船舶发电机主开关综合保护实验装置设计

摘要

船舶电站是船舶电力系统最重要的部分，而船舶发电机是船舶电站的核心，其运行状态决定了整个船舶电力系统的安全运行。随着船舶电站逐渐智能化、大型化，船舶电站的负荷功率越来越大，对船舶发电机的要求也越来越高。确保船舶主开关的安全、可靠、优质和经济运行是船舶建造和运营的基本任务之一。因此，船舶发电机主开关综合保护装置尤为重要。

文章主要介绍船舶电力系统运行中可能出现的各种异常状态和故障，异常运行状态主要有过载、失压、欠压、逆功率等。设计一套船舶主开关综合保护实验装置，用于发电机主开关的过载保护、失欠压保护、逆功率保护的综合实验。采取有效措施避免异常运行状态的发生和准备一套异常运行状态发生时的应急处理措施。当电力系统出现故障或发生不正常状态时，保护装置能迅速切断故障，保障船舶安全稳定运行。

关键词：船舶电站，发电机主开关，PLC，智能保护

Ship power station is the most important part of ship power system and the guarantee of ship safe operation. Ship generator is the core of ship power station. Its operation state determines the operation of the whole ship power system. With the gradual intellectualization and large～scale of ship power station, the load power of ship power station is increasing, and the requirement of ship generator is becoming higher and higher. Therefore, the integrated protection device for the main switch of marine generator is particularly important. Ensuring the safe, reliable and economical operation of the main switch is one of the most basic tasks in ship construction and operation.

This paper mainly introduces all kinds of abnormal states and faults that may occur in the operation of marine power system. The abnormal operation states mainly include overload, voltage loss, undervoltage, reverse power and so on. A set of experimental device for comprehensive protection of marine main switch is designed, which is used for comprehensive experiments of overload protection, undervoltage protection and reverse power protection of generator main switch. Take effective measures to avoid the occurrence of abnormal operation and prepare a set of emergency measures when abnormal operation occurs. When the power system fails or abnormal state occurs, the protection device can quickly cut off the fault and ensure the safe and stable operation of the ship.

Key words：S hip power station，Generator main switch，PLC，Intelligent protection

前言 (1)

1. 船舶电站及发电机主开关介绍 (2)

1.1 船舶电站 (2)

1.2 船舶发电机主开关 (3)

1.2.1 船舶发电机主开关的主要组成 (3)

1.2.2 船舶发电机主开关的工作原理 (4)

1.2.3 船舶发电机主开关的常见故障 (5)

1.3 船舶发电机主开关综合保护装置的国内研究现状和趋势 (5)

2.综合保护实验装置功能设计和介绍 (6)

2.1 综合保护实验装置的功能介绍 (6)

2.2 四种常见保护的原理 (6)

2.2.1短路保护 (6)

2.2.2逆功率保护 (7)

2.2.3欠压保护 (7)

2.2.4过载保护 (7)

2.3 综合保护实验装置的功能设计 (8)

2.3.1 短路保护设计 (8)

2.3.2 逆功率保护设计 (9)

2.3.3欠压保护设计 (10)

2.3.4 过载保护设计 (11)

3综合实验装置的软硬件设计 (13)

3.1 综合实验装置的硬件设计 (13)

3.2 综合实验装置的软件设计 (13)

3.2.1上位PC机控制软件设计 (14)

3.2.2单片机控制系统的软件设计 (14)

3.2.3键盘显示单元程序设计 (16)

结论与展望 (21)

致谢 (22)

参考文献 (23)