCL

oracle 1869 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCL

oracle 1871 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCL

oracle 1873 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCL

oracle 1875 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCL

oracle 1877 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCL

oracle 1879 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCL

oracle 1881 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCL

oracle 1883 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCL

oracle 1885 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCL

oracle 1887 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCL

oracle 1889 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCL

oracle 1969 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCL

oracle 1985 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCL

oracle 2003 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCL

oracle 2005 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL

5) 建库后监听检查

$ lsnrctl status

...

Services Summary...

Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 如果未被动态注册到监听程序, 则可以手工注册:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter system register;

6) 改为归档模式并重启

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)

SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)

到此建库完毕!

7) 创建自己的用户及权限

SQL> create user test identified by 123456;

create user qiaoyanjun identified by "!@#123QWEqwe";

SQL> grant dba to test;

grantdba to qiaoyanjun;

然后就可以远程连接了，当然端口什么的要开放

8) 默认安装的数据库用户:

SQL> set lines 256 pages 500

SQL> select USER_ID,USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from db a_users order by 1;

USER_ID USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS DEFAULT_TABLESPAC E

---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------

0 SYS OPEN SYSTEM

5 SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM

9 OUTLN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM

14 DIP EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS

21 ORACLE_OCM EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS

30 DBSNMP EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

31 APPQOSSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

32 WMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

42 EXFSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

43 CTXSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

45 XDB EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

46 ANONYMOUS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

53 ORDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

54 ORDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

55 ORDPLUGINS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

56 SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

57 MDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

61 OLAPSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

65 MDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS

67 SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 70 SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 72 SYSMAN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

74 MGMT_VIEW EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM

75 FLOWS_FILES EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

76 APEX_PUBLIC_USER EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS

78 APEX_030200 EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

79 OWBSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

83 OWBSYS_AUDIT EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX

84 SCOTT EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 2147483638 XS$NULL EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS

30 rows selected.

9) 默认安装的组件:

SQL> col COMP_ID format a8

col COMP_NAME format a35

col VERSION format a12

col schema format a12

col OTHER_SCHEMAS format a45

SQL> select comp_id,comp_name,version,schema,other_schemas from dba_registry order b y 1;

COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION SCHEMA OTHER_SCHEMAS

-------- ----------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------------------------------------

AMD OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.1.0 OLAPSYS

APEX Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 APEX_030200 FLOWS_FILES

APS OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

CATALOG Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

CATJAVA Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

CATPROC Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.1.0 SYS APPQOSSYS,DBSNMP, DIP,ORACLE_OCM,OUTLN,SYSTEM

CONTEXT Oracle Text 11.2.0.1.0 CTXSYS

EM Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.1.0 SYSMAN

EXF Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYS

JAVAVM JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

ORDIM Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.1.0 ORDSYS MDSYS,ORDDATA,ORDPLU GINS,SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

OWB OWB 11.2.0.1.0 OWBSYS

OWM Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.1.0 WMSYS

RUL Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYS

SDO Spatial 11.2.0.1.0 MDSYS

XDB Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.1.0 XDB ANONYMOUS,XS$NULL XML Oracle XDK 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

XOQ Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.1.0 SYS

18 rows selected.

1.3 静默删库(可选)

1) 生成响应文件模板:

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_delete.rsp

#--------------------------------------------------------------------

#以下参数不能更改

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"

#以下参数根据实际情况更改

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "ORCL"