周练十五.doc

周练十五.doc
周练十五.doc

府谷中学2013——2014学年度第一学期高二生物周练题(十五)

班级:姓名:

一、选择题、

()1、无菌技术包括以下几个方面的叙述,其中错误的是

A.操作的空间、操作者的衣着和手进行灭菌

B用于微生物的培养皿、接种用具和培养基等进行灭菌

C.免周围环境中微生物的污染,实验操作应在酒精灯火焰附近进行

D.操作时应避免已经灭菌处理的材料与周围物品相接触

()2、将某种细菌接种到彻底灭菌的固体培养基上,经过一段时间的培养后,就能够得到

A.菌丝

B.无一定形态的群体

C.单个细菌

D.菌落

()3、.培养流感病毒时,应选用()

A.富含维生素的固体培养基

B.碳源与氮源比例恰当的液体培养基

C.活的鸡胚

D.严格灭菌的牛奶

()4、鉴别培养基是根据微生物的代谢特点在培养基中加入一些物质配制而成,这些物质是

A.指示剂或化学药品B青霉素或琼脂 C.高浓度食盐D.维生素或指示剂

()5、某同学在101、102、103倍稀释的平均菌落数为2760、295和46,则菌落总数(个/mL)为

A.2.76×104

B.2.95×104

C.4.6×104

D.3.775×104

()6、能合成脲酶的微生物所需的碳源和氮源分别是

A.二氧化碳和氮气

B.葡萄糖和氨

C.二氧化碳和尿素

D.葡萄糖和尿素

()7、加入青霉素等抗生素的选择培养基可抑制细菌、放线菌的生长,其抑菌机理是

A.使微生物脱水死亡

B.抑制细胞壁的合成

C.导致微生物休眠

D.干扰微生物的蛋白质合成

()8、某一种细菌菌株需要从环境中摄取现成的亮氨酸(氨基酸的一种)才能够生长,此菌株对链霉素敏感。实验者用诱变处理此菌株,想筛选出表中列出的细菌菌株类型。根据实验目的,选用的培养基类型是

注:L—亮氨酸S—链霉素“+”加入“-”不加入

例如:L-:不加入亮氨酸;S+:加入链霉素

()9、细菌一般在60℃的环境中持续30分钟后,往往会失去活性,这是因为

A.酶的活性降低至最低点

B.蛋白质和核酸遭到破坏

C.高温大大地蒸发了水分

D.高温破坏了细菌的结构

()10、要将能分解纤维素的细菌从土壤中分离出来,应将它们接种到

A.加入指示剂的鉴别培养基上

B.含有蛋白胨的固体培养基上

C.只含纤维素粉而无其他碳源的选择培养基上

D.含四大营养要素的培养基上

()11、以下操作用到接种环的是

A.平板划线操作

B.系列稀释操作

C.涂布平板操作

D.倒平板操作()12、尿素分解菌能分解尿素是因为可以合成

A尿素酶 B 脲酶 C 蛋白酶 D 细菌酶

( )13、下列叙述错误的是

A.培养乳酸菌时需要在培养基中添加维生素 B.培养霉菌时需将培养基的PH 调至碱性

C.培养细菌时需将PH 调至中性或微碱性 D.培养厌氧微生物时则需要提供无氧的条件

( )14、、细菌培养基常在121℃压力锅中灭菌,如果只是在100℃的温度下将细菌培养基灭菌,以

下哪一种生物仍会存活 A .大肠杆菌B .一种青霉 C .枯草芽孢杆菌 D .沙门氏菌

( )15、制备平板培养基的步骤的正确顺序是①计算 ② 称量③灭菌 ④倒平板 ⑤溶化

A 、① ② ③ ⑤ ④

B 、① ②⑤ ③④

C 、① ②⑤④③

D 、 ①⑤② ③④

B 培养基

(1) 采集土样:应该到_____________环境中采集

(2) 选择培养:应选择图中______培养基,选择培养的目的是__________________

(3) 梯度稀释

(4) 接种到鉴别培养基上:应选图中的_________培养基,接种方法为

________________,

利用____________与纤维素形成红色复合物来筛选纤维素菌,筛选出纤维素分解菌

的这种方法为__________________。

(5) 挑选菌落:挑选出产生____________的菌落。 17. 请根据以上配方,回答下列问题:

(1)该培养基含有微生物所需要的 类营养物质。其中最主要的碳源是葡萄糖,

氮源是尿素。

(2)该培养基按物理性质划分是 培养基;按培养基的作用划分是选择培养基,

该培养基具有选择作用的原因 。

(3)在该培养基中,可通过检测pH 的变化来判断尿素是否被分解,依据的原理

。 (4)若用该培养基来鉴定某种细菌是否能够分解尿素,可在培养基中加入 指示剂,尿素被分解后指示剂变红色。

基础过关

1A2D3C4A5D6D7B8B9B10C11A12B13B14C15B

16、(1)尿素选择(2)皿盖上会凝有水珠,防止水珠落人培养皿造成污染,还可使培养基表面的水分更好挥发(3)稀释涂布平板

第一步灼烧接种环是防止接种环上有其它微生物而污染培养基。每次划线前灼烧接种环是为了杀死上次接种时留下的菌种,使下一次划线时接种环上的菌种直接来自上次划线的末端,以便通过多次划线后,得到单个的菌落划线结束后仍要灼烧接种环,以免菌种对环境造成污染。17、

(1)富含纤维素(2)A 增加纤维素分解菌的浓度,以确保能够从样品中分离到所需要的微生物(4)B 稀释涂布刚果红刚果红染色法(5)透明圈

能力提升

1D2D3C4D5A6C7A8A9C10D11B12A13C14B15A16A17A18A19C20D21B

22、这是因为土壤中各类微生物的数量(单位:株/kg)是不同的,例如在干旱土壤中的上层样本中:好氧及兼性厌氧细菌数约为2 185万,放线菌数约为477万,霉菌数约为23.1万。因此,为获得不同类型的微生物,就需要按不同的稀释度进行分离,同时还应当有针对性地提供选择培养的条件。23、①无效,该同学只涂布了一个平板,没有设置重复组,因此结果不具有说服力②无效,该同学考虑到设置重复组的问题,涂布了3个平板,但是,其中1个平板的计数结果与另2个相差太远,说明在操作过程中可能出现了错误,因此,不能简单地将3个平板的计数值用来求平均值。③有效,该同学设置了重复组,涂布了4个平板,且重复组的实验结果很相近,其结果具有说服力。

④这个实例启示我们,在设计实验时,一定要涂布至少3个平板,作为重复组,才能增强实验的说服力与准确性。在分析实验结果时,一定要考虑所设置的重复组的结果是否一致,结果不一致,意味着操作有误,需要重新实验。

24、(1)目的菌选择(2)有机化合物A 异养需氧

(3)防止杂菌入侵(4)平板划线接种环(5)灭菌

25、(1)4 (2)固体;该培养基中,唯一的氮源是尿素,只有能分解尿素的微生物才能在该培养基上生长和繁殖(2分)(3)在细菌分解尿素的过程中,细菌合成的脲酶将尿素分解成氨,氨会使培养基的碱性增强,pH升高(2分)(4)酚红

26、实验步骤:

(1)将2支含琼脂培养基的试管置于水浴锅中加热熔化

(2)用无菌接种设备将某种细菌菌种接种到一支试管中,振荡试管,使细菌均匀混于培养基中,另一支试管不接种作为对照(2分)

(3)将2支试管置于恒温箱内培养,每天观察培养基中的菌落情况并做好记录(2分)三、预测实验可能会出现的结果,并得出相应的结论。

(1)若只在培养基的表面生长有这种细菌的菌落,则说明它是需氧型

(2)若只在培养基的底部生长有这种细菌的菌落,则说明它是厌氧型

(3)若培养基的表面和底部都生长有这种细菌的菌落,则说明它是兼性厌氧型

27、(2)将培养基的PH分别控制在3、5、7、9、11(3)将培养基灭菌(4)将等量的纤维素分解菌分别接种在上述培养基上(6)不能因为实验所控制的PH并不是真正连续的,且一次实验也可能有误差(7)刚果红染色法

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