学考复习专题01-冠词 学生学案

学考复习专题01-冠词 学生学案
学考复习专题01-冠词 学生学案

专题一冠词

重难点分析

冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,不能单独使用,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。

历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。

一、冠词的位置

考点示例

1 such/what/many/rather/quite + a(n) +形容词+单数可数名词quite a small house, such a little boy

2 how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n) +单数可数名词so nice a girl

3 both/all/half/twice/double + the+名词twice the size of the room

4 half a(n)或a half+单数可数名词half an hour / a half hour

二、不定冠词

考点示例

1 表示泛指,与any同义 A square has four sides. 正方形有四边。

2 表示数量“一”,与one同义,但其数的概念不如one

强烈He will be back in a week. 一周后,他就会回来了。

3 表示一类人或东西,与the same同义Bird of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以

群分。

4 表示“每一个”,与every, each, per同义I visit my father once a month. 我一个月见一次

我爸爸。

5 表示“某一”,与a certain同义 A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位斯密斯

先生在等着要见你。

6 表示“像……似的”,与like同义He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班上的雷

锋。

7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一

场”等We had a heavy rain last night. 我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。

8 用在某些抽象名词前,使其具体化You are a great help to your mother. 你帮了你母

亲一个大忙。

三、定冠词

考点示例

1 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受

定语修饰的人或物There I met a foreigner, and the foreigner helped me a lot. Do you know the man standing by the window?

2 用于单数名词前,指一类事物The lion is a wild animal.

3 用于乐器名称前play the violin/piano

4 用于世界上独一无二的事物前the sun, the earth, the moon

5 与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich, the poor, the young, the aged

6 用在序数词和最高级前the first one to come to school, the best student in our class

7 在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名

中The Changjiang River, the West Lake, the English Channel

8 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复

数前

the Browns, in the 1980s

9 在表示国家的形容词前,泛指该国的人民the Chinese, the English

10 用在一些习惯用语中in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the day before

yesterday, the next year

四、零冠词

考点示例

1 专有名词和不可数名词前China, America, Grade One, Class Two, air, money, water

2 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any等Go down this street.

3 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students.

I like reading stories.

4 成对名词连用时day after day, face to face

5 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前play basketball, play chess, like physics, speak English, at

lunch

6 在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的节假日

等名词前Autumn is the best season in Beijing. In May, New Year’s Day, on Sunday

7 在某些习惯用语中的名词前at noon, by bus, by telephone, in bed, in time, go to bed,

go to college

五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析

英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。

1. in front of 在……(外)的前面;in the front of在……(内)的前面

There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。(外)

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。(内)

2. in charge of 掌管、负责;in the charge of 在……负责之下

An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。

The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。

3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时;at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。

They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。

4. by day 白天、日间;by the day 按日计

He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。

5. take place 发生、举行;take the place (of) 代替、接替

When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的?

Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家,电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。

6. in words 用语言;in a word 总之

Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。

In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之,我不相信你。

7. at times 有时、不时;at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。

Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。

8. little 少、不多的;a little 一些、一点儿

Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点,时间不多了。

Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急,你还有时间。

9. few 很少、几乎没有的;a few 有些、几个

He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。

Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。

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