完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气
考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；
2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；
考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如:
考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，
与过去事实相反：had + done；
与现在事实相反：动词过去式；
与将来事实相反：could/would + do
考点7：would rather/sooner从句中
使用一般过去式或过去完成式
分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟
考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
语法考点之二：情态动词
*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）
考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：
（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测）
（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法
考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测
(1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
(2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。
(3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
(4) ought to / should have done 和ought not to / shouldn’t have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”
(5) needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。
*did not need to do 动作并没发生。
考点2. 特殊用法
(1) should 表示惊讶
1. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.2006
A. that you should think
B. by what you are thinking
C. that you would think
D. with what you were thinking
(2) Can’t but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Can’t help +Ving忍不住。
(3) cannot … too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”
(4) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better
(5) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能”
(6) may as well as还是…好了
语法考点之三：非谓语动词
考点1：不定式
(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；
(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；
Had better/had best
Would rather/would rather … than/rather than/would sooner/would sooner…than
Cannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than
Why引导的疑问句
(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：
进行式to be doing,
完成式to have done;
一般式被动语态to be done;
完成式被动语态to have been done。
另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；
考点2：动名词
(1)常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险),
resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议) (2)介词后的ing：
prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做…
spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；
how /what about doing sth 做…怎么样了？
Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困难；
There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)
Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人(3)接动名词做介词to 的宾语：
apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于
考点3：分词
(1)从语态上看，
现在分词一般表主动，
过去分词一般表被动；
(2)从时态上看，
现在分词表示进行，
过去分词表示过去。
如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。
（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。
*非谓语动词解题三步曲：
一、首先确定主句；
二、分析主动被动；
三、分析动作先后
1. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010
A. To be not tall
B. Not being tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not to be tall
2. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009
A. the man who has prepared the documents...
B. the man who has been preparing the documents...
C. the man who is preparing the documents...
D. the man who will prepare the documents...
3. ______ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000
A. Looking
B. looked
C. Being looked
D. to look
4. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-
A. being treated
B. treated
5. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
6. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______in sufficiently poplar with all members.1996
A. having considered
B. was considered
C. was being considered
D. being considered
7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder______ out and three men climbing down it. 1995
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. having thrown
D. having been thrown
8. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995
A. fired
B. being fired
C. they fired
D. having fired
考点4：独立主格
（句中没有连接词，
逗号分开两个句子，
存在两个主语。
形式：名词/代词＋分词）。
(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因
(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明
1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
2. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
3. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. be
4. _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996
A. There was
B. Since
C. Being
D. There being
5. The country’s chief exports ar e coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ______the most important of these. 1994
A. have been
B. are
C. being
D. are being
6. The tape recorder___ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990
A. was
B. Being
C. has been
D. was being
语法考点之四：定语从句
关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;
做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）
考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that
(1) 只能用who不用that：
1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those时；
2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：
1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _______ he was twenty years ago. 2003
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which
(1) 只能用that不用which：
1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
1. I was very interested in _____ she told me.2009
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. That
2. There is no one in the world ______.1991
A. that ever made mistakes
B. that has ever made mistakes
C. that never makes mistakes
D. that sometimes makes mistakes
(2) 只能用which不用that:
1) 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which;
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词, 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected. 2003
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
2. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ____should make great differences in our life next summer.2002
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. They
考点3：介词+关系代词(which/ whom)
(1) 关系代词前介词的确定方法：定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。
1. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006
A. by which
B. for which
C. to which
D. at which
2. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.1999
A. I’d most like to visit
B. which I like to visit mostly
C. where I like to visit
D. I’d like much to visit
3.I have never been to London, but that is the city ________.1997
A. where I like to visit most
B. I'd most like to visit.
C. which I like to visit mostly
D. where I'd like most to visit
(2) Whose从句
1. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003
A. where
B. of whose
C. whose
D. which
考点4：关系副词的运用
⑴先行词为“时间的名词”用when
1. She remembered several occasions in the past ____she had experienced a similar feeling.1998
A. which
B. before
C. that
D. when
⑵先行词为“表示地点的名词”用where
1. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. Where
⑶先行词为“表示原因的名词”why：reason＋why…（表示原因的名词只有一个）
考点5：as与which引导的定语从句
as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as:
1) 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2) 当与such as或the same连用时，一般用as。
3) as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制：
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了，正如大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
1. Only take these clothes ______really necessary.1994
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
2. _____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. As
注意：
定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。
He is one of the teachers who know English well.
He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊)
语法考点之五：状语从句
考点1：时间状语从句
连接词：when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner ..than hardly…when等
(1) whenever
1. Come and see me whenever _____. (1997)
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
(2) No sooner than/ hardly ..when/ scarcely..when 一.就..用于句首要求倒装
1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.2009
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. Than
考点2：条件状语从句
连接词：if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as (据..所知), provided that（要是，如果），in case(假使，如果)，only if（只有）等
only if只有
1.____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region.2004
A. Only if, will
unless 除非
1. You won’t get a loan ______ you can offer some s ecurity.1996
A. lest
B. in case
C. unless
D. other than
2. ___ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995
A. Unless
B. As
C. Though
D. Since
考点3：原因状语从句
连接词：Because, since, as (放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于）, when(既然), considering that（顾及到---）, seeing that（由于），in that 因为, 既然
1. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.2008
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
2. Barry has an advantage over his mother ____ he could speak French. (2001)
A. since that
B. in that
C. at that
D. so that
考点4：让步状语从句
连接词:though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while等引导。
(1) while 尽管
1. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the diff iculties. 2001
A. as long as
B. as
C. while
D. even
(2) as/though引导让步状从倒装
As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
此时应注意：
一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；
Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.
二、若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)。
Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far.
三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。
四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。
1. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2010/2002
A. who
B. as
C. like
D. that
2. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005
A. Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Being a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
Even if 即使，让步
(3) much as 虽然，尽管
1. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.2008
A. Much though
B. Much as
C. As much
D. Though much
2. _______I like economics I like sociology much better.2003
A. As much as
B. So much
C. How much
D. Much as
3. ____ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)
A. Much as
B. Much though
C. As much
D. though much
(4) for all+n 尽管
1. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997)
A. Instead of his contributions
B. For all his notable contributions
C. His making notable contributions
D. However his notable contributions
(5) however+adj./adv.
1. ____ he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999)
A. However the task is hard
B. However hard the task is
C. Though hard the task is
D. Though hard is the task
考点5：地点状语从句: where/ wherever（wherever --- 无论哪里）
考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：
Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
考点6：方式状语从句
1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed. 2002
A. as
B. until
C. when
D. though
考点7：结果状语从句
连接词：so that (=in order to), so…that, such…that（太…以至于）
(1) so much so that 到这样程度以致…
1. -----Does Alan like limburgers?2003
-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats them every day.
A. for
B. as
C. to
D. so
(2) such that达到这样的程度以致
1. The brilliance of his satires was _____make even his victims laugh. 1996
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. so that
D. such that
考点8：目的状语从句
连接词：so that, in order that, for fear that（为了防止）, lest（以防）
1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006
A. ought to have
B. must have
C. may have
D. should have
语法考点之六：名词从句
一、、常见考点：
考点1：主语从句
(1) that引导主语从句句型：
that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将that引导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型：
1) It is +过去分词+ that从句：It is reported th at… It is believed that… It is generally thought that… It should be noted that… It has been found that… It must be pointed out that…
同样可用的动词还有: say, expect, know, estimate, forecast
2) It is +形容词+ that从句：It is clear that… It is likely that… It is possible that… It is natural that… It is certain that… It is strange that… It is fortunate that… It is necessary that…
3) It is +名词短语+ that从句：It is a pity that… It is a fact that… It is good news that… It is a good thing that… It is no wonder that… It is a shame that… It is an honor that… It is common knowledge that… It is my belief that… It is a miracle that…
4) It +不及物动词+that 从句：It seems that…; It follows that…; It happens that…; It turns out that…; It comes about that…
5) 其他结构：It dawns upon/ on s b that…; It occurs to sb that…; It makes no difference that…; It doesn’t need to be bothered that…; It is of little consequence that…
(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。
考点2：宾语从句
what/whatever/whoever/whomever
whoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。
1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever
D. However
2. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area. (2004)
A. however
B. whichever
C. whatever
D. wherever
A. how little
C. such little money
D. what little money
She gave him what money she had.
You may bring what photos you like.
what用作关系形容词，通常与表示少量含义的little，few连用(注：不能与表示多量含义的many，much连用)，表示“虽然少，但把所有的都??”。例如：
The scholar spent what little money he had on books.
I spent what little time I had with my family．
I will give what little help I can．
“It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give$5 and$10 and $20 to the cause.”
4. After ___seemed an endle ss wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (1999)
A. that
B. there
C. what
D. it
5. We can assign the task to _____ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)
A. whomever
B. who
C. whom
D. Whoever
考点3：表语从句
(1) 表语从句通常是置于系动词，尤其是is后边。
1. Quality is ____ counts most.2008
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
考点4：同位语从句
(1) “名词+that +陈述句”句型：
(2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether
1. There is no doubt ____ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001)
A. why
B. that
C. whether
D. when
语法考点串讲之七：主谓一致
1) “就远原则”:在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。
1. Mr Wells, together with all
A. are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. Leave
2) 就近原则：neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。
1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today.2003
A. neither you nor I are
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am
D. neither me nor you are
3) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 谓语动词用单数。注意：more 复数名词+than one 用复数，More members than one are against your plan.
4) 由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:bread and butter, bread and cheese, a knife and fork, a cart and horse, needle and thread, law and order, fish and chips, meat and potatoes
5)如果主语由“the＋形容词”结构担任时,表示一类人，为复数概念，谓语用复数。
6) people, police, cattle, militia是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形, 动词根据名词的单复数决定。
7) 常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。
8) 形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若statistics不表示学科，而表示“统计数据”时，则需要复数。
1. The statistics___that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving
D. prove
9) 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
1. All the President’s Men ______ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.2007
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained
D. is remaining
10) “数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致
只与可数名词连用只接单数的Each
Every
单数谓语
只接复数的 A couple of，
Several,
A number of
复数谓语
只与不可数名词连用A great deal of，
A large amount of
单数谓语
与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可Not any, Some, A
lot of, Plenty of,
Most, all, a pair
of
接可数复数名词时用复数
谓语；接不可数名词时用
单数谓语。
语法考点之八：倒装句
考点1：全部倒装
(1) 在以now, down, away, here, there 等副词开头的句子里。
There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.
Now comes your turn.
(2) 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
考点2：部分倒装
(1) Only+状语位于句首时
Only in this way can we make great progress.
(2) 否定副词及短语位于句首时。
常考的词或词语有not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。
1. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.2009
A. she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
(3) so\ neither\ nor 位于句首时。
1. So +助动词+主语：…也一样。
2. So +主语+助动词：…确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same) with sb
1. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.2009
A. So is it.
B. So it is.
C. So it does.
D. So does it.
3. Neither 和Nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也没有”。Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语
1. He is not under arrest, _____ any restriction on him. (1995)
A. or the police have placed
B. or have the police placed
C. nor the police have placed
D. nor have the police placed
(4) 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。
1. So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (1994)
A. did he injure
B. injured him
C. was he injured
D. he was injured
(5) not only … but also…; not...until 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)
1. Not until a monkey is several years old__ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. (1991)
A. it does begin
B. when it begins
C. does it begin
D. before it begins
语法考点之九：反义疑问句
1）情态动词：
(1) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do；
反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。
1. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __? 2006
A. didn’t it
B. doesn’t there
C. usedn’t it?
D. di dn’t there
(2) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。
(3) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?
2) 祈使句的反义疑问句：
(1) do..., don't...?; don't..., do...,?
1. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?2008
A. do you
B. don't you
C. will you
D. won't you
2. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, _____? 1997
A. do you
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. Won’t you
3. Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you?2000
A. can’t
B. don’t
C. wouldn’t
D. won’t
3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
1. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?2010
A. doesn't she
B. does she
C. would she
D. wouldn't she
4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式
5) 复合句的反疑疑问句
(1) 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定
1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______? 2003
A. hadn’t she
B. hasn’t she
C. wouldn’t she
D. didn’t she
(2) 上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句：前肯定句，后用否定句；前有否定句，后面附加问句用肯定。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
语法考点之十：形容词比较级和比较结构
考点1：原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ;
1. There are as good fish in the sea _____ ever came out of it.2007
A. than
B. like
C. as
D. so
考点2：A is to B what / as X is Y ;
1. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.2008
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. Intellect is to the mind ____ sight is to the body. (2001)
A. what
B. as
C. that
D. Like
3. Twelve is to three four is to one.1998
A. what
B. As
C. That
D. like
考点3：倍数或几分之几
“A + be + X times + 计量形容词比较级+ than + B ”
“A + be + X times + as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B”。
1. Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _______ they did before their diet. 1993
A.more than
B.as many as
C.much than
D.as much as
“A + be + X times + the + 计量名词+ of + B
1. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. 2009
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
2. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.2008
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of
考点4：
(1) more than “不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。
1. It was ____ we had hoped.2006
A. more a success than
B. a success more than
C. as much of a success as
D. a success as much as
(2) more of a +可数名词单数+than 更称得上
1. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ____than Tim2005.
A. much more sportsman
B. more of a sportsman
C. more of sportsman
D. more a sportsman
(3) not … any more than和…同样都不
1. Fat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.1999
A. any more than
B. no more than
C. no less than
D. much more than
(4) not more ….than 不超过；前者不如后者
1. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.2007
A. no more
B. not more
C. even more
D. much more
(5) no less than = as much as
1. John is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.1998
A. no less
B. no more
C. not less
D. no so
考点5：在more … than 结构中，than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what…
1. The research requires more money than _______. 2007
A. have been put in
B. has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ________ in the public mind today.1999
A. Exists
B. Exist
C. Existing
D. to exist
考点6：as much as
Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner__ to the professor.
A as far as
B the same as
C as much as
D as long as
考点7：not …so much as与其说，不如说
1. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.2007
A. that
B. as
C. so
D. very
2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loud ness ____ by his lack of talent.2004
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as
D. than
3. It is not so much the language ______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.1999
A. but
B. nor
C. as
D. like
考点8 the more …the more
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ______ to the truck.
A. the greater stress is
B. greater is the stress
C. the stress is greater
D. the greater the stress
【英语】 英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析
【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。
英语语法习题及解析
高考英语语法练习题精选 1. --Hello, this is . A. How are you? B. Will you come tonight? C. Can I take a mesage? D. Is that Mike? 2. Tom suggested that we __________such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _________of great importance. A. not hold ; should be B. didn't hold ; be C. hold ; was D. not hold ; was 3. You should take the medicine after you read the __________. A. lines B. instructions C. words D. suggestions 4. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I__________ the living-room all day. A. painted B. have been painting C. had painted D. have painted 5. I'm sorry. I _____________ you__________ to me. A. don't know; are speaking B. don't know ;were speaking C. didn't know; were speaking D. didn't know; are speaking 6. "Please __________why you're so late," said his girlfriend. A. excuse B. explain C. apologize D. tell 7. The rescue team made every __________ to find the missing mountain climber.
经典英语语法讲解解析
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
英语专四语法总结
1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。 3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。 例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！” 4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句：All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。 例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。
初中英语语法知识—并列连词的经典测试题及解析(5)
一、选择题 1．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 2．Tony is English ________ he is thirteen years old. A．but B．and C．or D．so 3．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 4．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．Plan ahead for everything, _______ you will have a hurry life. A．and B．or C．for D．but 6．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 7．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 8．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 9．Lucy is my classmate,_______ she is twelve too. A．because B．but C．so D．and 10．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 11．He speaks English French. He speaks Chinese. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 12．The UK is a small__________beautiful country. A．and B．but C．so 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but C．and ,but D．but, and 15．—Let’s talk about the result of the survey. —________ many students like to watch sports shows, ________ game shows are the most popular. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; although D．But; /
英语专四语法试题
英语语法试题 2 51. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help. A) whether C) so that B) unless D) in case 52. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A) that C) what B) it D) which 53. _________ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A) Hardly had he begun C) Not until he began B) No sooner had he begun D) Scarcely did he begin 54. I will give this dictionary to _________ wants to have it. A) whomever C) whoever B) someone D) anyone 55. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen. A) even though C) now that B) just because D) as though 56. Water will continue to be _________ it is today ------- next in importance to oxygen. A) how C) as B) which D) what 57. Prof. Lee’s book will show you _________ can be used in other contexts. A) that you have observed C) how that you have observed B) that how you have observed D) how what you have observed 58. You can arriv e in Beijing earlier for the meeting _________ you don’t mind taking the night train. A) provided C) though B) unless D) until 59. Most electronic devices of this kind, _______ manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed. A) that are C) which is B) as are D) it is 60. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn. A) what C) which B) that D) such 61. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _________ obtaining water is not the least. A) of which C) on which B) for what D) in which 62. _________ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A) What C) It B) That D) As 63. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ________ it provides the building blocs from which the other elements are produced. A) so that C) in that B) but that D) provided that 64. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ________ she could remember who last borrowed it. A) ever since C) even though B) much as D) if only
【英语】英语语法填空练习题20篇含解析
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初中英语语法知识—名词的经典测试题含答案(3)
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完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容
完整版专四英语语法 考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do； 考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。 考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。 考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句， 与过去事实相反：had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反：could/would + do 考点7：would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
英语语法填空练习题及答案
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【英语】高二英语语法填空模拟试题含解析
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初中英语语法知识—名词的经典测试题附解析(5)
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 3．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’4．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 5．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 6．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 7．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.