《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(医学保健类 心理与健康)【圣才出品】

Passage11心理与健康

For more than fifty years we have known,or could have known,that there is an unconsciousness to counterbalance consciousness.Medical psychology has furnished all the necessary empirical and experimental profits of an unconscious psychic reality,which demonstrably influences consciousness and behavior.All this is known,but no practical conclusions have been drawn from it.We still go on thinking and acting as if we were simplex and not duplex.Accordingly,we imagine ourselves to be innocuous,reasonable,and humane.We do not think of distrusting our motives,but actually it is frivolous,superficial,and unreasonable of us,as well as psychically unhygienic,to overlook the reaction and viewpoint of the unconscious.

One can regard one’s stomach or heart as unimportant or even worthy of contempt,but nevertheless overeating and overexertion have consequences which affect the whole man.Yet we think that psychic changes and their consequences can be erased by mere words,for psyche means less than air to most people.All the same,nobody can deny that without the psyche there would be no world at all and still less a human world.Virtually everything depends on the human soul and its functions.It is worthy of all the attention we can give it,especially today when everyone admits that the weal or woe of the future will be decided not by attacks of wide animals,by natural catastrophes,or by the danger of worldwide epidemics but rather by the psychic changes in man.

Only an almost imperceptible disturbance of equilibrium in a few of our rulers’heads could

plunge the world into blood,fire,and radioactivity.The technical means to this destruction are available to both sides.And certain conscious deliberations, uncontrolled by an inner opponent,can be all too easily indulged,as we have already seen from the example of one“leader”.The consciousness of modern man still clings so much to outward objects that he believes them exclusively responsible,as if it were on them that decisions depended.That the psychic state of certain individuals could emancipate itself for once from the behavior of objects is something that is considered far too little,although irrationalities of this sort are observed every day and can happen to everyone.

1.The author’s main purpose in writing this selection was to______.

A.prove the existence of the psyche

B.emphasize the importance of the study of psychology

C.point out the danger of ignoring the psychic changes in man

D.belittle the importance of man’s physical nature

2.Why did the author mention stomach and heart at the beginning of the second paragraph?

A.To show that overeating and overexertion have bad consequences

B.To show that stomach and heart are worthy of contempt

C.To show that ignoring of the psyche may lead to bad results,just as ignoring

stomach and heart may have bad consequences

D.To show that psyche means less than air to most people

3.According to the author,what may be the cause of a war?

A.The increase in radioactivity

B.The disturbance of the balance of the leaders’minds

C.The danger of world-wide epidemics

D.The efforts of scientists to produce the technical means to destroy the enemy

4.To which of the following statements would the author disagree?

A.Sometimes human beings are unreasonable because of the influence of the

unconsciousness.

B.Modern man should pay more attention to the outward objects.

C.The weal or woe of the future will be decided by the psychic changes in man.

D.The fate of the world may depend on the balance between the conscious and

the unconscious in the minds of our leaders.

5.What does“inner opponent”(para.3)refer to?

A.psyche

B.psychic changes

C.equilibrium of minds

D.unconsciousness

【答案与解析】

1.C本文主要强调了要重视人的心理变化并指出了忽视心理变化的危害，所以应选C。

2.C第二段开头部分说明吃得过多或努力过度是忽视胃和心脏的一种表现，这会对人的身

体产生不好的影响。同样，忽视人的心理也会产生不好的结果。

3.B第三段第一句“disturbance of equilibrium in a few of our rulers’heads could

plunge the world into blood，fire，and radioactivity”说明统治者心理平衡的变化会成为战争爆发的原因。“blood，fire，and radioactivity”是比喻用法，表示战争。

4.B第三段倒数第二句说明作者认为现代人过于重视外部事物，对心理状态关注得不够，

因此作者不会赞同选项B。

5.D第一段第一句提到“there is an unconsciousness to counterbalance

consciousness”，由此可知与consciousness相对的“inner opponent”指的是unconsciousness。