ever词引导的名词性从句详解

ever词引导的名词性从句详解
ever词引导的名词性从句详解

-ever词引导的名词性从句详解

一、概说

英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等,其中可引导名词性从句的主要有 whatever, whoever, whichever。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句,它们通常不用于引导同位语从句,同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如:

Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)

I d on’t believe whatever he said.无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)

在某些特定的语境中,也可用于引导表语从句。如:

What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

二、whatever引导的名词性从句

whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如:

Do whatever she t ells you and you’ll have peace.她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。

I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like.我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

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三、whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:

I’ll take whoever wants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。

Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it.谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。

Tell whoever you like —it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧,对我是无所谓的。

注:whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外,注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

谁赢了都可以获奖。

误:Who wins can get a prize.

误:Anyone wins can get a prize.

正:Whoever wins can get a prize.

正:Anyone who wins can get a prize.

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四、whichever引导的名词性从句

whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如:

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。

We’ll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table.哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

注:whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,分别相当于 no matter what, n o matter who, no matter which。如:

I’ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] happens.无论如何我都支持你。

Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.

不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙。

Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.

不管买哪个都有六个月的保修期。

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三大类从句的引导词

引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. (4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains unknown. (6)Whatever you did is right. (7)Whose watch was lost is unknown. (8)What we need is time. (9)What we need are good doctors. 小结: (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等

(2)连词位于句首不能省略 (3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 (1)It is certain that he will win the match. (2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. (3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. (4)It is strange that he should do that. (5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. (7)It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our vacation. (8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident. (9)It is said that he has gone to Taiwan.(=He is said to have gone to Taiwan)

引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词 在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。 引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that, whether, if;关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表: 类别词义在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句 中不充当任何句子成分 if和whether 意为“是否”,表 明从句意义的 不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用,并在从句 中充当主、表、宾、定 语等 关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用,并在从句 中充当状语 1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别 连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分) What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(What在从句中作主语) 2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。 that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别: (1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。(此处不用whether) Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether) I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。 比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。 (2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New Y ork.他说他是从纽约来的。(that无意义,可以省略)Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。(whether 有意义,不可以省

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2.关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 (1)which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句,which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面,而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活,可放在句首,也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样,我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气,众所周知,是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人,正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了,这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面,纯粹表示主句所述的内容,往往用which;当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时,用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待,让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违,这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句,必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气,没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3.引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注:有时point也可以是具体的地点: Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

(完整word版)时间状语从句地引导词

时间状语从句的引导词 when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since,whenever 时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同,要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系,以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。 1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析: (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用短暂性动词又可用延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 注意体会如下例句: I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。 When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,这门就吱嘎作响。

When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be 可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如: When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。 When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。 (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如 Study while you study; play while you play.

as引导定语从句的用法

as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语; 例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

where引导定语从句的用法

Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解? 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。

用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

表格语从句引导词

表格语从句引导词集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

表语从句 连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough 连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词:when/where/why/how/because 1)that在从句中仅起连接作用,无实际意义,在句中不做任何成分,不能省略。 2)whether在表语从句中表是否但不充当句子的成分。if不能引导表语从句.如: 1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsis whethe rmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon. 2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing. 3)What在表语从句中充当主语宾语表语,表示什么,什么样子,…的人或事. 1.Thequestionis whatcausedtheaccident. 2.Thatmountainisnolonger whatitusedtobe. 3.Whathetoldyouwas what hadbeendiscussedatthemeeting. 4)who在表语从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,表示谁。. 1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework 2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto. 5)which在引导表语从句时,常充当定语,表语表示哪一个,哪一些。如:Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowis which(book)itis. 6)由asif,asthough引导表语从句,表示好像。句子中的系动词常用 be,look,appear,seem,sound等。 1.Itlooksasifitwasdoingtorain. 2.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl. 7)当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而 不能由because引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…句型中. 1.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain. 2.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain. 注意:当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备,但是还是要表示疑问含义,可以判断句子中缺少状语,常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导,有why,when,where,how等 Thisishowhedidit. Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet. That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter. 表语从句引导词注意事项 1.that引导表语从句时不能省. 2.if不能引导表语从句. 3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分

ever的用法

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