动词ing的变化规则

动词的第三人称单数的变化规则

1、一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s.

work - works get - gets say - says read - reads

2、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加-es. 例如：

study - studies try - tries carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries

3、以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。

go - goes teach - teaches wash - washes

brush - brushes catch - catches do - does fix - fixes

动词ing的变化规则

1.一般动词直接加–ing

go---go ing work---work ing look---look ing

2.以-y 结尾的动词，直接加-ing

say---say ing enjoy---enjoy ing cry --- cry ing

carry---carry ing study---study ing

3.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加–ing

die --- dying, lie --- lying, tie --- tying

4.以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去e 加–ing

make - making write - writing love -writing

hate - hating hope - hoping take - taking

save- saving breathe - breathing produce - producing

注意：be - being see - seeing agree - agreeing

5. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加-ing。begin - beginning admit - admitting

sit - sitting fit - fitting

hit - hitting prefer - preferring

swim - swimming shop - shopping

cut - cutting get - getting

forget - forgetting spit - spitting

shut -shutting stop -stopping

plan - planning dig - digging

drop - dropping step - stepping

注意：blow - blowing grow - growing draw - drawing

bow - bowing show - showing know - knowing

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

规则变化：

1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：

pick --- picked --- picked wish --- wished --- wished

2.以不发音的e 结尾的动词后加d。

make – maked – maked like – liked – liked

hope – hoped – hoped phone – phoned – phoned

3.以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，变y 为i , 再加- ed。

study – studied – studied hurry – hurried – hurried

reply – replied – replied

4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写该辅音字母，再加– ed。stop – stopped – stopped shop – shopped - shopped

plan – planned – planned drop – dropped – dropped

不规则变化：(常见如下，需同学们识记)

1.AAA

cost– cost– cost 花费cut– cut– cut 割，切hit– hit– hit 打

let– let– let 让put– put– put 放下read– read –read 读hurt– hurt– hurt 伤

2.ABB

burn– burnt– burnt 燃烧learn– learned/learnt– learned/learnt 学习

mean– meant– meant 意思hear– heard– heard 听见build– built– built 建筑lend– lent– lent 借给lose– lost– lost 失去send –sent –sent 送spend –spent –spent 花费pay– paid–paid 付lay –laid –laid 下蛋

say– said– said 说bring– brought– brought 带来

buy– bought– bought 买think– though–t thought 想

sleep– slept– slept 睡keep– kept– kept 保持sweep– swept– swept 扫stand– stood– stood 站understand– understood– understood 明白

win– wo–n won 得胜shine– shone/shined– shone/shined 发光

catch– caught– caught 抓住teach– taught– taught 教feel– felt– felt 觉得

fight –fought –fought 战斗find– found– found 发现get –got– got 得到hang– hanged/ hung –hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have– had– had 有

hold– held –held 盛，握leave– left– left 离开make– made– made 制造meet– met– met 遇见sell– sold –sold 卖shoot –shot– shot 射击tell –told– told 告诉smell– smelt/smelled– smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit –sat– sat 坐dig– dug– dug 挖

3.ABC

eat– ate– eaten 吃fall– fell– fallen 落下steal– stole –stolen 偷give– gave– given 给freeze– froze– frozen 冻结take– took– taken 拿see– saw –seen 看见write– wrote– written 写ride– rode– ridden 骑drive– drove –driven 驾驶throw– threw –thrown 抛，扔blow– blew– blown 吹grow –grew –grown 生长know– knew –known 知道fly– flew– flown 飞draw– drew –drawn 绘画show– showed– shown 展示speak– spoke– spoke说话break –broke– broken 破碎，折断wake– waked/ woke– waked/ waken 醒

choose– chose –chosen 选择forget– forgot– forgotten 忘记begin– began –begun 开始ring– rang– rung 按铃sing –sang– sung 唱sink –sank –sunk 沉swim– swam– swum 游泳drink– drank– drunk 饮be(are) –were– been 是

do– did– done 做go– went– gone 去wear –worn –worn 穿

lie– lay –lain 躺be(am, is) –was/ were– been

4.ABA

come –came– come 来become –became– become 变run –ran– run 跑5.AAB

beat– beat– beaten 打

可数名词复数的变化规则

1、一般加-s,如:

map - maps car - cars

2、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i ,加-es ;

baby-babies ,family-families

3、以f, fe结尾的名词，通常变f 或fe为v,再加-es; 如: leaf-leaves,

wife - wives,life - lives,thief - thieves;

注: belief - beliefs（信心）,roof - roofs（屋顶）

safe - safes（保险箱）, gulf - gulfs（海湾）

4、以sh, ch, s, x结尾的名词，结尾的加-es;

dish-dishes watch - watches

5、以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

a. 加s,(无生命的) photo — photos, piano — pianos , kilo-kilos,

radio — radios, zoo — zoos；

b. 加es,(有生命的) potato — potatoes，tomato—tomatoes, hero — heroes

形容词变副词的变化规则

1、一般情况下直接加“ly”

quick - quickly recent - recently

2、以“y”结尾的, 如发音为/ i / , 先将y 改成i , 再加“ly”，如happy - happily

如发音为/ ai /, 直接加-ly, 如dry - dryly shy - shyly

3、以“辅音字母+ le”结尾的，去e 加y

possible - possibly terrible - terribly

simple - simply considerable - considerably gentle - gently..

4、以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的，去e 加ly

true - truly

注意：polite - politely fortunate - fortunately immediate - immediately wise - wisely nice - nicely wide - widely

形容词副词的比较级和最高级变化规则

规则变化：

1、一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -est，（以不发音的e结尾的只加-r; -st）

大多数双音节和多音节词都在单词前面加more和most

strong - stronger - strongest

nice - nicer - nicest strange - stranger - strangest

beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful

2、闭音节单音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的，须先双写这个辅音字母，再

加-er和-est

hot - hotter - hottest thin - thinner - thinnest

big - bigger - biggest fat - fatter - fattest

3、少数以-ow; -er结尾的双音节词，加-er, -est

narrow - narrower - narrowest clever - cleverer - cleverest

4、以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先y变成i，再加-er；-est

happy- happier - happiest angry - angrier - angriest early - earlier - earliest

5、由“形容词+ ly”构成的副词,在词前加more- ; most-

slowly - more slowly - most slowly

不规则变化：

well / good - better - best

ill / bad - worse - worst

much / many - more - most

little - less - least

old - older/elder - oldest/eldest

far - farther/further - farthest/furthest

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