汉英翻译每周练习

一

1.人类有史以来不断改变自然环境，以改善自己的生活方式。人类借助技术工具改变

了地球的许多自然特征。20世纪飞速发展的工业经济给人类带来了高度发达的物质

文明，但人类也在重重危机之中，环境问题已经从局部的小范围发展成地区性的甚

至全球性的问题。现在，就让我们一起来了解当今世界正面临着的十大环境问题。众多的环境问题，已经对人类提出了十分严峻的挑战，这是涉及人类能否在地球上继续生存、继续发展的挑战，人类不能回避，更不能听之任之，贸然对待。越来越严格的伐木限制、越来越小心的渔民、越来越多的生态社区、越来越先进的火力发电、越来越环保的能源技术、越来越普及的太阳能。人类必须、也只有人类能够找到自己的出路。

Since time immemorial, via techniques and tools mankind has been endlessly morphing the natural environment into what can fit its lifestyles, and due to which great changes have taken place on earth’s landscapes. In 20 century, rapid development of industrial economy brought about a highly-developed material civilization, while at the same time——environmental problems too which amid countless crises, developed from the local to the regional and even global level. Now let’s acquaint ourselves with the top ten global environmental problems, which together with the rest of the problems are posing great threats to human beings. It’s a matter of whether we can continue our living on earth and a matter of sustained development which we can neither dodge nor let go unchecked or deal with hastily. Lumbering is facing increasingly significant restrictions and fishermen are getting more concerned with local environment while fishing. More and more eco-communities spring up; thermal power generation is becoming more and more advanced, energy technologies more and more environmental-friendly; solar power is getting ubiquitous. Mankind and mankind only can find its own way out.

2.冰糖葫芦是中国传统美食，由山楂作主料蘸上熬好的冰糖，酸甜冰爽。圆溜溜的红

山楂一颗颗串在竹签上，象征幸福和团圆。传统的冰糖葫芦只用山楂作原料，但如

今冰糖葫芦品种既多又新颖，人们喜欢的任何水果、甚至蔬菜，都可以制作。比如：草莓、橘子、葡萄、猕猴桃、山药、小西红柿等。本期工坊将教您制作冬日美食冰

糖葫芦，如果您身边还有其他蔬果食材，都可以同理制作哦，一起试试吧！

Taking on a sour-sweet flavour, candied haws are a traditional Chinese snack

which, using haws as its main ingredient by skewering them on a bamboo stick,

syrup-coated, embodies happiness and reunion. Compared to the traditional

ones which only take haws as the raw material, today’s ‘candied haws’ are

not only novel but diverse as any kind of fruits and even vegetables, such

as strawberries、tangerines、grapes、 kiwi fruits、 yams and tomatoes, can

be produced into them. Today’s workshop will teach you how to make candied

haws—the ‘Cuisine of Winter’. If you have any other fruits and vegetables

at hand, you can repeat the same procedure. So let’s do it!

3.在泉州流传着这样一个故事，一个学者偶然到泉州考察，走进一个石头砌成的公共

厕所，猛然低头看见右脚踩着一块千年石碑，左脚踩着刻着梵文的某个遗址。他惊

诧着跑了出来，一路狂奔到佛教圣地开元寺，一抬头，看到寺内仿木石塔上雕刻的

是印度教神灵，而这庙宇竟然是用皇帝才能用的99根盘龙柱建成的。这样的描述在

泉州并非传说，一条短短的涂门街，左手是道教的关帝庙，隔墙就是伊斯兰教清真

寺，而斜对面却保留着印度教的遗址。在泉州的海外交通博物馆里还能见到许多类

似的雕刻：佛教僧侣脚踏道教祥云，长着基督教天使翅膀，手持东正教十字架，穹

顶是印度教花纹。可以说这些世界主要宗教教派，甚至早已消失的神秘宗教摩尼教

的遗址都在泉州完好地保存下来，形成了独特的文化现象。南宋著名思想家朱熹游

历泉州时曾不禁感慨“此地古称佛国，满地皆是圣人”。

3. In Quanzhou circulates such a story that a scholar on an occasional visit to Quanzhou,

walked into a public toilet built out of stone, and suddenly found while looking down

his right foot on a piece of the millennium monument, the left on a site engraved with

Sanskrit. Surprised, he ran out - all the way to the Kaiyuan Temple Buddhist shrine

where he looked up and saw the Hindu gods carved on the wood-like temples which

constituted 99 dragon-entwining stone pillars exclusive to emperors. Such a description

is not mythology in Quanzhou. On the left of short Tumen Street is a Taoist temple –

the Temple of Guan Yu; next to it is a Muslim mosque while diagonally across the street

lie the relics of Hinduism. Overseas Transport Museum in Quanzhou displays plenty of

similar carvings - Buddhist monks whose feet on Taoism clouds, with a long Christian

angel wings, holding Orthodox cross, and the dome taking on Hinduism patterns. We

can say that the remains of the world's major religious denominations including even

the long-gone mysterious religion - Manichaeism are well preserved in Quanzhou,

which is a unique cultural phenomenon. Famous thinker of Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu

Xi, after travelling Quanzhou, cannot help feeling "here since ancient times has been

known to be Buddhist country, and all over the place are saints."

4.这两天，因为母亲生病住院的事搞得我焦头烂额，心情正不爽时，学校的职称评定

又下来了，一看，自己报的一级师资没有通过，可小陈却评上了。家里的事学校的

事搅得我心烦气躁，工作情绪也大受影响，很有一种想找个人发泄一番才过瘾的劲

头。

这天晨读，刚走进教室，发现一个学生在调皮捣蛋。我忍住心头怒火，勒令他把作业拿出来，果不出我所料，没有按时完成。本来心情不好的我一下子焦躁起来，正在此时，教务主任在窗户外叫我，我才控制住了情绪。

我以自己心情不好，身体不适为由请了三天假。这三天里，除了陪母亲，我更多地调理自己的心情，努力让自己快乐起来，同时也想到自己之所以比不过小陈，自然有自己的不足之处，但我相信自己有能力赶超他！假后重新走上讲台，我的心态已完全调整过来了。工作劲头也焕然一新，年底，我被评为优秀教师，为来年评职称增加了一道“保险杠”。

These two days, I was badly battered by that my mother was ill in hospital and to make things worse, I failed the eligibility appraisal of First-level Teachers while my colleague Chen should have passed it. Those nuisances at school and home upset me devastatingly and my job morale was impacted also, which plunged me into the thirst for venting my spleen on someone.

Today, during morning reading class, the minute I walked into the classroom, a mischievous student pissed me off. While holding my temper, I demanded to check his homework. As I had expected, he didn’t finish it. I was just about to lose my cool while I heard the dean calling me from outside through the window.

I, on grounds of bad mood, asked for three days off, during which time, besides staying in

company with my mother, I spent more time adjusting myself, trying to cheer myself up. At the same time, I thought I had certain shortcomings and that’s why I was not as good as Chen. But also, I believed I would catch up with him. With a completely different state of mind, I returned to the podium after the break. By the end of this year, with a renewed enthusiasm for work, I was entitled the “Excellent Teacher”, a ticket for the future appraisals.

5.“中华牌楼”可以称得上是海外唐人街最具标志性的建筑，其多建于宫苑、寺观、

祠堂、街道路口等地，常被称为“文化迎宾门”。有牌楼的地方，总有唐人街形影

相随。走进旧金山唐人街，街上的建筑物顶端、街灯和电话亭都状如宝塔，勾画出

典型的中国氛围。10月4日，美国规划协会公布了2013年十佳社区、十佳街道和十

佳公共场所。旧金山中国城在十佳社区中排名首位。据报道，尽管历经1906年大地

震等种种问题，中国城始终完好保持其独特文化特质。"Chinese Archway" can be

regarded as overseas Chinatown's most iconic building, mostly built in the imperial

gardens, temples, shrines, street intersections and other places, and often called the

"welcome door." Where there is an archway, where there is always a Chinatown. Into

San Francisco's Chinatown, the top of the street buildings, street lights and telephone

booths are shaped like a pagoda, projecting a typical Chinese atmosphere. October 4th,

the American Planning Association announced the 2013 Top Ten Communities, Top Ten

Streets and Top Ten Public Places. San Francisco’s Chinatown topped the Top Ten

Communities. According to reports, although undergoing the 1906 earthquake and

other problems, Chinatown has kept intact its unique cultural identity all along.

6.中国电影市场规模正在迅速扩大。据联合国教科文组织统计机构的统计，预计到

2020年，中国电影票房收入将达到128亿美元（约合人民币783.35亿元），有望超过

美国跃居世界首位。在中国的地方城市，购物顺带看电影的生活方式正在逐渐普及。

虽然仍存在种种问题，但中国市场的吸引力势必会进一步提高。

据联合国教科文组织统计研究所发布的报告《新兴市场与电影产业数字化》推算，中国到2020年将在票房收入方面跃居世界第一。2025年将超过200亿美元，比美国高出50%。

中国正在迅速缩小与目前一枝独秀的美国的差距。报告显示，美国在截至2011年的5年里票房收入仅增长了7%，而中国则增长了5倍。在这一期间，日本增长了60%左右。2012年中国超越日本，成为世界票房收入的第二位。中国的观影人次已经达到原来的2倍，而电影票单价也达到3倍。

The Chinese film market scale is expanding rapidly. According to the statistics agency of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, by 2020, Chin a’s film box office revenue will reach $ 12.8 billion (about 78.335 billion yuan), expected to surpass the United States and rank first in the world. Amid China’s local cities, shopping-and-movie is becoming more common. Although there are still problems, but the attractiveness of the Chinese market is bound to be further improved.

According to the report released by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, titled Emerging markets and film industry digitization, by 2020, China will rank first in the world in terms of box office revenue which by 2025 will be over 20 billion US dollars, 50 percent higher than in the United States.

China is rapidly narrowing the gap with the “solo thriving” United States. The report shows that the United States within 5 years by the end of 2011ended up with 7% growth

while China 500%. During this period, an increase of around 60% occured in Japan. In 2012 China overtook Japan to become the second in the world box office revenue. China's viewing trips has reached 2 times the original, and movie tickets up to 3 times the unit price.

7.我们说一个姑娘漂亮不漂亮，首先得看她的眼睛漂亮不漂亮。“新汉学计划”是孔

子学院的眼睛。孔子学院办得好不好，有没有档次，有没有水平，就看我们这个孔

子学院新汉学计划执行得怎么样。这个项目对我们的影响力来说，对我们的可持续

发展来说非常关键。这方面我们今年已经取得了不小的进展，但是我们还是要强调，不管是招博士生也好，还是招短期来访的青年领袖也好，都要适合当地的需要。像

韩国启明大学申一熙校长就提了很好的意见，就是说开展学术研究也要因地制宜。

比如说中医在东亚国家可能比较受欢迎，但是在中亚国家可能反响就比较冷淡，但

是音乐、舞蹈在中亚国家就非常容易找到共同点，他们非常愿意同中国交流。我觉

得他这个意见是非常对的。所以在新汉学计划方面，我们汉办会更多地尊重我们各

个学校、各个国家的意见。Speaking of a girl's beauty, first of all, it's important to find

out if she has beautiful eyes or not. "New Sinology plan" is the eyes of Confucius

Institutes whose level is decided by the implementation of the plan. This project is key

to our influence and sustainable development. In this regard, this year we have made

fairly large progress, but we still want to emphasize that no matter it's doctoral

students or young leaders on a short visit, it has to meet the local needs. Shen Yixi,

Korea Keimyung University president, gave a good advice, saying that academic

research should be adapted to local conditions. For example, Chinese medicine may be

popular in East Asian countries, but relatively lukewarm in the Central Asian country.

However, music and dance share much more common grounds in the Central Asian

countries whose people are very willing to conduct exchanges with China. I think he can

not be more right. So regarding this plan, we Hanban will respect the opinions of every

institute and every country as far as possible.

8.一开始，在教材的编写理念和编写方案上，中外专家就有了明显的分歧。俄罗斯教

材专家认为，教材要有普适性，既适用于大学生，也可以适用于中小学生。而中方

专家认为，儿童与成年人的心理和生理状况差异明显，应当根据各自学习外语的特

点、接受程度等分别编写教材。经过切磋，俄罗斯专家逐渐接受了中国同行的意见。

但意想不到的是，在教材编写册数上同样发生了分歧。中国出版的外语教材通常按

照学期计算，一个学期一本教材，学生从心理上可以产生成就感，视觉上获得新鲜

感，同时200页左右的教材也便于携带。而俄罗斯专家坚持编写一本供全年使用的

教材，以便学生复习。双方争论半天，各抒己见，相持不下。考虑再三，这回是中

国专家做出让步：尊重俄罗斯学生的学习习惯，编写两套汉语教材供两个学年使用。

From the very beginning, there were apparent differences between the Chinese

and the Russian experts in the ideas and approaches of writing teaching

materials. The Russian experts held that teaching materials ought to be

universally suitable for both university and school students, whereas the

Chinese experts believed that due to the clear psychological and physical distinctions between juveniles and adults, teaching materials need conform to the habits and capacity of foreign language learning and be written

respectively. After exchange of views, the Russian experts began to agree with their Chinese counterparts, but on the number of textbooks they went separate ways again. According to the routine compilation of foreign

language textbooks published in China, one textbook per semester will ensure that students can obtain a sense of achievement as well as freshness after their finishing off reading a book and moving on to the next. Also a 200-paged textbook is quite portable. Nevertheless, the Russian experts insisted on compiling a whole-year textbook so that students could easily review what they had learned. After heated discussions, disagreements and standoffs, the Chinese experts, with respect for Russian students’ learning habits,

yielded by writing one Chinese language teaching material for the use of two semesters.

9.北京师范大学附近的野草书店要关门了，民营连锁书店“纸老虎”宣布最多三个月也

要关门，连国内最大的广告书店“龙之媒”也宣布要在年底关闭现存的三家店……

在中国，随着一家又一家的书店相继没落，被认为是城市文化地标、代表着城市文

化内涵的实体书店还能走多远，应该如何生存，再次成为人们关注的焦点。很多人

哀叹，面对当当、京东、卓越等网络书城的低价竞争，中国实体书店将集体经历寒

冬，有人甚至认为实体书店已经没有存在的必要。

尽管实体书店愈来愈举步维艰，但人们依旧相信，实体书店是网络书店或其他形式

所取代不了的。“一个城市有图书馆、书店、报亭，这个城市才是完整的。虽然实

体书店正在经历电子阅读和网络书店的挑战，但挑战并不表明他们会消失。”北京

大学信息管理系主任王余光教授说。

The small bookshops around Beijing Normal University are going to close down and the

private-owned chain bookstore “Paper Tiger” has also announced its close-down for

the coming 3 months at most. Even the largest domestic ads bookshop –Aotu also

declares that it’s going to shut down the 3 exi sting stores by the end of the year.

With the successive downfalls of bookstores in China, people are once again becoming concerned with the prospect and survival issues of the entity bookshops which are considered a cultural landmark and represents the cultural contents of a city. Many people lament that in the face of the price competition of Dangdang, Jingdong and Zhuoyue and other online bookstores, China’s entity bookstores are going to undergo a time of hardship and some even think that there’s no need for their existence any more.

Despite the increasingly difficult situation of entity bookstores, but people still believe that the entity bookstore cannot be replaced by online bookstore or other forms. "A city that has libraries, bookstores, newsstands, is complete. Although the physical bookstores are facing challenges of electronic reading and online bookstores, but this does not mean that they will disappear”, s aid Professor Wang Yuguang, dean of Information Management Department of Peking University.

10.滕王阁虽以“滕王”命名，却因另一个人而出名。这个人就是被称为“初唐四杰”之一

的诗人王勃。

在中国人的印象中，王勃是一个才子，也是一位“神童”。他出生时中国正逢初唐盛世。自幼聪慧的他成长在书香世家，并从小显示出敏捷的才思和非凡的文采。据说他六岁能写文章，九岁能读《汉书》，十岁精通“六经”。十四岁时，王勃已非常有名。也是在这一年，他探亲路过南昌，参加了洪州阎都督在滕王阁举办的宴会，并一展身手，做成千古名序。

走进滕王阁一层大厅，就能看到一幅王勃的汉白玉浮雕。“说起滕王阁，不能不提到王勃。”杨敏说，滕王建阁时，王勃只有4岁，但十年后，正是这个青年登阁赴宴，做出《秋日登洪府滕王阁饯别序》，也即人们熟知的《滕王阁序》，让滕王阁名扬天下。

Although Tengwang Tower was named after Tengwang, it’s Wang Bo, one of the four great poets of early Tang dynasty, who made it well-known. Chinese people has an image of Wang Bo as a child prodigy. Born into a family of scholars amidst the flouring early age of Tang dynasty, he showed ready wits and remarkable literary talent. It was said that at the age of six, he could write articles, nine read the Book of Former Han, ten master Six Classics, at fourteen he was very famous. It was at the age of fourteen that he passed by Nan Chang on his family visit and attended the banquet held by Hong Zhou Governor Yan, where he demonstrated his gift by accomplishing the immortal preface.

A step into the first-floored hall of the pavilion, a white-marble relief of Wang Bo is to be seen. “Speaking of Tengwang Tower, Wang Bo mustn’t be forgotten”, said Yang Min. Wang Bo was only 4 years old when Tengwang began to build the tower. Nevertheless, ten years later, it’s the youngster that won Tengwang Tower its name around the world, who ascended the pavilion, attended the banquet and wrote the “Farewell Preface after Ascending in Autumn Hongfu Tengwang Tower”, also known as “Tengwang Tower Preface”.

11.

餐桌上，不仅一种食材能变化多端，食物取材之广也令人咋舌。不同地域的人们就地取材、因地制宜，在极富想象与灵感的转化下，奉献出味觉珍品。从北至南，从东到西，中国的地理、气候差异极大，因而饮食风格迥异。通常来讲，人们依据地域，以烹饪方式、味道喜好的不同笼统划分菜系，广为接受的就是川、鲁、湘、粤、浙、苏、闽、徽八大菜系。简单说，川菜偏辣、鲁菜清淡，苏菜细腻，粤菜本色等等，但这样笼统的概括显然难以服众，绝大多数中国人也很难说清八大菜系的异与同。事实上，即使相邻的两个城市也各有特色美食，口味不一，八大菜系显然小瞧了中国美食的博大与广阔。

所谓一方水土养一方人，湖南的辣妹子性格爽快、脾气火爆，江南的美女，明眸皓齿、温婉而笑，山东的汉子古朴拙实、……而实际上，正如西方的一句谚语：你吃什么，决定了你是什么样的人，水土不同，饮食风俗迥异，潜移默化地塑造着当地人的性格基因，而不同性格又反过来影响着人们的吃食喜好。

Not only food can be served in myriad forms, but also its ingredients can be astoundingly many and diverse. Locals present exquisite food by drawing on their rich imagination and local materials while staying in line with local conditions. From north to south, east to west, China’s geography and climate varies, and diet styles are thusly different. Generally, different styles of cuisine are classified according to different cooking methods and different favoured flavours. Among the widely recognized 8 cuisines namely Chuan, Lu, Xiang, Yue, Zhe, Su, Min and Hui cuisine, in brief, Chuan cuisine features acridity, Lu cuisine blandness, Su cuisine exquisiteness, and Yue cuisine nativeness. However, such summarization is too simple to satisfy the masses and

most Chinese can no tell exactly the similarities and differences among the 8 cuisines. In fact, even between two adjacent cities, each has its own speciality and favoured flavours. Therefore, the classification of Chinese cuisine into 8 is an obvious underestimate of extensive and diverse Chinese food.

As the old saying goes that “each place nurtures its own inhabitants”, girls from Hu’nan are blunt and short-tempered; beauties living in the south of the Yangtze River have bright eyes and grinning white teeth; men from Shandong are simple and sturdy. Virtually just as the western proverb goes that “what you eat decides what you will become”, different environment and climate, and dietetic custom will mould the locals’ personalities without being perceived. In return, different personalities will have an influence on people’s preference s for food.

12.土楼中的客家人生活来源主要靠烟草、水果和茶叶。小江家平时靠卖茶叶为生，1

层是她家卖茶叶的“门脸”，平时她和她的家人住在楼上。“我们客家人每天都要喝

茶，我们离不开茶。”她边泡茶边说着，“如果客家人把你邀请到家中来，却不泡一

壶好茶给你喝，那就是看不起你咯！”小江说，以前她也从土楼里出去过，在城里

卖茶叶。公公婆婆现在年龄大了，需要她的照顾，所以她回到这里照顾公婆、照顾

小孩。”“我的老公在县城里做水泥匠，如果太辛苦了，就叫他回来，我对他没什

么要求，挣到钱了就用到家里，我们都想让家里人过得好。家和万事兴，家好，做

什么都顺！”客家人对家庭的观念很强，他们善待每一位长辈，对“孝”尤为重视。

The sources of income for Hakkas living in Fujian Tulou are mainly tobacco、fruit and tea

leaf. Xiao Jiang’s family usually lives by selling tea leaves. She and her family in normal

times stay upstairs and the first floor is the shop front. “We Hakkas drink tea every day,

we cannot live without tea” she said while making her tea, “if a Hakka invite you to his

home without offering you a nice cup of tea, then he looks down on you.” Xiao Jiang

said that she had once gone out of Tulou and sold tea leaves in the town and that she

was back here to look after her grandparents and kids as her grandparents were getting

old and needed taking care of. ”M y husband works as a mason in the town. If the work

is too heavy, I’ll ask him to come back. I make few demands on h im. If he can make

money, we will spend it on our family. We both want our family to live well. Only a

harmonious family will lead to prosperity!” Hakkas have a strong values of family, with

especial respect for filial piety, they are kind to every senior.

13.

14.

再别康桥

徐志摩

轻轻的我走了，

正如我轻轻的来；

我轻轻的招手，

作别西天的云彩。

那河畔的金柳

是夕阳中的新娘；

波光里的艳影

在我的心头荡漾。

软泥上的青荇

油油的在水底招摇；

在康河的柔波里，

我甘心做一条水草。

那榆荫下的一潭，

不是清泉，是天上虹

揉碎在浮藻间，

沉淀着彩虹似的梦。

寻梦？撑一支长篙，

向青草更青处漫溯，

满载一船星辉，

在星辉斑斓里放歌。

但我不能放歌，

悄悄是别离的笙箫；

夏虫也为我沉默，

沉默是今晚的康桥！

悄悄的我走了，

正如我悄悄的来；

我挥一挥衣袖，

不带走一片云彩。

十一月六日