语法专题九形容词和副词
专题九 形容词和副词
◆形容词和副词的考查要点
1．形容词和副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用
来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以
下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：
(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a task difficult to finish
(2)表语形容词(afraid ，alike ，alone ，asleep ，awake ，alive 等)作定语，定语后置。如a man alive 。
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well ，faint ，ill 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill
如作定语意为“bad ”。
(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one ，no ，any ，some 和every 构成的复合词如anything ，something
等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。
(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
(7)频度副词如often ，always ，usually 等在be 动词后，行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语，定语后置。
The person there is waiting for you.
(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示
代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词＋大小、
长短或高低词＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
(10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively ，lonely ，lovely ，deadly ，friendly ，
ugly ，silly ，likely ，brotherly ，timely 等。
②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：
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???? deep 深deeply 深入地 ?????
wide 宽广widely 广泛地
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???? high 高highly 高度地 ?????
low 位置低lowly 地位卑微 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词：
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???? dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired ?
???? pretty 相当 be pretty certain that...prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed ?????
close 近 Don ’t sit close.closely 密切地 Watch closely ！ ?????
late 晚，迟 arrive late ，come late lately 最近 I haven ’t seen him lately (recently ). 题组训练1
选词填空 sharp ，occasionally ，thankfully ，optional ，particular ，besides ，transparent ，permanent ，steady ，quite
1．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music ，but it is quite another to play it well yourself.
2．The old engineer ’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came
across the room was steady ，though slow.
3．An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person ’s character ；however ，they
are not always permanent. 4．The state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to
monitor the use of money.
5．The house was too expensive and too ，I ’d grown fond of our little rented house.
6．She has already tried her don ’t be too particular about her job.
7．In that school ，English is compulsory for all students ，but French and Russian are optional.
8．Thankfully ，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
9．I ’ve been writing this report occasionally for the last two weeks ，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
10．Nowadays ，there is a sharp increase in children ’s creativity ，for they are greatly encouraged
to develop their talents.
2．形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so(as) high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.
This room is three times as large as that one.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lot，
a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。
He works even harder than before.
注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
The harder he works，the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)，prior(在……之前)等。He is superior to in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that
指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。
(A)A is three (four，etc.) times the size(height，length，etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
(B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(C)A is three (four，etc.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。
This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the tallest (boy) in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
⑥否定词＋比较级＝最高级
He has never spent a more worrying day.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most＝very)
The film is most interesting.(most＝very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加the。
Who is the older of the two boys?
④在“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构中。
The more，the better.
(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。
①as much as＋不可数名词数量多达
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as＋可数名词数量多达
I have as many as sixteen reference books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知(论)
We might go as far as(走到) the church and back.
As far as I know(就我所知)，he has been there before.
⑤may(might，could) as well不妨，不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as...as one can尽某人所能的……
They are as unreliable as they can be.
He began to run，as fast as he could.
⑦as...as possible尽可能……的
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
题组训练2
1．The longer you stay(你呆的时间越长)，the better it will be.
2．The new city is becoming more and more beautiful (变得越来越美丽了)．
3．China is larger than any other country in Asia (比亚洲任何其他国家都大)．
4．The taller of the two boys(这两个男孩中较高的那个) is my brother.
5．The road is five times as long as that one.(同义句改写)
The road is five times the length of that one.
The road is four times longer than that one.
3．几组重要的词语辨析
(1)very和much的区别。
①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。
②表示状态的过去分词前用very。如a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very complicated problem。一般情况下，以-ing，-ed结尾的分词多用much，very much/greatly等修饰。
We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.
I was much amused by Jack ’s attitude.
③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very 。如：very interesting /worrying/exciting 。
④too 前用much ，a lot 或far ，不用very 。如：You are much /far/a lot too nice.另外，在too many /much ，too few/little 前用far 。
There ’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days.
We ’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very ，而用quite ，completely ，well ，entirely 。如：quite wrong(mistaken ，sure)，completely dead ，quite impossible ，quite perfect 等。(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone ，very much alone ，wide awake ，fast asleep ，very much afraid 。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth ，much the same ，freezing cold ，quite different ，terribly cold/frightening 。
(2)so...that...与such...that...的区别。
????? so ＋形容词/副词＋that...so ＋形容词＋a (n )＋可数名词单数＋that...so ＋many/few ＋复数名词＋that...so ＋much/little (少)＋不可数名词＋that...
????? such ＋a (n )＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that...such ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that...
such ＋形容词＋复数名词＋that...
注意：下列结构中只能用so 不可用such ，当名词前有many ，much ，little ，few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如so much progress ，so many people ，so little food ，so few apples 等。但当little 表示“小”时用such 。如：These are such little boys that they can ’t dress themselves.下列so 的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem ，so difficult problems ，so hot weather 。
(3)其他几组词的辨析。
①ago ，before ：ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before 而不用ago 。
②already ，yet ，still ：already 表示某事已经发生；yet 表示期待某事发生；still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
③too ，also ，either ：too 和also 用于肯定句，too 多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either 用于否定句。
④good ，well ：与good 不同的是，well 作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
⑤quick ，fast ：作形容词皆表示“快”。fast 多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick 多指一
次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。
⑥real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
◆语法与写作
根据提示翻译下面的句子
1．同时，我将会把帮助我们的环境干净、有益健康作为我的职责。(meanwhile)(2013·安徽·书面表达)
Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.
2．不是空喊口号，给有需要的孩子们捐献书籍和体育用品更有意义。(使用比较级)(2013·江苏·书面表达)
Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
3．那个晚上的月亮在整个农历月份中看上去最亮。(使用最高级)(2013·辽宁·书面表达)
The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole lunar month.
4．首先，我把散落在房间里的书籍、报纸和其他东西整理好，放到合适的地方。(firstly)(2013·陕西·书面表达)
Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.
5．而且，根据学习进程时间表应该不时地更新。(besides)(2013·四川·书面表达)
Besides，the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study from time to time.
◆语法填空
Help is one of the easiest things to get from people—but for some，one of the hardest to ask you able to ask for the help you need (eager)?
American author Cynthia Kersey told of one man that asked for help from an unlikely source，and got it！Pole vaulter(撑杆跳选手) and two-time Olympic gold medalist，Bob Richards working(work) to break the pole vaulting record held by Dutch matter how he tried，he was still foot below his ，he bravely picked up the phone and called Dutch and asked for invited him for a visit,(promise) to help if he he spent three days training Bob and correcting his a result，Bob’s performance went up eight inches.
Most people will gladly they must be (企业家) Brian Tracy instructs，“Ask for what for help，
ask for advice and ideas—but never be afraid to ask.”Or as the saying goes，“You don’t always get what you ask for, you never get what you don’t ask for.”
Do you need help？It may be (easy) to get than you ask for it！
高中英语形容词和副词精讲
语法复习专题四——形容词和副词 备考建议： 1．从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点： (1)形容词的比较级和最高级； (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。 另外，考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。 2．对于比较级的考查，淡化结构，注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的，而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。 3．在加强考查词义辨析的题目中，高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法)，随着新教材词汇量的增大，而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力： 1．对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成，要加强记忆、找出其中规律；灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。 2．对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识，多数形容词在加-ly后，词义基本不变，而有些则不同，如：hard—hardly. 3．加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用，尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义，比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序，形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析，要不断地提高分析试题的能力，克服思维定势，灵活运用所学的知识。 (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上，不能留任何疑点。 (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习，要做到“词不离句，句不离义”。做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。 (3)判断句子成分，如果是作定语、表语等，一般是用形容词；如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词，一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况，如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。 (4)分清句子结构，看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。 (5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。 考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记； （1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如：a language difficult to master （2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。 （3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.
小学英语语法副词
小学英语语法 副词 副词的意义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全局的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。副词根据他们的意义，可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词和疑问副词。 The house is very small. My answer is quite easy. 副词的分类： 时间副词：today, tomorrow, yesterday, always, often, now, before 地点副词：here, there, down, up, down 方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast 程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too 疑问副词：why, what, where, when,how 副词的位置 副词修饰动词、动名词、名词是，通常放在被修饰词后。 I’m working carefully. He has never visited the Great Wall. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于被修饰的词前。 The book is very interesting, I like it very much. She swims quickly enough. 副词修饰数词时，通常位于数词前。
The women is over forty, but she looks very young. 副词的排列顺序 副词表示时间地点时，小单位在前，大单位在后。 Next week, I’ll reach Kunming, China. Lucy was born on November 12th,1985,in Changchun, Jilin Province.副词表示方式时，拼写短的在前，拼写长的在后，并用and或者but连接。Can you say it slowly and clearly 形容词、副词的转化
初中英语语法之形容词、副词
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初一英语语法之形容词副词
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初中英语语法知识—副词的知识点
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初中英语语法形容词、副词精华版
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新初中英语语法知识—副词的分类汇编及解析
一、选择题 1．Han Han’s books are_______ written and sell______. A．good ; good B．good ; well C．well; well D．well ; good 2．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______? —I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong. A．to there; the first B．there; my first C．in there; my first D．there; my the first 3．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school. A．never; for B．never; to C．always; for D．always; to 4．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 5．My grandpa stays________in a (an) ________house, but he doesn't feel________. A．alone; alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely; alone C．alone; lonely; alone D．alone; lonely; lonely 6．Of us all, Kangkang worked . A．hardest B．most hardly C．harder 7．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 8．If you don’t work ________enough, I don’t think your dream will come ________. A．hardly;truly B．hard;true C．hardly;true 9．Look after yourself and take care of your pet. A．well; well B．good; good C．well; good D．good; well 10．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon. A．get home B．get to home C．gets to home D．gets home 11．—Talking with my parents is _____________ difficult for me. They never understand me.—Don’t worry. Nothing is difficult if you try your best. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometime 12．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 13．“The new technology is so ________ used in the world!” said Mr. White surprisedly with his eyes wide open. A．wide B．widely C．heavy D．heavily 14．--What do you think of the football match? --Wonderful! The Chinese football team has never played __________. A．worse B．worst C．better D．best 15．—Remember, ________ you do your homework, ________ mistakes you will make.
英语语法：形容词基本含义及用法
英语语法：形容词基本含义及用法 一、以-ly结尾的形容词 1、绝大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early ① The Times is a daily paper. ② The Times is published daily. 二、用形容词表示类别和整体 1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry。———— The poor are losing hope. 2、相关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. ————The English have wonderful sense of humor. 三、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别）
英语语法--形容词与副词
英语语法——形容词与副词 来源：普特英语 形容词 1.1 什么是形容词 形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿 the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画 modern history现代历史 1.2 形容词的用法 形容词在句中可用作： 1)定语 He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。 The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。 2)表语 The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人，而且富有教育意义。 I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如： Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗? We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。 4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。如： The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语) The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the blind作主语) He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the new作宾语) [注一]上述三例中的the young = the young people，the blind the Blind people，the new the new things. [注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。 1.3 形容词的位置 形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18)，但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如： a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物
英语形容词和副词专题
形容词和副词 考纲解读 内容解读 1．了解形容词、副词的基本功能及在句子中的位置； 2．掌握形容词、副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置；同根副词的辨析；enough, convenient等的用法。 能力解读 1．具备在特定语境中选择恰当的形容词、副词的能力； 2．掌握英语中形容词、副词的语法特点及它们之间的语义差异。 五年高考 07年高考题组 ( )1. (07湖南, 26) It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so . A. far B. well C. little D. badly ( )2. (07湖南, 35) There is an old proverb, ―Love me, love my dog.‖But there is wisdom in this: ―Love me, love my book.‖ A. some B. much C. more D. most ( )3. (07全国II, 9) After two years’ research, we now have a better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite ( )4. (07全国II, 10) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known ( )5. (07北京, 30) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here . A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest ( )6. (07天津, 9) A new bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common ( )7. (07天津, 14) The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly ( )8. (07上海, 27) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully ( )9. (007上海, 42) Since Tom downloaded a virus into his computer, he cannot open the file now. A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly ( )10. (07上海, 44) John was dismissed last week because of his attitude towards his job.
【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结
【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结 一、单项选择副词 1．He wasn’t to lift the case. A．too strong B．enough strong C．strong enough D．so strong 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查enough的用法。句意：他没有力气提起箱子。此处enough“足够”是副词，修饰形容词时放在形容词后面。故选C。 2．The man should be excused because he caused the damage _______． A．deliberately B．unintentionally C．meaningfully D．determinedly 【答案】B 【解析】 句意为这个人应该被原谅，因为他是无意中造成了伤害。故选unintentionally无意地。 3．Instead of hiding behind walls, a defender sometimes must ________ engage and disable enemy forces before they strike. A．flexibly B．actively C．primitively D．conservatively 【答案】B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. flexibly易曲地，柔软地；B. actively活跃地，积极地；C. primitively最初地，自学而成地；D. conservatively保存地，保守地；句意：守卫者有时必须在敌方部队攻击前________吸引火力并打倒他们，而不是躲在墙后面。只有选B表示“积极地吸引火力”符合语境。 4．Pollution has reached high level in some urban areas, which is quite worrying. A．disturbingly B．slightly C．exactly D．flexibly 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词。句意：在一些城市污染已经到了令人不安的程度，这是相当令人担忧的。根据后边which is quite worrying这是相当令人担忧的，可知前边污染已经达到了令人不安的程度。A令人不安地；B轻微地；C恰好地；D灵活地。故选A。 5．They gave mo ney to the old people’s home either _____ or through their companies. (安徽2015) A．legally B．sincerely