高中英语语法讲义——名词

高中英语语法讲义——名词

名词的数

单数名词变复数名词的常用法则

（1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees.

（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes.

（3）以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词把-y 改为-i 再加-es. 如：stories, countries.

（4）以-o 结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑．人．英．雄．在回．声．中吃土．豆．、西．红．柿．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes.

下列以-o 结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros （zeroes）零, mosquitos （mosquitoes）蚊子, volcanos （volcanoes）火山。

（5）以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把 f 或fe 去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自．己．活命．，小．偷．和他的妻．子．手里拿着刀．子．和一．片．树．叶．站在架．子．上，把狼．劈成了两

半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves.

但下列以-f 结尾的名词既可变 f 为v 后加-es，也可直接在 f 后加-s ，它们是：handkerchiefs

（handkerchieves）手帕，scarfs （scarves）围巾。

（6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law 女婿；passers-by 过路人；storytellers 讲故事的人；housewives 家庭主妇。（7）“ man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman 和中心词都要变复数。

men teachers 男老师women engineers 女工程师

（8）不规则复数形式

①变内部元音

foot-feet man-men

woman-women tooth-teeth

mouse-mice goose-geese

gentleman-gentlemen

②单复数同形的名词

sheep deer spacecraft 太空船

aircraft 飞行器Chinese Japanese

Swiss 瑞士人means 方法

crossroads十字路口species 种类headquarters总部series 连续

works 工厂

③外来名词的复数形式

criterion-criteria 标准

phenomenon-phenomena 现象analysis-analyses 分析

basis-bases基础crisis-crises 危机

thesis-theses论文bacterium-bacteria 细菌medium-media 媒体

④fish 表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数为fishes ，而表示同一种鱼时，其复数形式与单数形式相同。

There are many different fishes in this river.

I bought five fish today.

⑤penny 当做便士的“价值”解时复数为pence，常与数词搭配来表示钱数：five pence ；当做便士

的“个数”解时复数为pennies.

⑥people 指“人”时是person 的一种复数形式，指“名族”时其复数为peoples.

one person two people

a people two peoples

用所给词的适当形式填空

( 1) He gained his ________ (wealthy) by printing _____ (work) of famous writers.

( 2) ________ (leaf) turn green in spring.

名词的格

1. '所s有格及加-'s 词尾的规则

主要用在有生命的名词后，但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。

2. of

3. 双重所有格

构成与用法

构成：名词+of+ 名词+'s; 名词+of+ 名词性物主代词

例：this watch of my father 's

some students of mine

用法（1）：表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分” ，突出局部。在of 短语所修饰的名词前往往有一个表示数量的词。如：a、some、few 、no?

例： a friend of Tom 's

any work of Zhang Yu 's

用法（2）：表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩。一般o f 所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词。如：this、that、these、those等

例：I hated those words of Mary 's

I like this bike of my brother 's

用所给名词的适当形式填空

（3）The _____ （girl） shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got

into ______ （Tom） car.

（4）Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at the _____ （Turner）.

答案：( 1) wealth; works ( 2) Leaves( 3) girl s'; Tom's( 4)Turners'

高频考点要求学生掌握复习名词的构成，不可数名词、名词所有格及常见名词后缀。未来几年对于名词主要考查复数名词的构成、名词所有格及名词构词法。

在语法填空的此类转换考查中，要根据语境和设空前的修饰词去判断空格处是不是需要所给单词的名词形式，然后判断名词的单复数，做出正确回答。

名词练习(一)

1.One of the most effective ways to reduce _____ (stressful) is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.

2. —Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave .

—I 'd like tob,ut I 'm afraid she won 't be happy w_it_h_ m__y_ ___(apologize ).

3.Some school will have to make __________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

4. _________________________________________________________ T here is no need to tell me your answer now .Give it some ___________________________________________ (think) and then let me know .

5. ___________________________________________________ When he was running after his brother ,the boy lost his _________________________________________________ and had a bad fall.

6. ________________________________________ He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went carry out the secret task.

7. Why not buy a second- hand car first if you don ' t have enough money for a new one ?

---- That ' s a good ________ (suggest).

8. Her _______ (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

9. _________________________________________________________ W henever I made mistakes ,the teacher pointed them out with _________________________________________ (patient).

10. _______________________________________ While she was in Paris ,she developed a (tasty) for fine art .

11. ____________ Your (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

12. —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

---Well, you know, English is my ________ (strong ). So it is my best choice.

13. __________________________________________________________________ You ' d better write down the

phone number of that restaurant for future __________________________________ (refer).

14. ______________ My first (impress ) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man .

15. ________________________________________________________ G iving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________________________________________ (commit) ,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made .

16. ________________________________________________________________________________ Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional __________________ (competent).

名词练习(二)

1.Nowadays,an increasing number museums are open to visitors free, However ,free ________ (admit ) might lead

to some social problems as well .

2.Old people still want to see classic performances ,but they are obviously not the young generation c'ups of

3. _____________________________________________________________ Now that the banks are back on their feet ,we expect extraordinary _______________________________________ (commit) from them to help rebuild

the economy .

4. _______________________________________________ After three years of hard work ,his knowledge and

________________________________________________ (competent) were finally recognized in his school.

5. _____________________________________________________________ For sustainable development ,the government has decided to give ____________________________________ (prefer) to those energy-conserving

and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects .

6. —Mr.Wang is a man of few words, but quick in mind .

---- A still tongue makes a wise ________ ,you know .

7. ________________ Due to the (apply ) of this medical technology , some diseases can be treated at an early stage .

8. ____________________________________ Zhangzhou City has gained a good (repute) for having successful hosted the Flower Expo.

9. _______________________________________________________ The video, Under the Dome, has rapidly pushed the public __________________________________________ (aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.

10. ____________________________________________________________ After-living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an ________________________________________ (affect ) for the city .

11.If a young man wants the _______ (flexible) to move to different cities in future years ,he should keep renting

instead of buying a house .

名词练习(三)

It was late at night.Two__1__(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly ，one of them，Mrs. Green，was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three__2__(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “ What sh？ouMlda nI yd_o_3__(thief) usually bring__4__(knife) with them ，” she thought in__5__(silent) ．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a__6__(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room ，so he went out to the next room where two__7__(Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for__8__(money) or some(jewel)__9__in the next room ，Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the__10__(policeman) ．And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away ，the police caught him.

For Mrs. Green ， it was really an unusual experience.

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

名词练习答案（一）

13. reference 14.impression https://www.360docs.net/doc/693364021.html,mitment https://www.360docs.net/doc/693364021.html,petence

名词练习答案（二）

1. admission

2.tea

3. commitment

4. competence

5. preference

名词练习答案（三）

[ 语篇解读 ] 本文为记叙文。讲述了史密斯夫人晚上配合警方抓贼的故事。

1．解析：设空处前有数词 two ，故设空处需用名词复数形式。 German 的复数为 Germans 。 答案： Germans 2．解析：诸如 hundred ，thousand ，million ， billion 等名词，无论前面是 one 还是大于 one 的数词，都需要 用单数形式。

答案： thousand

3．解析：由前面的 many 可知应用复数。 thief 的复数为 thieves 。答案： thieves

4．解析： knife 是可数名词，由语境可知此处应用复数形式表泛指。 knife 的复数为 knives 。答案： knives 5．解析：介词后需用名词。 in silence 为固定词组，意为：静静地。答案： silence 6．解析：名词作定语时一般用单数形式， 但下列名词需用复数形式， 它们是： sports ，customs （海关 ），arms ， clothes ， sales 。答案： sports

7．解析： Frenchman 的复数为 Frenchmen 。答案： Frenchmen

8．解析： money 为不可数名词。答案： money

9．解析： jewel 的复数为 jewels ；jewelry 为不可数名词，表示 jewel 的总称。答案： jewels/jewelry 10．解析： police 可以表示 “警方，警察部门 ”。 call the police 叫警察，报警。 答案： police

1.stress

2.apology/ apologies

3.adjustments

4.though

5.balance

6.identity

7.suggestion

8.motivation 9.patience 10.taste

11.performance 12.strength 6.head 7. application 8. reputation 9. awareness 10. affection 11. flexibility