英语菜单翻译
Directions: There are many ways of cooking in Chinese cuisine. The following is a list of words referring to the typical cooking methods. Look them up in the dictionary or reference books and turn them into English.
炸
deep-fry, deep-fat fry
烧
stew after frying, braise
烤
roast, bake, toast, grill, barbecue
蒸
steam
煸[1]
sauté, stir-fry before stewing
煨
stew[2], simmer
爆
quick-fry, stir-fry, sauté
熏
smoke
扣
steam
煮
boil, poach, parboil
烹
steam, boil
炙
broil, roast
炒
fry, quick-fry
溜[3]
quick-fry
扒[4]
fry and stew/braise
焖
braise
烩[5]
braise, assort
炝[6]
quick-fry, mix
卤
stew in soy sauce, pot-stew
炖
braise, stew
酿/填
brew, stuff
拌
toss, mix
涮
instant-boil
煎
pan-fry
氽
dip-boil
腌
steep
焙[7]
broil, bake
烘
bake
酱
marinate, season with soy sauce
腊
cure
软炸
soft-fry
酱烧
braise in soy sauce
红烧
braise/stew in brown sauce/soy sauce
白灼
scald, blanch
铁扒
grill
盐焗[8]
broil with salt
清蒸
steam in plain soup
酒蒸
steam with wine
清炖
stew/braise in plain/clear soup
粉蒸
steam with rice powder
干烧
braise with hot chili
干炸
deep-fry
酒酿
stuff
生焖
braise
干烹
steam in hot sauce
锅贴
pan-fry
干煸
dry-sauté, sauté
水煮
stew, poach
油焖
fricassee
糟溜
stew in fermented rice sauce
醋溜
sauté with vinegar
罐焖
pot-fricassee
生爆
sauté
酱爆
sauté in brown sauce
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油爆
sauté in deep oil
生炒
fry
叉烧
barbecue, roast
油淋
drip-fry with oil, scald in b
oiling oil
嫩煮
scald
炙烧
grill
烧烤
barbecue, roast
串烧
skewer
拔丝
caramelize, toffee
冰镇
ice
嫩煎
sauté, quick-fry
捣碎
mash
磨碎
grind
捣泥
mash
盐泡
pickle
细切
fritter
剁碎
mince, chop
手撕
shred
切片
slice
切丁
dice, cube
Directions: There are many adjectives used to describe the taste, color and smell of Chinese dishes. Read the following list and turn them into English.
甜的 sweet 瘦的lean 肥的 fat 嫩的 tender
老的/硬的 tough/hard 香的 fragrant 苦的 bitter 软的 soft
热的 hot 温的 tepid 冷的 cold 脆的 crisp
干的 dried 酸的 sour 涩的 tart 油腻的 greasy
辣的 hot/peppery 腥的 fishy/smelling of fish
无味的 tasteless 味厚的 rich/greasy 味重的 highly/heavily seasoned
清淡的 light/bland 味淡的 lightly seasoned
做得好的 well-done 做得嫩的 under-done
做得老的 over-done 麻辣的 numbing and peppery 麻的 numbing爽口的 smooth
Directions: There are many condiments used in Chinese dishes. Read the following list and turn those condiments into English.
小葱 chive 大蒜 garlic 生姜 ginger
辣椒 pepper 干辣椒 chili 猪油 lard
咖喱 curry 味精 MSG 白糖 sugar
红糖 brown sugar 冰糖 rock sugar 砂糖granulated sugar
方糖 cube sugar 胡椒 black pepper 花椒 wild pepper
食盐 salt 香料 spice 醋 vinegar
番茄酱 catsup/tomato sauce 辣椒油 chili sauce 酱油 soy sauce
八角 star anise/aniseed 茴香 fennel seed 桂皮 cinnamon
桂花 cassia 花生酱 peanut butter 豆瓣酱 soybean paste
酸辣酱 chutney 辣椒酱 chili sauce 芝麻酱 sesame butter
香油 sesame oil 豆油 soybean oil 蚝油 oyster oil
菜籽油 rape seed oil 花生油 peanut oil 橄榄油 olive oil
色拉油 salad oil 辣酱油 pungent sauce 蜂蜜 honey
淀粉/芡粉 starch
高汤 soup-stock 咖哩 curry
芥末 mustard 蕃茄酱 tomato sauce 肉汁 gravy
果酱 jam 蛋黄酱 mayonnaise 甜面酱 sweet soybean paste
Directions: Usually, Chinese dishes are named according to (1) how they are prepared, served, looked or smelled; or (2) the raw materials and ingredients used; (3) the artistic names which allude to legends, stories, historic events and other sources. Translate and classify the following dishes into the above-mentioned categories.
狗不理包子 Goubuli steamed stuffed bun; dumb-dog dumpling
清炖牛尾 braised/stewed oxtail in clear soup
夫妻肺片 Fuqi ox lung slice
红烧蹄筋 braised tendon with brown sauce
草船接箭[9] “Straw Boat Collecting Arrows”
麻婆豆腐 Mapo bean curd
西湖醋鱼 West Lake sour and sweet fish
三潭影月 “Three Pools Reflecting the Moon”
烟熏排骨 smoked spare-ribs
纸包里脊 roasted pork fillet slices wrapped in silver paper
红焖猪腿 pig feet braised in soy sauce
宫爆腰花 stir-fried pig’s kidney
沙锅肘子 pork joint braised in casserole
水煮肉片 stewed pork slices