初三英语中考语法一轮复习讲义(四十八)动词不定式知识点总结与整理

初三英语中考语法一轮复习讲义(四十八)动词不定式知识点总结与整理
初三英语中考语法一轮复习讲义(四十八)动词不定式知识点总结与整理

2021届初三英语中考语法一轮复习讲义(四十八)

动词不定式知识点总结与整理

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有

人称和数的变化,不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰,但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

典型例句:1.To hear your voice is so nice.(听到你的声音真高兴。)(动词不定式)

典型例句:2.Reading books makes one wise.(读书使人明智。)(动词-ing形式)

典型例句:3.This is a book written by Balzac.(这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。)(过去分词)

动词不定式

动词不定式是一种动词的非谓语形式,可在句中充当多种成分,是初中英语学习中必须掌握的重要语法项目。

1.动词不定式的类型

动词不定式有两种表现形式,一种是“to+动词原形”,另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”,详见后面的举例。

2.动词不定式的句法功能

A.动词不定式作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习外语不是一件容易的事。)B.动词不定式作表语

Her job is to look after the children.(她的工作就是照顾孩子。)

C.动词不定式作宾语

He wants to buy some stamps.(他想买一些邮票。)

D.动词不定式作宾语补足语

The doctor told me to have a rest.(医生叫我休息一下。)

E.动词不定式作定语

I want something to eat.(我想要一些吃的。)

F.动词不定式作状语

Yesterday they came to visit us.(昨天他们来拜访我们。)

3.动词不定式的时态和语态

A.一般式:to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后,或同时发生。

I want to visit my teacher.(我想去拜访我的老师。)(表示之后)

I believe him to be a good student.(我相信他是个好学生。)(表示同时)

B.完成式:to have done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.(非常抱歉让你等了那么长时间。)

C.进行式:to be doing表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。

He seems to be worrying about it.(他似乎正在担心它。)

D.被动语态:to be done表示被动关系。

The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.(这个病人需要被送到医院。)

4.动词不定式的重点与难点

(1)疑问词+to+动词原形

A.该句型常可与宾语从句互换。

I don’t know what to do.

=I don’t know what I should do.(我不知道应该做什么。)

B.疑问词在不定式中充当成分时,疑问代词作宾语,疑问副词作状语。

I don’t know what to do.(我不知道做什么。)(疑问代词what作宾语)

I don’t know how to do it.(我不知道怎么做。)(疑问副词how作状语)

(2)动词不定式作定语

A.动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。

He has an important meeting to attend.(定语)(他有一个重要的会

议要参加。)

B.动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面就要加上相应的介词。

They want a big room to live in.(他们想要一个大房间住。)

Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.(递给我一把刀切面包。)

(3)动词不定式作状语

当动词不定式修饰表语形容词作状语时,它和主语构成动宾关系。同样,

如果不定式中动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。

The house is very comfortable to live in.(这房子住起来非常舒服。)The pen is good to write with.(这支钢笔写起来很好用。)

5.使用动词不定式的注意事项

A.有些动词后的不定式省略to。

(1)祈使动词如make,let,have

The boss made Tom’s father work all day.(老板让汤姆的爸爸整天工作。)

(2)感官动词如hear,see,notice

I saw him go into the classroom just now.(我看到他刚才进了教室。)(3)用于被动语态时,被省略的to需要还原。

He was made to do the job at once.(他被迫立刻做这个工作。)

补充:不定式省略to的口诀

有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,其口诀是:一感二听三让四观看。

一感:feel;二听:hear,listen to;三让:let,have,make;

四观看:observe,see,watch,look at

B.动词不定式的否定需在to前加not。

Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.(妈妈经常叫汤姆不要在街上踢足球。)

C.作简略回答或为避免不必要的重复时,不定式常可省略to后面的动词,只保留to。动词make,let,see,hear...后面的词可全部省略。

A:Did you go to see the Great Wall?(你去长城了吗?)

B:Yes,I went to.(是的,我去了。)(省略了see the Great Wall)

A:Did Mary go there with you?(玛丽是和你一起去的那里吗?)

B:No,her mother didn’t let her.(不,她妈妈没有让她去。)

D.接不定式作宾语的动词有want,wish,hope,decide等。

E.接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有ask,tell,get,wish,want,like,teach等。

F.接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有let,make,have,see,watch,feel,listen to等。

G.接不定式作状语的形容词有happy,sorry,afraid,able,sure等。

重要:只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词:want想要;hope希望;wish想做(某事);agree同意;decide决定;manage设法做成;refuse拒绝;pretend假装

H.带to的不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it代替,其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。

It is too hard for him to work out such a difficult problem.

(对他来说做出这么难的题目太困难了。)

I.既可接不定式,又可接动词-ing形式的动词有like,love,hate,start,begin,need和stop,remember,forget,go on,try等,前者意义没有多大的区别,后者区别较大。

J.带to的不定式和疑问词连用,相当于一个名词作宾语或宾补,这种句式可把不定式转换为复合句,这类动词有know,decide,tell,ask,find,hear,learn,think等。

K.带to的不定式作定语的动词有have,there be。

I have a few letters to write.(我有一些信要写。)

L.不定式to在一些情态动词或助动词及一些表“意愿”的动词之后代替上文提到的动词。这类动词有have,be able,be going,hope,like,love,try等。

A:Would you like to go with me?(你愿意跟我一起去吗?)

B:Yes,I’d like to.(是的,我愿意。)

6.动词不定式的几个重要句型

A.疑问词+动词不定式

My teacher didn’t tell me what to do next.(我的老师没有告诉我下一步要做什么。)

B.too...to.../enough to...

They are too shy to speak English.(他们太害羞了以至于不能说英语。)It’s too dark for him to see anything in the room.(对他来讲房间里面太暗了什么也看不见。)

补充:too...to与so...that的转换

The box is too heavy for him to lift.(这个盒子对他来讲太沉了,他抬不动。)

=The box is so heavy that he can’t lift it.(这个盒子太沉了,他抬不动。)

C.It is/was+形容词+of sb. to do sth.(形容词能修饰sb.和to do sth.)It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.(形容词只能修饰to do sth.)

It was very clever of him to do it like that.(他那样做很聪明。)

(他很聪明,像那样做也是聪明之举)

It was hard for him to say goodbye.(对他来讲,说声再见是很难的。)(是说再见很难,不能说他很难)

注意:of sb.句型可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子,而for sb.句型则不可以。

It is very kind of you to help me.→You are very kind to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了。)

补充:形容词/副词+enough to do sth.与so...that...can do sth.的转换:He runs fast enough to get there first.(他跑得快可以第一个到那里。)

→He runs so fast that he can get there first.(他跑得那样快以至于他能第一个到那里。)

D.Why (not) do?为什么(不)……?

A:Let’s go out to eat tonight.(今晚我们出去吃吧。) B:Yes,why not?(好啊。)

E.There be...to do有……要做

There are some clothes to wash.(有一些衣服要洗。)

There is a room to clean.(有一间屋子要打扫。)

F.be about to do sth.正要去做;将要去做

I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door. (当警察敲门的时候我刚要睡觉。)

G.had better do sth.最好……/had better not do sth.最好不要……You had better not eat too much.(你最好不要吃太多。)

H.so as to...为了

so as to...一般不能放在句首,意思相当于in order to。

He got up early so as to meet his parents at the airport.

(他很早就起床是为了到机场接他的父母。)

情态动词大学英语语法精解

大学英语语法精解——情态动词 首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题: 1) This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?(1998.1) A .would you mind B. would you please C. will you like to D. will you please to 2) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we ____ during the day.(1999.1) A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done 3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you____ it.(1998.6) A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C. mightn't have done D. didn't have to do 4) If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.(1995.1) A. should as well B. may as well C. can as well D. would as well 5) You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.(2000.6) A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following 6) You ___her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(1996.1) A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen 7) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.(1996.6) A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been 参考答案 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) C 7) A 2.情态动词的测试要点 从以上例题可以看出,四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。 1)情态动词的基本用法,如①④⑤。 2)情态动词+ 动词的完成形式的用法,如③⑥。 3)情态动词的推测性用法,如⑦。

初三译林版英语重点语法

1. 时间状语从句 1.连词:when, as, while, before, after, since,till, until, as soon as。 2.主将从现,主情从现,主祈从先现 3. till或until “一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 not…until “直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 2. 条件状语从句 1.if,unless除非,如果不(=if…not) 2.在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来(即主将从现)。 3. 原因状语从句 1.because,since, as引导。 2.Because和so不能出现在一个句子里。 4. 结果状语从句 1.so…that, such…that, so that引导。 2.So+adj+that, such+n+that 5. 目的状语从句 1.so that, in order that引导。 6. 让步状语从句 1.让步状语从句通常由although,though,even if , even though引导 Although和but不能出现在同一个句子里。 2. --- Li Lin, is it OK for you to go to your grandpa's house alone? --- No problem. I you as soon as I there. A. call; get B. call; will get C. will call; get D. will call; will get 3. The ice cream is delicious I want to eat a second one. A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. very; that 4. The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. In order to 6. Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes. A. if not B. if C. unless D. because 5. Jerry realize the importance of English he found a job. A. won't; before B. didn't; until C. will; before D. did; until 2. You must hand in your paper as soon as you it. A. will finish B. finishes C. finish D. finished

(完整版)高中英语语法动词不定式和动名词做宾语

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中,动词的用法是重点,也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法,学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词,用法难以掌握,但调整了单词的排列顺序,根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆: (一)跟不定时作宾语的动词有: 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记! (二)跟动名词作宾语的动词有: 考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise) 避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend) 面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind) 允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟(put off/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy) 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand! 瞧!,我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧! (三)在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require, stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法: remember to do something记着去做某事(现在还没有做) remember doing something记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事) try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果) stop to do something开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事) stop doing something停止做某事(停止正在做的事) regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔

初中英语语法知识—情态动词的全集汇编及答案(3)

一、选择题 1.— Must I go home? — No, you ________. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.don’t D.needn’t 2.-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.don’t 3.A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A.must B.may C.need D.should 4.From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.mightn’t 5.—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America?—Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A.Could; couldn’t B.Can; couldn’t C.Could; can’t D.Can; mustn’t 6.—Jenny, we buy Mom presents. We can clean the house from top to bottom.—Good idea! It’s a special present for Mother’s Day. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t 7.— May I have some wine? — No, you . You have to drive home later. A.shouldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.may not 8.—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning. A.needn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.mustn't 9.Since the road is muddy,it ________last night, ________? A.must be rained; wasn’t it B.must have rained; didn’t it C.must rained; didn’t it D.must have rained; wasn’t it 10.—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020?—Don’t worry! The news _______ be true. A.must not B.may not C.needn’t D.will not 11.-_________ you help me with my homework? -Of course if I __________. A.Could; could B.Can't; can C.Could; can D.Can; could 12.—Must we finish the work right now? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t 13.— Will Jim come to Yangzhou for a holiday? — He ________come, it depends on how much homework he will have.

九年级英语必考语法知识点整理

九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 一. 宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的含义 在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film. 她知道这位老师看过这部电影。 (“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。) 2. 宾语从句的分类 (1)动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。 例如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 (2)介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。 例如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

(3)形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的 宾语从句。 例如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟 到了。 3. 引导名词性从句的连接词 (1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分 (2)whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。 I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在 这里。 (3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语 从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语) The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语) 这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语) 你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗? 4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点 (1)时态

最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结

最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结 一、单项选择情态动词 1.Mr. Smith is almost on time for everything. How ________ it be that he was late for the meeting? A.can B.should C.may D.must 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意:史密斯先生几乎任何事情都是准时的。他怎么可能开会迟到了? A. can可能,可能性,表示可能性时,常用于否定句和疑问句中,且有时还带有“惊奇、不相信” 等感情色彩。B. should 应该; C. may也许,表示可能性时常用于肯定句中,不用于疑问句中。D.must常用于肯定句中表推测,“一定……”的意思;本题是强调句型的一个变式:强调其特殊疑问句how的形式。根据前句“斯密斯先生几乎是很准时”可推测出“怎么可能开会迟到呢?”。根据句意可知,用于疑问句中的“可能性”且有不相信的色彩,四个选项只有“can”符合题意。故选A 【点睛】 情态动词就是表示说话者对事情的一种看法,也就是一种语气。情态动词的用法一直是命题者常设置的考点和重点,平时要加强记忆。 2.--- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home. --- That’s really bad. I’m sure you ______ it, but you just didn’t hurry up. A.had caught B.could have caught C.could catch D.can catch 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:——哦,我的上帝!我刚好错过了回家的末班车。——这是非常糟糕的。我肯定你能赶上,但你就是不抓紧。could have done“本来能做而没有做”。故选B。 3.-- Did Jim come? -- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out. A.might have come B.might come C.must have come D.should have come 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词推测用法。句意:Jim来了吗?--我不知道,在我不在的时候,可能来过。根据前文I don’t kn ow.可知,说话者不知道Jim来没来,因此后文推测来过,但是语气很不确定,故可知选A。对过去情况的推测为情态动词+have done,must have done 一定做了某

初三英语语法知识点

1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的? 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如: How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如: We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:

初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth句型中,表示说话人对客观事件的决断,意为:做…..是……的,it仅作形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪,与It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.你能告诉我事实,真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.他做那件傻事,真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目,真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说,真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有:careless,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid,friendly 因此区分是用It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth,要

英语语法之不定式及名词后加动词不定式

English语法之不定式及名词后加动词不定式 在English语法中,动词不定式是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。基本形式是to+动词原形,部分词和词组不带to也表达不定式。之所以叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定、或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词,即不能单独作谓语。但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性,也可以理解此类动词形式为不定式状态的动词。动词不定式及其短语有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出,这一使动者称之为逻辑主语。 动词不定式可以作多种句子成分。 在外语学习的课程中,"动不式"的一般现在时被称作“词典用词”,因为它一般被用作词典中该动词的词头。 对于英语来说接不定式的单词多为“打算”“计划”“希望”“将要”等表示未来的动词。同样与不定时表示不同的动词不定式表示正在进行,一般性或经常发生性的行为。 A.不带to的不定式有四种情况: 1、1、let, make, have等使役动词后。 例如: Let us go!出发 The boss made the child labors work the whole night.老板逼迫童工整夜 劳作 注意:这些情况在被动语态中,不可省to. 例如:The child labors were made to work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。

例如:You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家 3、w hy…/w hy not…后。 例如:Why not have a happy rest on Sunday? 不定式的否定式是not to do.. / never to do..,不带to的不定式的否定式是not do.../ never do.. 例如:His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.他的父母告诉他酒后严禁驾驶 4.感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find,notice等后作宾语补足语。 例如: I saw her dance.我看到她在舞 除以上四种情况之外,都不得省略to B. 动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for sb. to do sth. / of sb. to do sth.” for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性。 例如:

人教版九年级英语重点知识梳理(词汇短语句型语法)

九年级英语各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 I、重点词汇: 1.pronounce—pronunciation 2. differently—different—difference 3. slowly—slow 4. soft—hard 5.easy—easily 6.learn—learner II、重点短语: 1.lisen to tapes 听录音 2. ask the teacher for help 向老师请求帮助 3. read aloud 朗读 4. speaking skills 口头表达能力 5.spoken English 英语口语 6. end up 结束 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7016155959.html,ter on 以后,随后 8. make mistakes 犯错,出错 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7016155959.html,ugh at 嘲笑,取笑 10.take notes 做笔记,做记录 11.look …up (在词典、参考书等中)查阅,查找 12. make up 编造,组成 13.deal / do with 处理,应付 14.be angry with 生……的气 15.go by (指时间)过去,消逝 16.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做…… 17.break off 突然中止,中断 18. with the help of 在……的帮助下 19.regard…as…把……当做…… 20.be afraid of doing / to do sth 害怕做某事 21. first of all 首先,开始 22. have trouble / a difficult / hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难 III、重点句型: 1.It’s too hard to understand the voices. 理解那些话有困难。 2. How do you study for a test? 你怎么为考试而学习的? I study by listening to tapes. 我通过听磁带学习。 3. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.学语法是学习语言的一个好办法。 4.I was afraid to speak in class. 我害怕在课堂上说话。 5. If you don’t know how to spell new words, look up the dictionary. 6.It’s our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下,尽我们最大努力对待教育中的每一个挑战是我们的责任。 7.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。

初中英语语法情态动词用法大全

情态动词 有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词 句和疑问句中表示请求,允许,意为“能够” could 是can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的水平在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may 表示请求、许可,意为“能够”表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许” might 是may的过去式,表推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”表有把握的推测,用语肯定句dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should 意为“应该”,表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议 had better 意为“最好”,表示建议 used to意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为 考点一情态动词知识清单 情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法 (1)表示水平、许可、可能性。表示水平时一般译为“能、会”,即有种水平,尤其是生来具备的水平,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。(2)表示可能、能够。如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“不可能”。 2.could的用法 (1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的水平。 (2)could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时没有过去式的意思。 3.may的用法 (1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式, (2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 (3)may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 4. must的用法 (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。 (2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”.(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to . (4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn’t she? 5. need的用法 (1)need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t。如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . (2) need 还能够作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,后边多接动词不定式。 6. dare 的用法dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性: (1)dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 (2)dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数即时态的变化。注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said? 7. shall 的用法 (1)shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称), Shall we go out for a walk? (2)表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称), No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. 8. should的用法 (1) should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。We should protect the environment. (2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗? (3)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 You should have finished your homework. 9. will 的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。 I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 10. had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。 We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句 1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句 (1)句式:Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….?如:Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now? (2)对may 引出的问句,能够有下列回答方式:Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t. (3)对must引出的疑问句,回答为:Yes, …must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 2. will,would,shall 的用法 (1)will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? (2)对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. (3)shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. 考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. (1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t表达不可能,He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.(3)can’t还可用来回答“ May I …?”这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.(4)can’t还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying. 2.may 的否定式为may not ,译成“可能不”,He may not be at home. 3.(1)mustn’t表示不许,不可。He mustn’t leave his room.

人教版英语九年级语法知识点

1. by + doing 通过……方式如:by studying with a group by 还可以表示:"在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如:I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子: ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如:Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如:Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如:I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如: I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如: I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事如: The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如: The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either 也(用于否定句)常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

英语语法专项:动词不定式用法归纳及练习答案

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语语法专项:动词不定式用法归纳及练习答案 动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。 但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。 另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。 动词不定式的肯定形式是 to+do;其否定形式是 not to+do。 1.作主语可以直接作主语。 如: To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。 如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is + n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it 仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能 to do 作宾语。 attempt 企图 enable 能够 neglect 忽视 afford 负担得起demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange 安排 mean 意欲,打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 appear 似乎,显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate 憎恨,厌恶 pretend 假装 ask 问 need 需要 1/ 7

相关文档
最新文档