2015年3月英语高级口译第一阶段笔试真题及答案解析

2015年3月英语高级口译第一阶段笔试真题及答案解析

(1~20/共20题)Part A Spot Dictation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

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Global warming? You may accept or reject those who say it is a dangerous phenomenon. But if the planet is warming, and humanity is contributing to it, shouldn′t someone be__1__? If the Earth is, in fact, engaged in a long-term warming cycle? And if humanity is partly responsible —__2__?

Possible solutions to global warming range from the simple to the complex, from changing__3__to engineering giant reflectors in space. The most talked about solutions involve expanded use of__4__, and less reliance on fossil fuels.

Volcanoes, forest fires, ocean and atmospheric variability are __5__that change climate conditions. Might nature correct the warming trend itself? Climate scientists say that it seems very unlikely. __6__. Science gives us likelihood. We think that it′s likely that__7__of the last few decades isn′t due to the usual causes such as changes__8__, changes in the sun, volcanoes, but it′s due primarily to humans__9__.

John Topping of the nonprofit Climate Institute says it will be __10__, not governments, coming up with solutions. He argues that we need to__11__in the direction of emerging clean energy technologies and part of that′s going to happen because we, as consumers, step forward and we are conscious__12__to get more energy-efficient products. Higher gas prices are making __13__more attractive to consumers. Building and home constructions are becoming more energy efficient. Climate change is__14__. But climate change also provides an opportunity for countries__15__, and the only way to advance much globally, is to look at approaches that protect the environment at the same time that they__16__.

Wider application of renewable energy resources could reduce greenhouse gases and__17__. Some scientists are suggesting grander solutions, involving__18__: building huge sunshades in space, for example, tinkering with clouds to make them __19__, perhaps tricking oceans into soaking up __20__.

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(21~25/共20题)Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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第21题

A.Quitting drinking.

B.Treating drug addiction.

C.Getting rid of smoking.

D.Hypnotizing for medical purposes.

第22题

A.Four.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Unknown.

第23题

A.Acupuncture.

B.Hypnotization.

C.Psychotherapy.

D.Physiotherapy.

第24题

A.She lives with her husband and two daughters.

B.She has been married for just a couple of years.

C.She′s a full-time housewife with no kids.

D.She′s a single mother with a 12-year-old son.

第25题

A.Three.

B.Two.

C.One.

D.Half a year.

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(26~30/共20题)Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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第26题

A.0.4%.

B.0.7%.

C.1.1%.

D.1.7%.

第27题

A.$8 billion.

B.$18 billion.

C.Over 90%.

D.Three-quarters.

第28题

A.Start afresh an era for a vibrant auto production base in Australia.

B.Reduce the costs to make Australia an attractive auto-making base.

C.Cut 2500 jobs in its Australian plants before the end of this year.

D.Stop making cars and engines in Australia by the end of 2017.

第29题

A.Its jobless rate is 12 % at present.

B.1. 38 million people are officially jobless.

C.The number of people out of work is 1. 9 million.

D.Its unemployment rate is expected to drop further.

第30题

A.She drove the wrong way on freeways and caused an accident.

B.She ran down six people in drunk driving on a "girls′ night out".

C.She did killing under the influence of alcohol and drugs.

D.She got involved in a horrific drug crime in Los Angeles.

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(31~35/共20题)Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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第31题

A.In his early childhood.

B.In late 1965.

C.In the early ′90s.

D.In the 21st century.

第32题

A.The boy had sold one of his paintings.

B.The boy had found a special training method.

C.The boy could give his father an art lesson.

D.The boy could draw better than his father.

第33题

A.He learnt a variety of artistic styles and created one of his own.

B.He copied paintings of different artistic styles by way of tracing.

C.He taught himself painting using methods that are different from others′.

D.He had been tutored by an artist when he was only four years old.

第34题

A.She was a commercial artist all her life.

B.She was constantly creating something.

C.She was not as encouraging as her husband.

D.She outlived her husband for five years.

第35题

A.Working with a grocery store.

B.Cooking pizza.

C.Acting in a drama.

D.Editing a newspaper.

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(36~40/共20题)Part B Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

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第36题

A.Globalization and exporting activities.

B.Different types of overseas markets.

C.Different relationships between export and import.

D.The transition from export marketing to global marketing.

第37题

A.The overall investment costs are low.

B.It is common to use agents, but not distributers.

C.All sales centers are in home markets.

D.Management is centered on the overseas base.

第38题

A.The investment is not so high as export marketing.

B.There is much more employment of home management.

C.Production has expanded to overseas markets.

D.Local management is not responsible for making a profit.

第39题

A.The business is established in all major world markets.

B.The brand name or names are international.

C.The business has a global identity.

D.The business has cost centers all over the world.

第40题

A.Export marketing.

B.International marketing.

C.Global marketing.

D.It′s not mentioned in the talk.

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(41~45/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TEST

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Since a gigantic Sainsbury is my local corner shop, I have a purseful of those coupons: "Here′s ￡l. 45 off your next visit", etc. But lately I′ve felt 1 deserve another voucher: "Here′s a tax rebate on the cash you pay our low-paid workers so they can subsist. " The chances are they couldn′t get by without you. A survey of Sainsbury employees by Unite last year found that 60% relied upon government working tax credits to top up their salaries. Even so, in the previous six months, a third had resorted to borrowing money to settle their bills. Low pay is always seen as a leftie, bleeding-heart issue. Poor oppressed workers. Aux barricades! Rather it should raise the blood pressure of every taxpayer.

The constant conniptions of supermarkets competing for market share, discounting their rivals, fighting off the German upstarts Aldi and Lidl, distract from the fact that they are vastly wealthy. Sainsbury′s underlying profits for 2012-13 were ￡758 million: these have trebled in a decade. Who could begrudge Sainsbury′s new CEO Mike Coupe his ￡900,000 basic salary, if only he paid all his 157,000 retail staff enough to live on without you and me chipping in? But he doesn′t and, bizarrely, no one is inclined to make him.

Voters abhor a high welfare bill or the notion that benefits arc rising faster than wages. But if the chancellor wanted to take ￡300 a year from every low-paid household, ￡490 from families with children, could he not at least have added: "I call upon our friends in business to make up the difference: to help cut the welfare bill, by paying all their employees a living wage. " Because the problem is not just soaring welfare but stagnating wages. For the first time in British history, the majority of those classified in poverty already have jobs. In the last decade, food bills have increased by 44% , energy costs more than doubled, but even now that the economy has rallied, wages have barely picked up. Now 5. 2 million of the workforce are paid below a rate at which decent life is sustainable. And since, without government support, families on minimum wage would barely be able to feed their children, in-work benefits cost taxpayers ￡28 billion a year. During the Tory and Labour conferences, much was said about "political disconnect" —the

angry distrust voters feel towards the major Westminster parties. It was ascribed to ideological differences on Europe. But deep down, it′s about money, stupid. Life is a trudge and people see no one capable of lightening their step. The idea that prosperity should be shared, increased productivity linked to wages, fell apart in the 1980s. As Warren Buffett said recently, the class war was won "by my class, the rich class". Employees know that even low-paid jobs are precious, that if they contemplate something as audaciously retro as striking, a pool of labour could rush to take their place.

Companies relish their upper hand, play the austerity card during pay rounds even now times are better. When the retailer Next was asked why, despite record profits, its wages were still below the living wage, it replied that since 30 people applied for every job advertised, how could it be paying too little? While the executive googles ski-breaks in Verbier, the cleaner emptying his bin walks to work to save on bus fares. The low-paid don′t merely have less stuff: they have less stable relationships and weaker health. Are their struggles invisible to those who pay their terrible salaries, or do they not care?

I was encouraged to read in the report by the Living Wage Commission that not all lack heart. Sir John Bond, then chairman of HSBC, was moved by a speech from a Canary Wharf cleaner. Both then introduced the living wage. Indeed Guy Stallard of KPMG, whose company has paid it since 2006, says staff turnover is lower and morale up. Give people the means to be fully human and they will be loyal. Now eight companies on the FTSE 100 index pay the living wage. But in retail, which has the biggest proportion of low-paid workers, not a single high street name has signed up. These days our only political muscle is as consumers, choosing Fairtrade, making ethical investments. And there would be great kudos for the first of the big four supermarkets who stopped sitting on its mega-profits while adding staff wage bills to the welfare tab.

第41题

Why does the author say that low pay of supermarket workers "should raise the blood pressure of every taxpayer"(para. 1)?

A.Because the low-paid workers would pay less income tax.

B.Because the tax office would give them more tax credits.

C.Because the supermarket employees could only get by with customers.

D.Because taxpayers would have to pay more for their in-work benefits.

第42题

What does the author imply when she says that "the majority of those classified in poverty already have jobs" for the first time in British history(para. 3)?

A.Unemployment remains a major issue in the U. K.

B.Employment is the key to eradicate poverty.

C.Instead of unemployment, low wages become the major issue.

D.Social welfare is always connected to employees′ income.

第43题

The author introduced Warren Buffet in paragraph 4 to illustrate that______.

A.a company′s success is mainly attributable to its top executives

B.workers′ wages are no longer closely related to increased productivity

C.in the Western world today the rich people win the war against the poor

D.people with low pay should not resort to striking

第44题

What is the argument of the retailer Next?

A.As too many people applied for every job advertised, the pay could not be low.

B.Record profits have already shown that workers got their living wage.

C.If fewer people apply for jobs advertised, then they will consider raising salaries.

D.The retailer has to play the austerity card even in better time.

第45题

Which of the following best shows the author′s attitude towards the issue of supermarkets employees′ low wages?

A.Indifferent, neutral, and matter-of-fact.

B.Sympathetic, argumentative, and suggestive.

C.Vehement, antagonistic, and opposing.

D.Political, negotiating, and diplomatic.

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(46~50/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TEST

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

When young college graduates decide where to move, they are not just looking at the usual suspects, like New York, Washington and San Francisco. Other cities are increasing their share of these valuable residents at an even higher rate and have reached a high overall percentage, led by Denver, San Diego, Nashville, Salt Lake City and Portland, Ore. , according to a report published Monday by City Observatory, a new think tank. And as young people continue to spurn the suburbs for urban living, more of them are moving to the very heart of cities. The number of college-educated people age 25 to 34 living within three miles of city centers has surged, up 37 % since 2000.

Some cities are attracting young talent while their overall population falls, like Pittsburgh and New Orleans. And in a reversal, others that used to be magnets, like Atlanta and Charlotte, are struggling to attract them at the same rate. Even as Americans over all have become less likely to move, young, college educated people continue to move at a high clip—about a million cross state lines each year. Where they end up provides a map of the cities that have a chance to be the economic powerhouses of the future. "There is a very strong track record of places that attract talent becoming places of long-term success," said economist Edward Glaeser, "The most successful economic development policy is to attract and retain smart people and then get out of their way. "

The economic effects reach beyond the work the young people do, according to economist Enrico Moretti, For every college graduate who takes a job in an innovation industry, he found, five additional jobs are eventually created in that city. "It′s a type of growth that feeds on itself—the more young workers you have, the more companies are interested in locating their operations in that area and the more young people are going to move there," he said. About 25% more young college graduates live in major metropolitan areas today than in 2000, which is double the percentage increase in cities′total population. All the 51 biggest metros except Detroit have gained young talent, either from net migration to the cities or from residents

graduating from college. It is based on data from the American Community Survey and written by Joe Cortright, an economisl who runs City Observatory and Impresa, a consulting firm on regional economies.

Denver has become one of the most powerful magnets. Its population of the young and educated is up 47% since 2000, nearly double the percentage increase in the New York metro area. And 7. 5% of Denver′s population is in this group, more than the national average of 5. 2%. Denver has many of the tangible things young people want, economists say, including mountains, sunshine and jobs in booming industries like tech. Perhaps more important, it also has the ones that give cities the perception of cultural cool. "With lots of cultural things to do and getting away to the mountains, you can have the work-play balance more than any place I′ve ever lived," said Colleen Douglass, 27, a video producer at a start-up Craftsy. "There′s this really thriving start-up scene here, and the sense we can be in a place we love and work at a cool new company. "

Other cities that have had significant increases in a young and educated population and that now have more than their share include San Diego, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, Nashville, Salt Lake City and Portland, Ore. At the other end of the spectrum are the cities where less than 4% of the population are young college graduates. Among those, Detroit lost about 10% of this group, while Providence gained just 6% and Memphis 10%. Atlanta, one of the biggest net gainers of young graduates in the 1990s, has taken a sharp turn. Its young, educated population has increased just 2. 8% since 2000, significantly less than its overall population. It is suffering the consequences of overenthusiasm for new houses and new jobs before the crash, economists say. The effects of the migration of the young are most vividly seen in urban cores. In 1980, young adults were 10% more likely than other people to live in these areas, according to the report from City Observatory, which is sponsored by the Knight Foundation. In 2010, they were 51% more likely, and those with college degrees were 126% more likely. The trend extends to all the largest metropolitan areas except Detroit and Birmingham. Of the most populous metropolitan areas, Washington and Philadelphia showed the largest increases of young adults living there, at 75 and 78%. Washington also had the largest share of young college graduates over all, at 8. 1%. "They want somelhing exciting, culturally fun, involving a lot of diversity—and their fathers′suburban lifestyle doesn′t seem to be all that thrilling," Mr. Glaeser said. How many eventually desert the city centers as they age remains to be seen, but demographers predict that many will stay. They say that could bolster city economies, lead to decreases in crime and improvements in public schools. If the trends continue, places like Pittsburgh and Buffalo could develop a new reputation— as role models for resurgence.

第46题

Which of the following can best serve as the title for the passage?

A.More Young People arc Spurning the Suburbs for Urban Living

B.Urban Migration of College Graduates is Expanding

C.Innovation Industry Offers College Graduates More Urban Posts

D.An Increasing Number of Young Adults Live in Washington and Philadelphia

第47题

The expression "(to)get out of their way"(para. 2)can best be paraphrased as______.

A.to offer college graduates jobs in innovation industry

B.to give full play to their initiatives

C.to help them find additional jobs in city areas

D.to study the migration trends of college-educated people

第48题

All of the following are true about City Observatory EXCEPT that______.

A.it is a think tank newly established

B.it is not a consulting firm on urban migration

C.it is sponsored by the Knight Foundation

D.it is a consulting firm on urban migration

第49题

Denver has become one of the most powerful magnets. Which of the following does not contribute to this?

A.Denver has the most colleges and universities in the region.

B.Denver offers jobs in booming industries such as high tech.

C.Denver owns a free and diversified cultural environment.

D.Denver has many attractions, including mountains and sunshine.

第50题

What is the purpose of tracking the migration of young college graduates in America?

A.To establish the successful economic development policy.

B.To compare the migration of young people and that of Americans over all.

C.To find out the relationship between young migration and long-term urban success.

D.To set up role models for resurgence of major metropolitan cities.

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(51~55/共20题)SECTION 2 READING TEST

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write tile letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People moved quickly in April to cancel plans to bestow a lifetime achievement award on Donald Sterling, owner of the Los Angeles Clippers and a longtime NAACP contributor, who was caught on tape scolding a female friend for posting online photos with black friends. Many people were surprised to learn the civil rights organization ever meant to praise a man with a history of discriminating against blacks. They shouldn′t have been. In 2009 the NAACP′s Los Angeles chapter honored Sterling with its President′s Award, as he agreed to pay $ 2. 8 million to settle federal civil charges that he unfairly treated blacks at L. A. apartment buildings he owns. Sterling is one of several individuals and institutions with reputations in need of repair who′ve received accolades or favorable treatment from the NAACP, at times before or after large donations. At the May 15 gala where Sterling was supposed to pick up his prize, the group′s L. A. chapter will honor executives from Wal-Mart Stores and FedEx, both major contributors embroiled in long-running controversies involving allegations of employment discrimination. The companies deny the allegations.

The group′s financial disclosures show each company gave the NAACP $ 200,000- $ 999,999 in 2011. That year the U. S. Supreme Court backed Walmart in a major employment discrimination lawsuit brought against the company by women employees. The ruling made it harder to mount class actions alleging discrimination by employers. FedEx has settled many race discrimination

claims, including a $ 53 million payout to truck drivers in 2007. The NAACP also accepted more than $ 1 million from Bank of America in 2011, the same year the bank agreed to pay a record $ 335 million in a federal lawsuit alleging predatory lending to minorities. Spokesmen for Walmart and FedEx said their companies have long supported the NAACP solely because of its good work. Bank of America didn′t respond to requests for comment. Peter Dreier, director of the urban and environmental policy department at Occidental College in Los Angeles, says donating to the NAACP has become a painless way for corporations accused of racism to ensure a measure of sympathy, or at least silence, from the civil rights group, whose leaders rarely criticize the misbehavior of those who give it money. "The NAACP, with its glittering history of incredible activism, has become an empty shell," he says.

The NAACP isn′t the only organization to spruce up big companies′ reputations. "It′s part of every communication specialist′s playbook to align clients who have particular issues with nonprofits that are strong in those issues," says crisis communications strategist Sam Singer. At times it can backfire when the relationship between sinner and redeemer seems a little too convenient—or has the whiff of quid pro quo. Environmentalists have taken the World Wildlife Fund to task for accepting money from companies that use a lot of water and other natural resources, including Coca-Cola, then lending its respected panda logo to their corporate sustainability campaigns.

The NAACP hasn′t been loo picky about where its donations come from. The late Benjamin Hooks once joked that the only thing "tainted" about tobacco industry money was "there ain′t enough of it," according to tobacco industry documents from lawsuits against cigarette makers. A 2009 resolution condemning the industry for targeting blacks—who suffer an inordinate health toll from smoking died without a floor vote at the NAACP′s centennial convention, says Carol McGruder, co chair of the African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council. "When you let unethical corporations associate themselves with our organizations, it makes them look like they′re doing something for our community, and they′re not," McGruder says. "The harm they do to our people is not offset by their corporate giving. " The NAACP′s interim president and CEO, Lorraine Miller, wrote in an e-mail that money "docs not buy corporations a free pass if their actions run afoul of our mission. We do not hesitate to stand up to, speak out against or even sue our corporate contributors when we differ on an issue of civil rights. "

In 2009 the NAACP did sue a contributor. Wells Fargo, over alleged predatory lending practices targeting blacks, allegations Wells Fargo denied. But the group dropped the case in 2010, saying it would instead "work constructively" with the bank. Wells Fargo announced it would donate $ 2. 5 million a year for five years to fund an NAACP financial literacy campaign. "The more we learned about each other, the more we decided to collaborate," says Wells Fargo Senior Vice President Gigi Dixon. The federal government didn′t let the bank off so easily. In 2012, Wells Fargo agreed to pay $ 184 million to settle allegations that it steered black borrowers into subprime loans.

第51题

Which of the following can best serve as the title for the passage?

A.Donald Sterling, A Longtime Contributors Rejected by NAACP

B.For Donors, the NAACP Forgives and Forgets

C.The NAACP Fights Employment Discrimination Lawsuit

D.Reputations of NAACP′s Donors are in Need of Repair

第52题