三个译本的对比翻译

三个译本的对比翻译
三个译本的对比翻译

陈奕虹

英语81

0831032 《论习惯与教育》的三个译本的对比

摘要

弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon ,1561—1626)是英国哲学家、思想家、作家和科学家。著有《培根论说文集》收入58篇随笔,从各个角度论述广泛的人生问题,精妙、有哲理,拥有很多读者。论文的第一部分介绍作者和作品。第二部分横向比较杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦对《论习惯与教育》的译本的得失。第三部分我对翻译的个人见解。通过上述三个部分的分析以及见解使人们深入了解翻译的魅力。

关键词: 弗兰西斯·培根;翻译;《论习惯与教育》

Abstract

Francis Bacon,1st Viscount Saint Alban,KC(22 January 1561-9 April 1626)was an English philosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,jurist and author.He wrote a book which is called The Essays of Francis Bacon.The book includes 58 essays.The book discusses extensive life problem from every angle.It is exquisite,philosophy and popular in the world.The first part of this thesis introduces the author and her literary achievements. The second part of this thesis introduces the gains and the loss about Yang Xiangrong,Shui Tiantong and Cao Minglun's transverse comparisons.The third part of this thesis introduces the personal opinions about translation.Through the analysis of the above three parts and opinions make people in-depth understanding charm of translation.

Key words:Francis Bacon ;translation;Of custom and education

目录

第一章介绍作者和作品

1.1弗兰西斯·培根和弗兰西斯·培根的成就

1.2《培根论说文集》的简介

第二章横向比较杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦对《论习惯与教育》的译本的得失

2.1 杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦的译文特点

2.2 杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦译本的品评

第三章对翻译的个人见解

第一章介绍作者和做品

1.1 弗兰西斯·培根和弗兰西斯·培根的成就

弗兰西斯培根生于1561年,死于1626年。生于贵族家庭。他是英国近代唯物主义哲学家。曾经担任掌玺大臣和大法官,晚年脱离官场,不参与政治活动。他致力于研究科学以及哲学。他是新贵族的思想代表,反对君主权神授和君权无限,主张限制王权;拥护清教主张改革,但反对革命。他对中世纪的经院哲学,提出必须清除它给人们造成的错误认识和偏见(他称之为假相),以便给认识和科学扫清道路。他继承了古代唯物主义传统,承认自然界是物质的,认为构成一切事物的最小单位是真正的分子,即事物的简单性质,它是有限的不变的。千差万别的事物都是由它的不同排列和组合构成的。运动是物质固有的最重要的特性,运动是有规律的,其形式是多样的。他称事物运动的规律和规定性为形式。科学的任务就是发现形式,从而获得行动上的自由,以便征服自然。提出“知识就是力量”的口号。他提出唯物主义经验论的基本原则,认为感觉是认识的开端,它是完全可靠的,是一切知识的泉源。他重视科学实验在认识中的作用,认为必须借助于实验,才能弥补感官的不足,深入揭露自然的奥迷。他重视归纳法,强调它的作用和意义,认为它是唯一正确的方法,但它否定了演绎法的作用是片面的。他把自然科学中孤立静止的研究方法移植到哲学上来,造成了欧洲近代哲学所特有的局限性。他的哲学具有神学的不彻底性,他主张双重真理,承认上帝存在和灵魂不死等宗教教条。他的唯物主义哲学对近代哲学的发展有很大影响。主要著作有:《新工具》、《伟大复兴》、《新西特兰提斯岛》等。最重要著作《新工具》,在近代哲学史上具有划时代的意义和广泛的影响,哲学家由此把它看成是从古代唯物论向近代唯物论转变的先驱。不朽著作《伟大复兴》。培根的最后一部著作是《新西特兰提斯岛》,该书描写了太平洋的一个虚构的岛上的一个乌托邦国家。

1.2《培根论说文集》简介

《培根论说文集》是英国政治家、哲学家、文学家培根的散文名著,英国随笔文学的开山之作。该文集荟萃了培根在政治、经济、文化、社交、情感等各个方面的散文59篇。本书内容广博。其中既有为官者的仕宦之道,又有适用于一般民众的社交技巧;既有对人类情感的独到见解,也有对如何升官发财的条分缕折……同时还有一些篇什论及殖民地、对外贸易等问题,体现了强烈的时代气息,从中可以窥见十七世纪英国的社会现实。该文集博采众家,包罗万象。其语言简洁明快,不蔓不枝;其论述切中肯綮,深刻透辟;其文章逻辑谨严,言简意丰;其谋篇尺幅之间,腾挪百变;其论点多点到为止,给读者的想象与思考留下了广阔空间。

第二章横向比较杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦对《论习惯与教育》的译本的得失

2.1 杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦的译文特点

从《论习惯与教育》全文来看,杨向荣把整篇文章分为三个部分。这个三个部分是按照英文原版来分的。完全的忠实于原文。翻译的略微粗糙,没有过多的粉饰。水天同把《论习惯与教育》分为两个部分,文章是以白话文为主,但是在文中我们也不乏看到“底”之类的虚词。水天同是把原著的第一段作为译文的第一段,把原著的第二,三段作为译文的第二段。曹明伦翻译的《论习惯与教育》把全文也分为二段,但与水天同的分法有所不同。曹明伦把原著的第一,二段作为译文的第一段。把原著的第三段作为曹明伦译本的第二段。曹明

伦的译本不愠不火,清晰明快。曹明伦的译本不仅仅把原著的原有风格翻译出来了而且把培根散文在英语语言上的历史地位也反映出来了。

由于水天同是20世纪50,60年代的人,所以在水天同的译文中我们不难发现有文言文的痕迹。水天同的译本忠实于原文的意思也符合原著的风格。在水天同翻译的《论习惯与教育》中我们不难发现这两个特点。曹明伦在“译序”中提到:“译散文作品的原则也应和译诗原则一样,即在神似的基础上求最大限度的形似”应该说在《培根论说文集》中曹明伦严格遵守了自己的原则。求最大限度的神似和形似。在曹明伦翻译的《论习惯与教育》中我们不难发现,曹明伦严格的遵守了他的翻译原则,以求最大限度的神似以及形似。

2.2 杨向荣,水天同,曹明伦译本的品评

1)Men's thoughts are much according to their inclination;their discourse and speeches,according to their learning and infused opinions;but their deeds,are after as they have been accustomed.

杨向荣:人们的思想大多依赖于他们内心的倾向性,人们的谈论与言语大多数是依赖他们的学识以及从外界获得的见识,但是人们的行为却来自于他们平时养成的习惯。

水天同:人们底思想多是依从他们底愿望的,他们底谈论和言语多是依从他们底学问个从外面得来的见解的;但是他们底行为却是随着他们平日的习惯的。曹明伦:人的思维多取决于性格上的倾向,其言论多取决于被灌输的知识和主张,但其行为却多取决于他们长期养成的习惯。

这句话是《论习惯与教育》这一篇的第一句话。这句话开门见山的表达了作者对习惯以及教育的想法,且运用了排比的修辞,体现了培根简约,直白,工整的写作风格。杨向荣的译本虽然与原文的修辞一致,而且译文也算流畅。但是“人们的行为却来自于他们养成的习惯”这句话与培根散文语言说理透彻,富于哲理不相符合。表达也不够简洁明了,与原著风格不符合。水天同的译本相较于杨向荣的译本则好的多,他忠实了原文的意思,也基本与原文风格相似。但是如果把“人们底思想多是依从他们底愿望的”改成“人们的思想多是依从他们的愿望”,我个人觉得会更好一点。因为这样就能少半白话半文言文的韵味,也更适合读者阅读。而且水天同的用词有点繁复,复杂,与原著的语言简洁所违背。这点我们不难从这句看出“他们底谈论和言语多是依从他们底学问个从外面得来的见解的”。而曹明伦的译本有译出了原文的排比句式,而且用词简洁明了,更具有逻辑性,语言节奏紧凑,表意明白。不仅仅与原著形似,更与原著神似。而且翻译出了培根的散文风格。

2)In other things,the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible;insomuch as a man would wonder,to hear men profess,protest,engage,give great words,and then to,just as they have done before;as if they were dead images,and engines moved only by wheels of custom.

杨向荣:此外,习惯凌驾于迷信之上的情形也随处可见。习惯的力量如此强大,甚至于人们在发誓、争辩、承诺和说大话之后,仍然如故。仿佛人们都是一些没有生命的泥雕和由习惯转轮来驱使的机械。

水天同:在迷信以外的事情中习惯之凌驾一切是处处可见的;其势力之强,使得人们于自由、抗辩、允诺、夸张之后,依然一仍旧贯地作下去,好像他们是无生命的偶像,和自由习惯底轮子来转动着的机械似的,这种情形使人惊讶。

曹明伦:不过在其它方面,习惯的支配地位仍随处可见,以致你会惊讶的发现,世人在宣誓、保证、许诺和夸口之后,依然一如既往,一仍旧贯,仿佛他们是一些傀儡或机械,全凭习惯的轮子驱动。

这句句子用了明喻,插入语等。杨向荣的翻译用的是直译。根据原著一字一句的翻译,

完全失去了原著的风格,而且句式不够工整,用的词语也不够雅致,插入语这一句式也没有翻译出来。“人们在发誓、争辩、承诺和说大话之后”这句中的“说大话”过于口语化。可以说杨向荣的译本是粗糙的。完全体现不出原著在英语语言上的历史地位。但是这个译句,也并非一无是处,最起码它忠实于原文,没有违背原文的内容以及思想。水天同的译文和曹明伦的译文的用词文雅。但他们之间还是有区别。我们不难发现水天同的译本由于翻译中的“形似”和“神似”发生矛盾时,他舍弃了“形似”,他摆脱了原文是形式,着意追求译文与原文的“神似”,也因此水天同的译本忠实于原文的意思也符合原著的风格。但是曹明伦的译本更为胜出一筹。曹明伦在翻译这句句子的时候,换了文字的形式,而原文的思想、感情、风格神韵都原原本本的体现在了译本里面,在读者读起来如读原著。

第三章对翻译的个人见解

每个人都有自己的翻译风格。但是无论是什么翻译风格,都不能违背原文的意思。但是在不违背原文意思的基础上我们也不能丢弃原著的风格。翻译不是翻译出每个词所对应的意思,而是除了文字形式的所有方面都相等一致。我个人认为“翻译”这个词可以做出这样的解释——“翻”是翻阅,推翻的意思;“译”是解释的意思。由此可见我们需要有丰富的知识,要有丰富的知识则需要博览群书。这样才能提高翻译者的翻译水平,才能做好翻译工作。然而在翻译过程中我也要不断的推翻错误的翻译,汲取其中的精华,发展翻译方式是自己的翻译水平达到另一个高度。但这与我们英语的语言能力是分不开的。然而当我们将英语翻译成汉语的同时,这又与我们的汉语功底分不开了。汉语表达,解释能力直接影响了翻译的准确性以及翻译质量的好坏。

参考连接:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7116375244.html,/view/9235.htm

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7116375244.html,/booksinfo/59/591120.html

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7116375244.html,/view/1b6fce8a6529647d27285261.html(2010.12.21)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7116375244.html,/s/blog_517d4f5e0100c0r2.html(2010.12.21)

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英汉对比研究读书报告

英汉对比研究读书报告

摘要:英语和汉语的对比,通过对两这种语言的语法特征、修辞手段、翻译技巧、思维方式等等方面的具体讲解,把语言和文化结合起来,对中西方思维方式的不同加以对比分析讲解,清晰、不显枯燥的同时又具有说服力。众所周知,要想学好外语,对其特点的了解是必须的,而要了解其特点,最好的方法就是与母语加以比较。思维方式是造成语言差异的重要原因。影响思维方式的因素也多种多样。英语学习,尤其是翻译,不是一蹴而就的,它需要不断地理解学习和练习,更多时候,了解英汉语言之间的不同以及中西方文化、思维上的的追根溯源也是必要的,因为学习一门语言语言,在一定程度上也是对其文化和思维方式的学习。Speaking of English and Chinese comparison,the language of the two rhetorical devices, translation skills, thinking mode and so on,they combine language with culture. As we all know, in order to learn a foreign language, it is necessary to understand its characteristics, and to understand its characteristics, the best way is to compare with the mother tongue. There are many factors influencing the way of thinking. Learning English, especially translation, not overnight, it needs to understand the study and practice, more often, understanding between English and Chinese and Western cultures, different thinking on the back is necessary, because learning a foreign language is the way of thinking and learning. 关键词:思维方式语法特征修辞手段翻译技巧逻辑思维抽象思维英语注重形合,且注重环环相扣的逻辑关系,所以汉译英时往往要加入连词和对句子进行扩展和组合,形成复合句或长句;相反,由于汉语句子一般结构较为简化,无拖沓,所以在英译汉时也应当注意,常常需要将英语句子进行分解、拆散和重组。英语文章多为长短句交错使用,了解这一特点对平时汉译英和写作时也大有益处。又如,英语通常为物做主语,而汉语则为人,所以在英汉互译的时候要注意其人称、物称主语的转换。文化上的不同也是需要注意的,如在写作的时候,西方人喜欢引用专家学者,尤其是有科学依据的观点,而中国人则频繁使用领袖和伟人的话。思维方式是造成语言差异的重要原因。影响思维方式的因素也多种多样。其中最为明显的,概括而言是中国人的思维方式受到儒、道和佛三家的影响,形成了中国人的悟性,重人文,轻科学,而西方则讲求逻辑思维,以判断推理为主,提倡理性思辨和科学探索。英语学习,尤其是翻译,不是一蹴而就的,它需要不断地理解学习和练习,更多时候,了解英汉语言之间的不同以及中西方文化、思维上的的追根溯源也是必要的,因为学习一门语言语言,在一定程度上也是对其文化和思维方式的学习。The way of thinking,Performance method, rhetorical device,translation skill,logical thinking,abstract thinking, Pay attention to the logical relationship of interlocking, So the translation often join conjunctions and extension and combination of the sentence on the contrary, the Chinese sentence structure is simplified, without procrastination, so in English Chinese translation should also be noted that the English sentence often needs to be decomposed and detached and reassembled. English articles for the length of sentence interlaced, understanding of the characteristics of the usual translation and writing is also helpful. Cultural differences also need to be noted,

实用英汉对比与翻译

第二章英汉句式结构对比与翻译 一. 英文句式结构 基本上为主谓结构,可以扩展为5种: 主+谓、主+谓+宾、主+谓+宾+宾补、主+谓+宾+间宾+直宾、主+系+表。汉语中有部分句子与上述英文句子是对应的。 二. 中文句式结构 (一)主谓结构。(可分为主动和被动) (二)主题—评述句 1. 很多汉语句子是“话题性”很强的句子,即句子的前面是一个话题,后面是对话题的评述或陈述、描述。 如:他处境很危险;楼上住着个女工。 2. 其中话题跟后面的动词只是对这个话题所作的说明,不一定表示主语所指称的实体的行动或性质,或者后面根本就没有动词。 3. 结论:将此类句子翻译成英文时,需进行句式结构的调整,在整个句中找到可以在英文中作主语的词,然后再根据主语选择合适的动词,如果找不到主语,就需要添加主语,或将句子中动作的承受着作主语,变为英文的被动语态。 4. 主题—评述句可归纳为如下几种: ⑴动作承受者作话题。如:那件事我已经办好了。 ⑵双话题。如:我头疼。 ⑶动词或动词短语作话题。如:加入世贸组织利大于弊。 ⑷从句作话题。如:张三明天去美国,我觉得很奇怪。 ⑸地点作话题。如:桌上搁着一碗饭。 ⑹时间作话题。如:今天风和日暖。 (三)无主句 1.即“非主语句”,一种是没有主语的,叫无主句,还有一种是由一个词构成的,叫独词句,如:火!注意!这种句 子可以直译。 2.一般来说,无主句主要用于以下几种情况: ⑴表达客观、科学、公正的语气。汉语的一些科技材料或法律条文中往往使用无主句,目的是使表达的内容更科学、公正。这种情况下,无主句要以为英文的主谓结构时,一般都转化为被动语态,也就是使用原文的宾语做主语,因为被动语态不强调动作的发出者,可以比较准确地表达原文的语用效果。 如:要制造飞机,就要考虑空气阻力问题。Air resistance has to be taken into consideration when an airplane is to be made. ⑵表达不满又不失礼貌地语气。汉语中无主句多用来表达一种微妙的情感,在不强调施事者的情况下,表达自己的观点,不满等。在英语中,遇到同样的情况,一般较为广泛地使用被动语态。这样说话人可以避免对自己所说的话负责,听话人也不会感到说话人在把自己的主观意志强加给自己。所以,此类无主句可以译为英语的被动句。有时也可以用形式主语it,避开主观语气。 如:为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢?Why are these troubles always left to me? 有时也可以用形式主语it,避开主观语气。 如:学这一套,不如去学照相。It is better to learn photographing than to learn this stuff. ⑶省略第一人称主语“我”或“我们”。有时候为了直接表达自己的观点,说话人刻意省去了“我”或“我们”。这些无主句往往出现在较为正式的场合或正式的书面报告中,翻译成英文时可根据集体情况添加主语“我”或“我们”,最好不要将其转译为英语的被动语态。 如:希望一切问题都会迎刃而解。I hope that all the problems will be readily solved.

对《骆驼祥子》的两个英文版本的对比研究

The Comparative Study of the Two English Versions of Camel Xiangzi Translated by Evan King and Shi Xiaojing Abstract:This paper mainly studies the differences of the two English versions of Camel Xiangzi translated by Evan King and Shi Xiaojing,and the reasons why there exist so many differences between the two versions and then points out their limitations and gives some suggestions to improve the two versions.By comparing and analyzing the different translation aspects of the title,the characters’addressing,the literary quotations,the idioms,sayings,and proverbs,it discusses the relation of the differences and insufficiencies of the two versions to translators’knowledge about the language and about cultures of the source language and the target language based on“Faithfulness and Fidelity”principles and“Equivalence”theories.This paper concludes that translators’knowledge about the cultures of the source and the target languages will directly affect the effect of translation and the degree of integrity. Key words:functional equivalence;culture and translation;Camel Xiangzi;comparative study;cultural connotation

英汉语言对比与翻译2

幻灯片1 课后练习 ●blue films ●bluebottle ●Greenfly ●common criminal ●common informer ●hard labor ●free love ●blue-eyed boy ●bluestocking 幻灯片2 参考翻译 ●blue films 蓝色电影(×) ●淫秽电影(√) ●bluebottle 蓝瓶子(×) ●绿头苍蝇(√) ●greenfly 绿苍蝇(×) ●蚜虫(√) ●common criminal 普通罪犯(×) ●臭名昭著的罪犯(√) ●common informer 一般的告密者(×) ●职业告密者(√) 幻灯片3 参考翻译 ●hard labor 艰苦的劳动(×) ●(监禁)苦役(√) ●free love 自由恋爱(×) ●(无婚约的)自由性爱(√) ●blue-eyed boy 蓝眼睛男孩(×) ●宠儿(√) ●blue sky research/thinking 蓝天研究/思维(×) ●天马行空式的(√) 幻灯片4 翻译的原则与标准

1. 支谦与《法句经序》(229年) “天竺言语,与汉异音。云其书为天书,语为天语,名物不同,传实不易。” 开篇即强调了佛经翻译之难,即语言不同,语境不同,名物不同,翻译起来确实不易。幻灯片5 翻译的原则与标准 2. 道安与“五失本,三不易” 源自其在公元382年所作 《摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序》 译胡为秦,有五失本也。 一者,胡语尽倒,而使从秦,一失本也。 二者,胡经尚质,秦人好文,传可众心,非文不合,斯二失本也。 幻灯片6 翻译的原则与标准 三者,经委悉,至于叹咏,叮咛反复,或三或四,不嫌其烦,而今裁斥,三失本也。 四者,胡有义说,正似乱辞,寻说向语,文无以异,或千五百,刈而不存,四失本也。 五者,事已全成,将更傍及,反腾前辞,已乃后说,而悉除此,五失本也。 幻灯片7 ●“五失本”是: ●一、佛经词序多是颠倒的,汉译时改从汉语语法,容易失本; ●二、佛经文字质朴,而汉人喜欢文采,为适合汉语读者,译文作了润饰,容易失本; ●三、佛经的论述,往往不厌其烦,颂文更是翻三覆四,翻译时删繁就简,容易失本; 幻灯片8 ●四、佛经有“义说”(长行之后,另加的偈颂复述)类似汉人韵文后的“乱辞”(总结),

2020年整理英汉对比翻译.pdf

Unit1 Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. If you venture just a little way into the woods, your menu can become even more varied. The roots of Jerusalem artichokes () are often dug in spring and fall at the edges of woods, where the grounds may once have been tilled or farmed. Under U.S. law all aliens seeking admission are presumed to require an immigrant visa unless they establish that they are entitled to receive a visa in one of the nonimmigrant categories. “I believe that the staging of ‘Turandot’ in Beijing will further demonstrate that the arts, whether opera or film, are the best media for people of different cultures and histories to co mmunicate with each other and to share their feelings and emotions”, said Zhang Yimou, the director of the production. “ I spent three or four hours on two short chapters –– savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. Unit2 After lunch he walked to the Que Hua Bridge, where he hired a small boat and paddled along towards the north. Soon he reached the Li Xia Pavilion, so he stepped ashore and went in, and when he entered the gate he saw a house, the paint of which was practically all worn away. Of all the children, granny loved her second son, my uncle, best. The reason is that he not only resembles her very much, but also represents all her hopes. During those days, with grandpa losing his job first and then becoming bed-ridden with paralysis, our family was living in straitened circumstances. Granny pinned all the hopes of the family on my uncle, who was vivacious by nature and brilliant in his studies ever since his childhood,

英汉语言对比与翻译作业

英汉语言对比与翻译作业 1. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. 翻译:认为自己的思想深奥,不可能表达得很清楚,让任何人都能理解,这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到,问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。 2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 翻译:他有一种令人不安的习惯:一会儿一个看法,自相矛盾,变化无常。 3.While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译:(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。六月的一天早上,天气晴朗。契息克林阴道上平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。拉车的两匹肥马套着雪亮的马具,一个肥胖的车夫带了假头发和三角帽子,赶车子的速度是一小时四英里。(萨克雷)

对《尤利西斯》两版译文的对比鉴赏

Constract: Before comparing the two translated versions of Ulysses, we should have a thorough understanding of this essay. The reason why people feel differently because they stand in different standpoints that comes from different cultural background and personal experience. So firstly we have to know exactly what reasons make this work readable and acceptable. Facing the same essay, the translators may not have the same understanding of it. On the basis of understanding the authentic meaning of the original text the translators always have different thinking about the additional meaning shown by obscure expressions. As non-native speakers, without completely knowing the factors that have various influence on the author, such as social context and cultural background, translators will easily misunderstand the meaning expressed ambiguously. Ulysses,a great work of stream-consciousness, was written by James Joyce in the early 20th century. This essay, in the beginning, mainly shows readers three independent stories that turn out to be one story in the end. The author showed readers the figures by describing their talks and inner thoughts. All these writing techniques make the translation more diversified. Under a complex background and influenced by Greek mythology, the writer has experienced a lot during his miserable childhood. For instance, James Joyce worshiped the hero Odysseus, also called Ulysses in Latin, when he was a child. At the same time, James was suffered from the wars and Irish nationality. Maybe these experience had inspired James Joyce to create the figures who similarly lead a miserable life. Therefore, in this way, we have to take consideration the writer’s thinking into translating and think as the author did to make the translated version more accurate. Undoubtedly, the translated version will not be same because of these reasons. However, the two versions we are about to compare are basically comfort to the meaning of the original text. I will compare this two from several perspectives in order to figure out what lead translators translate differently. Comparison&analysis Word-choosing 1.Grammatically, for the limit of the original text, the translated version have to largely comfort to the syntactic structure of the original one. However, translators are allowed to choose different words that shows their lexical diversity and writing styles. Eg. It must be a movement then, an actuality of the possible as possible. Aristotle’s phrase formed itself within the gabbled verses and ...... (Jin’version)那么,一定是一种运动了,可能性因为有可能而成为现实。在急促而含糊的朗

翻译第三章3

第三周,英汉语言对比与翻译 一,翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义 Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1 He also quotes from Edmond Cary: “Two languages can both be inflected and belong to the same family yet nevertheless differ considerably in the way they express ideas and convey meanings.” 1. Delisle, J. Translation: An Interpretive Approach[M]. Eng. trans, by Logan. P & Creery. M., Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1980: 74傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中说:“译本与原作,文字既不侔,规则又大异。各种文字各有特色,各有无可模仿的优点,各有无法补救的缺陷,同时又各有不能侵犯的戒律。像英、法,英、德那样接近的语言,尚且有许多难以互译的地方;中西文字的格远过于此,要求传神达意,铢两悉称,自非死抓字典,按照原文句法拼凑堆砌所能济事。”11. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:1 他也谈到了改变句法结构和保留句法结构之间的辩证关系:“我不是说原文的句法绝对可以不管,在最大限度内我们是要保持原文句法的,但无论如何,要叫人觉得尽管句法新奇而仍不失为中文。这一点当然是不容易做到的,……”1 1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:30 就保留原文句法与译文体现原作精神的问题,傅雷也有精辟的论述:“假如破坏本国文字的结构与特性,就能传达异国文字的特性而获得原作的精神,那么翻译真是太容易了。不幸那种理论非但是刻船求剑,而且结果是削足就履,两败俱伤。”1 1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:2 刘宓庆:“西方各语种在SLT与TLT之间的实现形式转换的可行性比汉外翻译大得多。……即既实现意义对应,又实现形式对应。这在汉语与西方语言之间的转换中是根本办不到的。基本上,汉外互译必须放弃拘守形式的努力而倾全力于意义。”1 思果说:“千万不能跟英文走。” 2 1.刘宓庆.翻译与语言哲学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001: 78.) 2.思果. 翻译研究[M]. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001:23) 二,汉语的线性序列与英语的空间结构 1,关于英汉语言的比喻 英语句子的结构: “葡萄藤型”结构(grapevine structure),意为在短短的主干上派生出长长的枝蔓和丰硕的果实; 英语句子的结构: 汉语句子因为很少叠床架屋,节外生枝,而是一个短句接一个短句地往下延伸,因此被称为“竹竿型”结构(bamboo structure)。 1 1. 王寅. 英汉语言宏观结构区别特征. 载方梦之、马秉义编选《汉译英实践与技巧》[M]. 北京:旅游教育出版社,1996: 42 “波浪形”结构:汉语的句子关系往往是并列、并行的,因此是以时序或逻辑顺序排列的。子句与子句之间的关系须透过上下文才能决定,所以句子是意合的;而且连词的使用也不像英语中普遍,结构也较为简练明快。汉语的句式称之为“流水句”,整个句子像由一个一个独立的子句,按时间顺序或逻辑顺序层层推进。因此,有人把汉语句子结构比作“波浪形”结构,每个子句犹如波浪,前浪推后浪,宛如“万顷碧波,层层推进”。 “枝杈形结构”:英语采用主从关系的形合法(use of hypotaxis)。英语可以通过连词(如状语从句)、关系词(如定语从句)和分词、动名词及不定式等构成句子,因此构成方式是形合的;英语利用关系代词引出包孕句(embedded clause),语法结构采用层次结构,关系紧凑严密。也就是说,英语的句子结构是在一个主句中,可在不同的地方插入各种从属结构,层层展开。

英汉对比与翻译期末论文 (2)

英汉对比与翻译——词汇三境 [摘要]:本文将英汉语言中词语分布做了对比,并就词汇翻译提出了“意译”、“义译”、“化境”三个要求,从而得知,词汇翻译的地道性很大程度上取决于语境的还原程度。 关键词: 译意、译义、臻化、词汇、语境 正文:英国语言学家George W.W ilk ins在《语言教学中的语言学》一书中指出:“没有语法,表达甚微;没有词汇,表达为零。”由此可见词汇在英语中所居的重要地位。在翻译时,即使一个译者已经掌握了大量的词汇与句法,还是会遇到总不能够突破的瓶颈,这个障碍往往是由词汇,甚至是简单词汇所引起的。例如:“He is a perfect stranger in the city.”这里对于什么是一个“perfect stranger”的理解与处理会造成译文层次的不同,同时也是考量一个译者的水平。如果仅翻译字面意思,翻译成“完美的陌生人”,译文显得晦涩难懂;当我们进一步理解“perfect”这个词的含义,并进入意义层面, “perfect”就是“完完全全”的意思,那么“perfect stranger”该译为“完完全全的陌生人”,“他是这城市中完完全全的陌生人”意思准确但是和全句契合不够完美,同“in the city”在搭配上略有滞涩;所以,我们将其转化,将“完完全全的陌生人”这一名词词组转化为动词词组,意为“对……完全陌生”,这句话就可译为“他对这城市完全陌生”,这样的搭配显得协调,不但译出了源语言想表达的意思,“疏离”这一

语境也得以完整地保留了。 以上例子就体现了英汉互译中一个很重要的规律,即词性转换。世界上的语言,不管其各有多少词类,名词和动词都占最大的比例;不管有多少句型,都能归纳为静态与动态两类。总的来说,汉语呈动态特征,英文呈静态特征。在词汇的使用上,汉语的动态表现为:汉语的动词丰富,使用频率高;而英语中,名词、介词等非动词性此类的使用频率很高。据周志培(2003:390)统计显示截选如下:(1)“邓小平在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点”及英译 语言总 数名 词 介 词 动 词 助 动 非限 定动 词 代 词 形容 词 副 词 数 词 连 词 量 词 冠 词 汉语词数636 167 11 186 27 41 70 70 39 17 8 % 26% 2% 29% 4% 7% 11% 11% 6% 3% 1% 英语词数907 238 99 105 19 30 98 104 43 28 5 84 % 26% 11% 12% 2% 3% 11% 11% 5% 3% 7% 9% (2)“英国首相撒切尔夫人在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话”及汉译文 语言总 数名词介词动词助动非限定 动词 代词形容 词 副词数 词 连词量词冠 词 汉语词数324 99 9 72 5 36 22 42 15 13 2 % 31% 3% 22% 2% 11% 7% 13% 4% 4% 0.6% 英语词数366 91 49 41 1 9 39 50 22 13 23 28 % 25% 14% 11% 0.2% 2% 10% 14% 6% 4% 6% 8% 上述结果表明,若要在英汉互译中,若要翻译出地道的T arget Text,就应当尽量符合Target Language的表达习惯。这必然包含必 要的词性转换。在进行英译汉时,根据需要将英文中的名词,介词等

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