材料成型及控制工程专业英语及翻译
最新消息1-2
the benefits of civilization which we enjoy today are essentially
due to the improved quality of products available to us .文明的好处我们享受今天本质上是由于改进质量的产品提供给我们。the improvement in the quality of goods can be achieved with proper design that takes into consideration the functional requirement as well as its manufacturing aspects. 提高商品的质量可以达到与适当的设计,考虑了功能要求以及其制造方面。The design process that would take proper care of the manufacturing process as well would be the ideal one. This would ensure a better product being made available at an economical cost.设计过程中,将采取适当的照顾的生产过程将是理想的一个。这将确保更好的产品被使可得到一个经济成本。
Manufacturing is involved in turning raw materials to finished products to be used for some purpose. 制造业是参与将原材料到成品用于某些目的。In the present age there have been increasing demands on the product performance by way of desirable exotic properties such as resistance to high temperatures, higher speeds and extra loads.在现在的时代已经有越来越多的产品性能要求的理想的异国情调的性能如耐高温,更高的速度和额外的负载These in turn would require a variety of new materials and its associated processing.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理Also, exacting working conditions that are desired in the modern industrial operations make large demands on the manufacturing industry.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理。同时,严格的工作环境,需要在现代工业操作使大型制造业的需求.
Further, the economics of the manufacturing operation is a very important consideration. 此外,经济学的生产操作是一个非常重要的考虑因素。To be viable in the modern environment, a product has to be competitively priced besides having the functional and aesthetic appeal.是可行的在现代环境中,一个产品必须具有价格竞争力除了具有功能性和审美情趣。Therefore, it is necessary for the engineer to give a proper thought to various aspects of manufacturing.因此,它是必要的让工程师给适当的认为制造业的各个方面。
Manufacturing processes is a very fundamental subject since it is of interest not only to mechanical engineers but also to those from practically every discipline of engineering. 制造过程是一个非常基本的主题,因为它是有趣的,不仅机械工程师但同样从几乎每个学科的工程。It is so because engineering as a whole is meant for providing various materials for human consumption.它是如此因为工程作为一个整体是用来提供各种材料供人类食用For various products such as plant machinery required for chemical, civil, electrical, electronic, textile, etc., the manufacturing process forms a vital ingredient.对于不同的产品,如植物机械所需的化工、土木、电气、电子、纺织等,生产过程形成一个至关重要的因素.
A detailed understanding of the manufacturing processes is thus essential for every engineer. 详细了解生产流程是必不可少的每个工程师这样。This helps him appreciate the capabilities, advantages and also the limitations of the various manufacturing processes.这有助于他欣赏能力、优势和局限性,各生产工序。This in turn helps in the proper design of any product required for him.这反过来有助于正确的设计的任何产品需要他。Firstly, he would be able to assess the feasibility of manufacturing from his designs.首先,他将能够评估制造的可行性从他的设计。He may also find out that there more than one process available for manufacturing a particular product and so he can make a proper choice of the process which would require the lowest manufacturing cost and would deliver the product of desired quality. 他可能也发现有超过一种过程用于生产特定的产品,所以他可以使一个适当的选择过程,需要最低的制造成本和交付产品的期望质量。He may also modify his design slightly to suit the particular manufacturing process he chooses.也可以修改自己的设计稍微适应特定的制造过程他选择.
Manufacturing is defined by the Merriam Webster online dictionary as to make into a product suitable to use. 制造业是梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特词典定义的在线词典使成一个产品适合使用。Manufacturing remained as a craft till the first industrial revolution towards the end of the 18th century with low volumes and single-piece productions.制造业仍然作为一个工艺直到第一次工业革命对18世纪末的低量和单件生产。 It required highly skilled craftsmen to individually produce the pieces and fit them when the assembly was required. 它需要高度熟练的工匠来单独生产件和适合他们的需要时组装。。This was a slow and expensive process , but in the absence of any machines, that was the only thing that was possible.这是一个缓慢而昂贵的过程,但在缺乏任何机器,这是唯一可能的。 The availability of the steam engine and coal-fire furnaces made the invention of a number of steam-power driven machinery to greatly increase the manufacturing capacity. 蒸汽引擎的可用性和煤火熔炉使发明一种数量的全局驱动机械制造能力大大增加。A large number of inventions related to machine tools took place during this
period and continued into the 19th century. 大量的发明与机床发生在这一时期,持续到19世纪。对十九世纪末的发明电力和更好的工程材料、生产操作变得更有效率。Towards the end of the 19th century with the invention of electricity and better engineering materials, manufacturing operations became more productive. The developments in the automobiles at the beginning of the 20th century are instrumental in the growth of a variety of manufacturing methods and practices.对十九世纪末的发明电力和更好的工程材料、生产操作变得更有效率。汽车的发展在20世纪初期是工具性成长的各种生产方法和实践。
。There are a large number of processes available to the engineer for manufacture.有大量的流程提供给工程师制造。 These processes can be broadly classified into four categories.这些过程可以大致分为四类
Casting processes forming processes fabrication processes material removal processes
铸造工艺成形过程工艺制备材料去除的过程These are the only processes where liquid metal is used. 这些是唯一使用过程中,液态金属。Casting is also one of the oldest known manufacturing processes.铸造是一个已知的最古老的制造过程。它需要准备一个腔通常在耐火材料类似于最终对象是。 It required preparation of a cavity usually in a refractory material to resemble closely the final object to be made.它需要准备一个腔通常在耐火材料类似于最终对象是。 Molten metal is poured into this refractory mould cavity and is allowed to solidify. 金属熔液注入这耐火模腔和允许巩固。凝固后的对象被删除从模具。The object after solidification is removed from the mould.凝固后的对象被删除从模具。 Casting processes are universally used for manufacture of a wide variety of products. 铸造过程是普遍用于制造各种各样的产品The principal process among these is sand casting where sand is used as the refractory material. 其中的主要过程是砂铸,砂用作耐火材料。The process is equally suitable for the production of a very small batch as well as on a very large scale.这个过程同样适用于生产的一个非常小的批量以及一个非常
大尺度。 Some of the other casting processes for specialized needs are一些其他的铸造工艺专业需求Shell-mould casting. 壳型铸造permanent-mould casting硬模铸造Precision-investment. 精密的投资casting die-casting铸造压铸Plaster-mould casting. 石膏型铸造Centrifugal casting离心铸造 These are solid state manufacturing processes involving minimum amount of material wastage and faster production.这些都是固态制造过程涉及最少的材料损耗和更快的生产。 In a forming process, the metal may be heated to a temperature, which is slightly below the solidus temperature and then a large force is applied such that the material flows and takes the desired shape. 在成形过程中,金属可能被加热到一个温度,略低于固相线温度,然后一个大力量是应用的材料流和需要所需的形状。The desired shape is controlled by means of a set of tools called dies, which may be completely closed or partially closed during manufacture. 所需的形状是通过控制的一组工具称为死亡,这可能是完全封闭或部分封闭在制造。These processes are normally used for large-scale production rates. These are generally economical and in many cases improve the mechanical properties too. 这些过程通常用于大规模的生产速度。这些通常是经济和在许多情况下改善机械性能太
Some of the metal forming processes are rolling ,extrusion ,drop forging ,wire drawing ,press forging ,sheet metal operations ,upset forging . 一些金属成形过程是轧制、挤压、落锤锻造,拉丝,按锻造、金属板操作、顶锻These are secondary manufacturing processes where the starting raw materials are processed by any of the previous manufacturing processes described .这些是二次制造过程的起始原料处理前面的任何制造过程描述。It essentially, envolves joining pieces either permanently or temporarily so that they would perform the necessary function. 它从本质上讲,envolves加入碎片要么永久或暂时如此,他们将执行必要的功能。The joining can be achieved by either or both of heat and pressure and/or a joining material.的加入可以达到的一种或两种热量和压力和/或加入材料。Many of the steel structural constructions we see are first rolled and then joined together by a fabrication process.许多钢结构建筑,我们看到的是第一卷,然后连接在一起的工艺过程。
Some of the processes of interest in this category are gas welding, cold welding, electric arc welding, brazing, electric resistance welding, soldering, thermit welding.
一些感兴趣的过程都属于这一类气体焊接、冷焊接、电弧焊、钎焊、电阻焊、钎焊、铝热焊。
These are also secondary manufacturing processes where the additional unwanted material is removed in the form of chips from the blank material by a harder tool so as to obtain the final desired shape.这些是二次制造工艺,额外的不必要的材料去除的形式的芯片从空白材料的困难,得到了工具最终想要的形状。Material removal is normally the most expensive manufacturing process because more energy is consumed and also, a lot of waste material is generated in the process. 材料去除的通常是最昂贵的制造过程,因为更多的能量消耗,同时,大量的废弃物产生的过程。Still this is widely used because it delivers very good dimensional accuracy and good surface finish. 这仍是广泛使用的,因为它提供了非常良好的尺寸精度和良好的表面光洁度。It also generates accurate contours. Material removal processes are also called machining processes.它还生成精确的轮廓。材料去除过程也称为加工过程。
The various processes in this category are turning, grinding, drilling, broaching, shaping and planning, sowing, milling.各种流程在这个类别是车削、磨削、钻孔、扩孔、塑造和规划、播种、铣削。
All these manufacturing processes have been continuously developed so as obtain better products at a reduced cost. 所有这些制造工艺不断发展,获得更好的产品在降低成本。Of particular interest is the development of computer and their effect on the manufacturing processes.特别感兴趣的是计算机的发展及其影响制造过程。The advent of computers has remarkable difference to most of the above manufacturing processes. 电脑的出现有显著差异,最上面的制造过程。They have contributed greatly to both automation and designing the process.他们作出了巨大贡献两个自动化和设计过程
An important responsibility of the engineer is to choose a manufacturing process, which makes the required quality of a product to the specifications and at the lowest cost possible.工程师的一个重要职责是选择一个以尽可能低的成本制造出所需质量的产品的制造过程。To fulfil both the conditions, one would have to do a break-even analysis of the various processes suitable for the production of the given object.为了实现这两方面的目标，工程师必须针对给定的目标对不同的制造过程做出适当的盈亏平衡分析，
In the break-even analysis, two types of costs are considered:在盈亏平衡分析中要考虑两方面的成本，
Fixed cost relates to the initial investment on the equipment and tools required for the process. This cost would be constant and does not vary with quantity produced.固定成本与制造过程相关联的所有设备和工具的投资是固定成本，固定成本是固定的，不以产量而异，另一方面是可变成本，因实际产量不同而有差别。
Variable cost on the other hand, varies with the actual number of objects made. This takes into account the raw material required, energy consumed, labour cost, cost of special toolings, cost of tools used and other administrative overheads. requirement of these are directly proportional to the quantity produced.
可变成本计算进的所需原材料消耗、能量消耗劳动力成本、特殊工具成本和其他的行政管理费用，这些通常和产量是成比例的
The same is shown in graphical form in Fig. 1.1.Normally, as the quantity of produced decreases. This is due to the fact that the fixed cost associated with the production remains constant.
相同的显示在图形化的形式在图1.1。通常,作为生产的数量减少。这是由于这样的事实,即固定成本与生产有关保持不变。
If the engineer has to make a choice between two different processes for manufacturing the same component, he may first estimate the fixed costs and variable costs for both the processes and then plot the total cost curves for both as in Fig. 如果一位工程师必须制造同一产品的两种不同工艺做出选择，他必须首先估计两种工艺的总的固定成本和可变成本，然后绘制总成本曲线，The point where both these curves intersect is called the break-even point. 这些曲线的交点叫做盈亏平衡点，It implies that the first process will be economical if the quantity of
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版
第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂，设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外，工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语
材料成型及控制工程专业英语
Mechanical property机械性能austenitic奥氏体的martensite 马氏体 Plastic deformation塑性变形stress concentrator应力集中点bar棒材beam线材sheet板材ductile可延展的stress relief应力松弛austenitie奥氏体 martensite马氏体normalize正火temper回火anneal正火harden淬火close-die forging模锻deformation rate变形速度diffusion扩散overheat过热 Work hardening加工硬化dislocation density位错密度die模具residual strain残留应变as-forged锻造的injection mold注射模molding shop成型车间clamping force合模力grind磨削drop stamping锤上模锻nickel-base superalloy镍基合金insulation 隔热burr毛刺injection capacity注射容量deterioration变化、退化discrete不连续的abrasive磨损welding焊接metallurgical 冶金的 Formation of austenite奥氏体转变 The transformation of pearlite（珠光体）into austenite can only take place at the equilibrium critical point（临界温度）a very slow heating as follows from the Fe-C constitutional diagram（状态图）. under common conditions, the transformation is retarded and results in overheating,i.e.occurs at temperatures slightly higher than those indicated in the Fe-C diagram.
机械工程专业英语翻译 华中科技大学版 李光布
1.机械设计过程 机械设计的最终目标是生产一种满足客户需求的有用产品，而且这种产品安全，高效，可靠，经济，实用。当回答这个问题时，广泛地思考，我将要设计的产品或系统的客户是谁？ 在产品设计之前，了解所有客户的期望和期望是至关重要的。营销专业人员经常被用来管理客户期望的定义，但是设计师可能会把他们作为产品开发团队的一部分。 许多方法被用来确定客户想要什么。一种被称为质量功能部署或QFD的流行方法寻求（1）识别客户期望的所有特征和性能因素，以及（2）评估这些因素的相对重要性。QFD过程的结果是产品的一组详细功能和设计要求。 考虑设计过程如何配合为客户提供令人满意的产品所必须发生的所有功能以及在产品的整个生命周期中为产品提供服务也很重要。事实上，重要的是考虑产品在使用寿命后如何处置。影响产品的所有这些功能的总和有时被称为产品实现过程或PRP。PRP中包含的一些因素如下： ?营销功能来评估客户的要求 ?研究确定可在产品中合理使用的可用技术 ?可以包含在产品中的材料和组件的可用性 ?产品设计和开发 ?性能测试 ?设计文件 ?供应商关系和采购职能 ?考虑全球材料采购和全球营销 参加工作的技能 ?物理工厂和设施可用
?制造系统的能力 生产计划和生产系统的控制 ?生产支持系统和人员 ?质量体系要求 ?销售操作和时间表 ?成本目标和其他竞争性问题 ?客户服务要求 ?产品在生产，操作和处置过程中的环境问题 ?法律要求 ?金融资本的可用性 你可以添加到这个列表吗？您应该能够看到，产品的设计只是综合过程的一部分。在本文中，我们将更加注意设计过程本身，但必须始终考虑设计的可生产性。产品设计和制造过程设计的同时考虑通常被称为并行工程。 2.机械设计所需的技能 产品工程师和机械设计师在日常工作中使用广泛的技能和知识。这些技能和知识包含在以下内容中： ?素描，技术制图和计算机辅助设计 ?材料的性质？材料加工*和制造过程 ?化学的应用，如腐蚀防护，电镀和喷漆 静力学动力学材料的强度，运动学和机制 流体力学，热力学和传热 ?流体动力，电气现象的基本原理和工业控制
土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译
第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品，因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域，土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构，包括桥梁，大坝，发电厂，设备支撑，海面上的特殊结构，美国太空计划，发射塔，庞大的天文和无线电望远镜，以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力：自重，风荷载和飓风荷载，建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩，以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋，混凝土，塑料，石头，沥青，砖，铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害，提供城市用水和灌溉用水，管理控制河流和水流物，维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外，他们设计和维护海港，运河与水闸，建造大型水利大坝与小型坝，以及各种类型的围堰，帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降，并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中，土木工程师设计，建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水，同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计，建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
材料成型及控制工程专业英语及翻译
最新消息1-2 the benefits of civilization which we enjoy today are essentially due to the improved quality of products available to us .文明的好处我们享受今天本质上是由于改进质量的产品提供给我们。the improvement in the quality of goods can be achieved with proper design that takes into consideration the functional requirement as well as its manufacturing aspects. 提高商品的质量可以达到与适当的设计,考虑了功能要求以及其制造方面。The design process that would take proper care of the manufacturing process as well would be the ideal one. This would ensure a better product being made available at an economical cost.设计过程中,将采取适当的照顾的生产过程将是理想的一个。这将确保更好的产品被使可得到一个经济成本。 Manufacturing is involved in turning raw materials to finished products to be used for some purpose. 制造业是参与将原材料到成品用于某些目的。In the present age there have been increasing demands on the product performance by way of desirable exotic properties such as resistance to high temperatures, higher speeds and extra loads.在现在的时代已经有越来越多的产品性能要求的理想的异国情调的性能如耐高温,更高的速度和额外的负载These in turn would require a variety of new materials and its associated processing.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理Also, exacting working conditions that are desired in the modern industrial operations make large demands on the manufacturing industry.这些反过来需要各种新材料及其相关的处理。同时,严格的工作环境,需要在现代工业操作使大型制造业的需求. Further, the economics of the manufacturing operation is a very important consideration. 此外,经济学的生产操作是一个非常重要的考虑因素。To be viable in the modern environment, a product has to be competitively priced besides having the functional and aesthetic appeal.是可行的在现代环境中,一个产品必须具有价格竞争力除了具有功能性和审美情趣。Therefore, it is necessary for the engineer to give a proper thought to various aspects of manufacturing.因此,它是必要的让工程师给适当的认为制造业的各个方面。 Manufacturing processes is a very fundamental subject since it is of interest not only to mechanical engineers but also to those from practically every discipline of engineering. 制造过程是一个非常基本的主题,因为它是有趣的,不仅机械工程师但同样从几乎每个学科的工程。It is so because engineering as a whole is meant for providing various materials for human consumption.它是如此因为工程作为一个整体是用来提供各种材料供人类食用For various products such as plant machinery required for chemical, civil, electrical, electronic, textile, etc., the manufacturing process forms a vital ingredient.对于不同的产品,如植物机械所需的化工、土木、电气、电子、纺织等,生产过程形成一个至关重要的因素. A detailed understanding of the manufacturing processes is thus essential for every engineer. 详细了解生产流程是必不可少的每个工程师这样。This helps him appreciate the capabilities, advantages and also the limitations of the various manufacturing processes.这有助于他欣赏能力、优势和局限性,各生产工序。This in turn helps in the proper design of any product required for him.这反过来有助于正确的设计的任何产品需要他。Firstly, he would be able to assess the feasibility of manufacturing from his designs.首先,他将能够评估制造的可行性从他的设计。He may also find out that there more than one process available for manufacturing a particular product and so he can make a proper choice of the process which would require the lowest manufacturing cost and would deliver the product of desired quality. 他可能也发现有超过一种过程用于生产特定的产品,所以他可以使一个适当的选择过程,需要最低的制造成本和交付产品的期望质量。He may also modify his design slightly to suit the particular manufacturing process he chooses.也可以修改自己的设计稍微适应特定的制造过程他选择. Manufacturing is defined by the Merriam Webster online dictionary as to make into a product suitable to use. 制造业是梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特词典定义的在线词典使成一个产品适合使用。Manufacturing remained as a craft till the first industrial revolution towards the end of the 18th century with low volumes and single-piece productions.制造业仍然作为一个工艺直到第一次工业革命对18世纪末的低量和单件生产。 It required highly skilled craftsmen to individually produce the pieces and fit them when the assembly was required. 它需要高度熟练的工匠来单独生产件和适合他们的需要时组装。。This was a slow and expensive process , but in the absence of any machines, that was the only thing that was possible.这是一个缓慢而昂贵的过程,但在缺乏任何机器,这是唯一可能的。 The availability of the steam engine and coal-fire furnaces made the invention of a number of steam-power driven machinery to greatly increase the manufacturing capacity. 蒸汽引擎的可用性和煤火熔炉使发明一种数量的全局驱动机械制造能力大大增加。A large number of inventions related to machine tools took place during this
土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译
土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020
Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and
土木工程专业英语
non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数
机械工程专业英语翻译合集
1.我们可以把钢再次加热到临界温度以下的某一温度，然后在慢慢让其冷却。We can heat the steel again to a temperature below the critical temperature, then cool it slowly. 2.无论任何简单的机床，都是由单一元件即通称为机械零件或部件组成的。However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts. 3.这些金属不都是好的导体。 All these metals are not good conductors. 4. 在做带电实验的时候，再怎么小心都不为过。 You can't be too careful in performing an experiment. 5.利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator or dynamo. 6.假定电源输入的电压保持不变。 Assume that the voltage input of the power supply remains the same. 7.化石燃料是发电过程中最为频繁使用的能源。 Fossil fuels are most frequently used source daring the power generation process. 8单个机械零件的可靠性成为评估整台机器使用寿命的基本因素。 The individual reliability of machine elements becomes the basis for estimating the overall life 9.说我们生活在一个电子时代，这一点都不夸张。 It's no exaggeration to say that we live in an electronic age. 10.发动机的转速不应超过最大允许值。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible. 11.如能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢的竞争能力就会增强。（Electrolytic hydrogen）。 If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive. 12.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 13.远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。 High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use. 14.铝的电阻大约是同等尺寸的铜的1.5倍。 The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions = size 15.In fact,it is impossible for no force to be exerted on a body,since in this world everything is subject to the for ce of gravity. 事实上，物体不受外力作用是不可能的，因为在这个世界上任何物体都要受到重力的作用。 16.In a thermal power plant,all the chemical energy is not
土木工程专业英语修正版
Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the