英语_二_阅读理解高分笔记
英语(二)阅读理解高分笔记
一、阅读的重点
①.文章首尾段②.段落的首尾句 ③.定位句的主干部分（主、谓、宾）
二、做题步骤&思路
①.依据问题题干，判断题目类型。
②.依据定位词，找到原文出处。
③.划出“信号词”，依据题型，按套路解题。
三、阅读的通用技巧
1、三一原则：选项中，三正一反，三反一正，选一反一正。
2、等价选项不可选，选项中有等价表述的，两者都不能选。
3、有两选项，结构相似，意义相反或相近，通常答案是其中一项。
4、常识问题常识解答，反常识的绝对错误。
5、有绝对词的，通常不可选。语气委婉、缓和的，通常可选。
6、选项是，问题定位句的“同义表述”的，通常可选。
7、凡正确答案与主题核心有关；凡偏离主题的通常都是错误的。
8、学会巧用“信号词”，包括：逻辑关系词、连词、标点符号。
9、巧用“词缀”作“定性”判断，如：反向的op、dis、in、un、_il等。
四、常见“信号词”
1、语气绝对的词
the only、necessarily、must、absolutely、can not、couldn’t、impossible、definitely、completely、every、all、entirely、any……
2、语气委婉的词
not the only、not necessarily、may、may not、perhaps、probable、possible 、quiet possible、in fact、actually、indeed(确实)……
3、正态度的词
approval(赞成的)、defensive（防御性的）positive、supportive、favorable、enthusiastic、optimistic、concerned、confident、interested
4、反态度的词
Disapproval(不赞成) 、objected（反对）、opposed(强烈反对)、suspicious(疑心的) negative、pessimistic、doubtful、critical、ironic(冷嘲的,挖苦的)、indignant(愤慨的)
5、中立态度的词
objective(客观的)、neutral、indifferent、detached、realistic、concerned、practical、sensitive、cautious、impartial、unprejudiced、supernatural、compromising、
6、永陪选项词（作者态度）
除objective以外的所有“中立态度词”、subjective、biased、puzzled、ambiguous(含糊不清的)、gloomy、unconcerned、hostile(怀有敌意的)、radical、confused、depressed(消沉的)、prejudiced
7、逻辑关系词
大因果关系：as、for、because、in that、as a result、consequently、hence（因此）、thus（因此）、so、therefore、for this reason、so…that…、since
小因果（前因后果）：cause、lead to、contribute to、result in、as a result
小因果（前果后因）：attribute to、result form、due to、as a result of、owing to（由于）、thank to（由于）、转折关系：but、however、yet、whereas、on the other hand、conversely(相反)、nevertheless(然而)、on the contrary(相反)、to the opposite(相反)、nonetheless(但是)、
让步关系：though、although、even if、even though、while、in spite of、despite、for all尽管; 虽然
8、例证词
for instance、as、such as、like、show、for example、as an example、to illustrate、as an illustration、take…for example、take…as an example、no better example、…is a good illustration、
…is a good case in point、can be offered than
9、对比、比较
like、unlike、until、not so much…as…、in contrast with、more than、as…as…、prefer to、similar、parallel、rather than、in place A...in place B...
10、列举
firstly、secondly、thirdly、finally、not only…but also…、then、in addition、furthermore（此外）、moreover、above all、on the one hand…on the other hand
阅读“五大十小”题型
一、细节题
1、普通细节题
关键词：which of、learn from、when、who、how、where、who
2、判断对错题
关键词：except、not true、not list、not explain、not mentioned、not tell、who
解题思路：
①、依据名词，定位找原文出处；
②、依据动词，找“同义表达” ；
③、巧用“信号词”，逐个排除，得出答案。
注：一篇文章，如果多道细节题都提到同一个名词，则以此定位不科学。词的替换，同根词、近义词，表达一样的意思，是主要考虑的。太绝对的不选，通用原则要灵活运用在细节题上，尤其是判断对错题，用的好，排除法，节省时间。
3、人物观点题（文章某人）
关键词：according to sb ；agree with
解题思路：
①、定位，找原文出处；
②、依据“措辞”决定“观点”，答案要在这个人所说的话中来找 ；
③、文章中某人的直接引语、间接引语，均适用。
4、论证结构题（例证题）
关键词：cite、use、mention、quote; + to show、to prove、to illustrate、so as to
题干：支持型信息（论据）
选项：论证型信息（论点）
实质表达：“题干”是用以说明哪一个“选项”！
支持型信息的三大来源：1、example/case例子 2.quotation引用人说的话 3.statistics数据支持解题思路：
①、定位，找原文出处；信号词，多是例证词。
②、答案要在定位词或定位句的前面找；例子、引语、数据，本身都不是答案。
注：cite：引用, 举例。 so as to：为了…，以便…
5、因果关系题
关键词：due to、 in that、 attribute to 、as result to ……
题干：效果、结果（effect）
选项：原因（cause）
实质表达：导致/引发“题干”的原因，是一个“选项”！
解题思路：
①、定位，找原文出处；信号词，多是因果关系词。
②、答案要在“表原因的”句子中找；原因本身范围之外的，都不是答案。
二、释义题
关键词：mean、refer to、indicate、definition、best be replaced by、is closed in meaning
解题思路：
①、定位，找原文出处；
②、与上下文，在意义上、结构上、逻辑上，找联系。
③、可代入检验，一般：生词本义、熟词生义。
三、推断题
1、推断/暗示题
关键词：infer、imply、probably、mostly、going to 、suggest、implied but not stated
切记：推断/暗示题，答案的信息间接来自文章，需要找间接信息。从两个方面来体现。
eg：If it is sunny, I’ll …
If it is fine, I’ll …
If it is rainy, I’ll …
从sunny到fine是learn，得出来的是正向信息；
从sunny 到rainy是infer, infer得出来的是反向信息。
a. I give her a rose. 核心词是rose，实物名词
b. I love her. 核心词是love，动词
c. I give her my love. 此处love是抽象名词
从a可以推出b，但b不可以推出a，c可以推b。
切记：推断题，其选项，含“抽象名词”可以选，实物名词不能选。“动词占主导”的选项可以选。常见设计模式：
A、direct + extra description
B、indirect + opposite meaning
C、direct + extra description
D、direct + extra description
另一种形式，推断/暗示题的选项全是SVO主谓宾结构。要看选项中的主语，在原文句中，担任何种成分。只选“作宾语”的。
A、S………….
B、S………….
C、O…………
D、O………....
解题思路：
①、观察选项结构，看属于哪一模式。
②、定位，找原文出处；
③、其选项，含“抽象名词”可以选，实物名词不能选。“动词占主导”的选项可以选。
SVO主谓宾结构。要看选项中的主语，在原文句中，担任何种成分。只选“作宾语”的。
2、接叙题
关键词： previous / preceding (之前的，前一篇)
following（接下来、后一篇）
解题思路：
①、previous（之前的，前一篇)），找全文的第一句话，且在前半句中找答案。
②、following（接下来、后一篇），找全文的最后一句话，且在后半句中找答案。
四、主旨大意题（包括：选标题）
关键词：mainly concern(about), best title, most appropriate title, best summarize the article…….
解题思路：
①、不可看选项，避免心理暗示。
②、依据首段、尾段都出现的词，通常就是答案。如果较难，再看主体段的首句，找共同出
现的词。
③、范围过小或者过广泛的答案都不合适，最后运用“排除法”。
五、作者态度题
看信号词，排除“6、永陪选项词（作者态度）”。注意：objective(客观的)，是可以选的。
有关阅读的新题型
三种出题方式：
1.True or False判断对错MBA 10年
2.Corresponding多项对应MBA 11年
3.Sub-title 小标题MBA12年？（50%可能会考）
基本思路：
1、判断对错题，可以全选“T”。
2、多项对应，必然先从容易的开始做，先把确定无误定下来。（要结合语法，进行对应的选项代
入，读一读看通顺不？）
3、小标题：
①、读一下第一段的首句、尾句，了解一下“文章大意”。首句、尾句，通常就是“论点”
与“结论”。
②、“论点”、“结论”，各出一道题，除本段外，还要结合第一段的首尾句。
③、“中间部分”，会出三道题；一般找同根词、近义词、重复次数最多的词，
然后再在哪个项中有，这就是它的标题。
邵大师之评论文现场讲评的话题
一、持卡消费[Credit Cards]
原因：
1、rapid pace of urban life
With the rapid pace of urban life, there is an increasing demand for this modern way of consumption.
2、development of relevant facilities
The development of relevant facilities promotes the popularity of credit cards.
3、a positive attitude towards
More and more people take a positive attitude towards this phenomenon, and regard it as their regular lifestyle.
意义：
1、a symbol of freedom
It’s a symbol of freedom, and enable as do deal more conveniently without following old-fashioned ways.
2、a necessary complement
It is a milestone in the progress of modern technology, which can be a necessary complement to traditional means of consumption.
3、stimulate consumers’ spending
Credit cards can stimulate consumers’ spending and contribute a lot to market prosperity.
二、娱乐节目[Entertainment Program]
原因：
1、great pressure of modern life
Under the great pressure of modern life, there is an increasing demand for various means of entertainment.
2、development of relevant industries
The gradual development of relevant industries/ mass media promotes the popularity/ boom of entertainment programs.
3、more competitive than traditional programs
The advantages make them more competitive than traditional programs.
意义：
1、relieve one’s pressure
The program can relive our pressure of daily life and relax our minds at the same time.
2、a better platform
It may give actors a better and larger platform to display their talents and personality.
3、boost development
It will increase the audience ratings and boost the healthy and smooth development of relevant industries.
三、实名制[Real-name System]
意义：
1、make management more efficient
The new policy will tighten the inspection programs and make management more efficient.
2、preserve the normal order
It aims to preserve the normal order of our society and prevent the occurrence of crimes.
3、a mirror of social progress
It is a mirror of social progress, which can be a reasonable alternative to existing policies.
四、微博/ 名人博客[micro blog/ the popularity blog]
意义：
1、lead a modern lifestyle
Blog makes it possible for us to lead a modern and active lifestyle.
2、an immediate access to something
This innovation can provide us with an immediate access to updated information and even the
outside world.
3、a better platform
It can give users a better and larger platform to display their talents and personality.
五、职业教育[V ocational Education] 2006.★
原因：
1、intense competition in job market
With intense competition in job market, the requirement for professional skills is being set higher and higher.
2、development of educational industries
The rapid development of educational industries accelerates the emergence of vocational training. 3、a shortcut in one’s career
Many people regard vocational training as a shortcut in gaining a brilliant career.
意义：
1、provide precious opportunities
V ocational education can provide us with many precious opportunities to know more about professional knowledge.
2、enhance one’s competitiveness
It can enhance students’ competitiveness in job market and lay a solid foundation for their future. 3、necessary complement
It may render us a necessary complement to traditional patterns of education.
六、自主创业[Undertaking]
意义：
1、a healthy and active lifestyle
2、better and larger platform
3、precious opportunities
七、低碳生活[Low-carbon Lifestyle]
原因：
1、reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
2、slow down the rate of climate change
3、bring a lot of benefits to human’s future generations
措施：
1、minimize the use of private cars/ encourage car-pooling/ develop public transport systems.
2、use renewable materials/ avoid using one-off chopsticks or other disposable things (cups/dishes)
3、seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.
八、食品安全[Food Safety]
原因：
1、pursue personal profits
To pursue personal profits, some producers even take risk of mixing food with harmful additives. 2、inefficient management
Based on systematic surveys, many socialists attribute the problem to inefficient management.
3、degeneration of social values
There is a direct link between the problem and degeneration of social values.
措施：
1、lay down strict regulations
2、tighten inspection programs
3、raise people’s awareness of X
九、家庭暴力[Domestic Violence]
原因：
1、moral decline
With the moral decline, the ignorance of familial affection is being aggravated increasingly.
2、different background
As they come from different background, some couples perceive thing from conflicting perspectives.
3、lack of communication
Some socialists attribute the problem to the severe lack of necessary communication.
措施：
1、give family members more room
2、learn to defend our legal rights and interests
3、call on others to fight against
适合小学二年级阅读的经典英语短文
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erydejectedandforlorn.AfterawhilehisCaptorwasgladenoughtose llhimtoaneighbour,whotookhimhomeandlethiswingsgrowagain.Ass oonashehadrecoveredtheuseofthem,theEagleflewoutandcaughtaha re,whichhebroughthomeandpresentedtohisbenefactor.Afoxobserv edthis,andsaidtotheEagle,“Don’twasteyourgiftsonhim!Goandg 【篇三】 小女孩的梦想AlittleGirl’sDream
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②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 阅读理解解题技巧 1. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性。 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案。 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
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