最新高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项训练及答案

最新高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)专项训练及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

The arts, especially music, should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.

Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang(团伙). Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.

Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence.

Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.

（1）According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _______________.

A.improving their classroom skills and paying attention

B.improving their classroom skills and imagination

C.improving their attention, direction and imagination

D.learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas

（2）What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean?

A.unwilling to turn on

B.always looking

C.unwilling to leave

D.always playing

（3）The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _______________.

A.give children self-expression and self-confidence

B.bring to children achievement and success

C.give children something to be proud of

D.develop children's self-confidence

（4）What's the best title of this passage?

A.Music is a must as a course at school.

B.Music builds children's self-confidence.

C.Music makes students much smarter.

D.Learning music and making music.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文介绍了音乐在学生的成长过程中不容忽视的作用，应该被列为学校里的一门必修课程．音乐不但能够提高学生们的注意力和服从指挥的能力，而且也能让学生发挥想象力，培养他们的创造能力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They could improve their classroom skills”和“Making musi c also lets children use their imagination”可知，音乐通过提高学生的课堂技能和发挥他们的想象力，使其更加聪明。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Parents can enjoy listening to their children's music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen.”家长们能享受孩子们的音乐，而不是看他们不愿离开电脑或电视。glue的原意“似胶般固着于”，这里引申为“不愿离开”。故选C。

（3）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Music builds self-confidence, too.”音乐也建立自信可知, 故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“The arts, especially music, should be part of every school's lessons at every grade level.”即本篇文章的主题句。根据概括标题需遵循“征对性、概括性、醒目性”的原则可知A为最佳答案，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

It is hard to say the first day of school in the United States because when the first day of school is and what happens on the first day of school usually are different by districts(地区).

The first day of school for many school districts in different states is on the day after the first Monday in September. In some other school districts, school begins in mid-to-late August. For example, the Denver, Colorado schools go back in mid-August and schools in Cleveland, Ohio start back usually one week before the first Monday in September. The Boston, Chicago, New York City and San Diego schools start back on the Tuesday or Wednesday after the first Monday in September.

Schools in Cleveland, Ohio used to start the school year on the day after the first Monday in September, but in the 1976-1977 and 1977-1978 academic years, the school year was affected by several bad snowstorms, extreme cold. In the 1978-1979 school year, the Ohio Department of Education moved the start of the year to late August, one week before the first Monday in September. This went into effect in the 1980-1981 school year.

In most school districts in Utah, the school year starts between August 25 and August 30, and goes until the last week of May or the first week in June next year.

In American high schools, the freshmen class usually goes back one or two days before the rest

of the school body for an orientation(迎新)period. An orientation period helps the freshmen get familiar with their new school, its rules, and surroundings.

In some schools, the freshmen classes have their photographs taken for identification purposes. Some high schools have tried to make the first week of school fun for incoming freshmen.

（1）According to the passage, which schools start their school year the earliest?

A. Schools in Denver.

B. Schools in Cleveland.

C. Schools in New York City.

D. Schools in Boston.

（2）Why did the Ohio Department of Education change the start of the school year?

A. Because of some political events.

B. Because of the entrance examinations.

C. Because of the increasing number of students.

D. Because of the extreme weather.

（3）How many months does the school year last in schools in Utah?

A. About seven months.

B. About eight months.

C. About nine months.

D. About ten months.

（4）The article is probably taken from ________.

A. a book about one's life story

B. an official website of education

C. an advertisement in a newspaper

D. a sports magazine

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国开学第一天的日期没有明文规定，因地区而异。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”For example, the Denver, Colorado schools go back in mid-August and schools in Cleveland, …Monday in September.“ 可知，丹佛的学校在八月中旬开学,克里夫兰的学校通常在9月的第一个星期一之前开始。波士顿，芝加哥，纽约和圣地亚哥的学校在9月的第一个星期一之后的周二或周三开始。综上所述，丹佛的学校开学最早。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"but in the 1976-1977 and 1977-1978 academic years，the school year was affected by several bad snowstorms，extreme cold"可知俄亥俄州的学校受到暴风雪的影响，因而开学日发生了变化。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”In most school districts in Utah, the school year starts …next year.“可知犹太州学年从8月25日到8月30日开始，一直持续到5月的最后一周或明年6月的第一周，持续时间为九个月左右，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国学校开学第一天的日期的内容，应属教育类，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest

getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. Many people exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting 150 minutes every week is easy.

But what about those times when you are sick? If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise habit? Health experts answer these and other questions.

Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at the Mayo Clinic. He and other experts have a general rule of yes about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise, he explains, if your symptoms (症状)are all "above the neck". These signs may include a runny nose, a blocked nose, sneezing or a minor sore throat.

Geralyn Coopersmith is a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition. Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear "below the neck". Pay special attention to symptoms such as chest congestion, extreme cough or pain in the stomach.

There are other symptoms that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include: a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, and widespread muscle pain.

Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.

（1）How long should people do exercise to keep healthy?

A.About 150 minutes per day.

B.Around 100 minutes per day.

C.At least 150 minutes per week.

D.No more than 100 minutes per week.

（2）When will Edward R. Laskowski say no to exercise?

A.When your left leg is broken.

B.When you have a runny noses.

C.When you have a blocked nose.

D.When you have a minor sore throat.

（3）What is the meaning of "listening to your body" in Paragraph 6?

A.Be careful with your cars.

B.Learn to take advice of others.

C.Pay attention to body signals.

D.Listen to music to keep healthy.

（4）What will the writer be likely to agree with?

A.Practice makes perfect.

B.Nothing seek, nothing find.

C.Put your heart into exercise.

D.Act according to your abilities.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，锻炼有助于保持身体健康，但是在感觉不适的时候，要看具体情况：如果病症出现在“颈部以上”的位置，通常可以锻炼；如果病症出现在“颈部以下”，请暂停锻炼。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的" Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. " 可知，锻炼有助于保持身体健康，美国心脏协会的医生建议每周至少进行150分钟的适当体育锻炼，因此人们应该每周至少运动150分钟才能保持健康。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear "below the neck”可知，库伯史密斯和拉斯科夫斯基博士都建议，如果你的疾病迹象出现在“颈部以下”，就应该暂停锻炼。因此Edward R. Laskowski不赞同在左腿骨折时运动。故选A。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的“If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise.”可知，身体不适时应休息一下。如果不是非常不舒服，可以减少运动量。因此，"listening to your body”意为“听从你的身体”，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body.”可知，这两个人都建议按照身体的舒适程度来决定运动与否以及运动量，作者并没有提出反对和质疑，即作者赞同二者的建议，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.

Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupundure，cupping and massage (针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on US.swimmer Michael Phelps' back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.

As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that-while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture，not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.

Herbs, are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs uscd1 their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately,

standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.

Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity, While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu You your's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(疟疾）treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.

（1）The author mentions the example of Michael Phelps in order to show .

A.he was injured in his swimming.

B.cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.

C.westerners know a little about TCM.

D.westerners attach great importance to TCM.

（2）Why don't some member countries of WIIO recognize Chinese herbal medicine?

A.Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases

B.Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture

C.Because western medicine 15 more effective

D.Because medicine made out or Chinese herbs develops slowly

（3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the main weak point of TCM ?

A.The methods of processing herbs.

B.The effectiveness of prescription.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/733895422.html,cking in standardization.

D.Its unstable functions.

（4）The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that .

A.medicine-making companies lack creativity.

B.prescriptions are got from the past.

C.Western companies are more experienced.

D.medicine-making companies lack driving force

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传统中医的特点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Western ers' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupundure，cupping and massage.”可知，举菲尔普斯的例子就是为了证明西方人对传统中医有一些了解，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow developm ent of Chinese herbs.”可知，有一些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为用中草药制成的药物治疗效果缓慢，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization”可

知，与西医相比，中医的缺点是缺乏标准化，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past.”可知，中医缺乏创造性指的是中医的处方是从过去传承下来的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

What do people in the outside world do when they want to learn something? They go to somebody who knows about it, and ask him. They do not go to somebody who is supposed to know about everything —except, when they are very young, to their parents: and they speedily become dissatisfied with that variety of knowledge. They go to somebody who might reasonably expected to know about the particular thing they are interested in. When a man buys a motor-car, he does not say to himself: "Where can I find somebody who can teach me how to run a motor car?" He does not look in the telephone directory under T. He just gets an experienced driver to teach him. He just pays attention and asks questions and tries to do the thing himself, until he learns.

But this case, of course, assumes an interest of the pupil in the subject, a willingness and even a desire to learn about it, a feeling that the matter is of some importance to himself. And come to think of it, these motives are generally present in the learning that goes on in the outside world. It is only in school that the pupil is expected to be unwilling to learn.

When you were a child, and passed the door of the village blacksmith(铁匠) shop, and looked in, day after day, you admired his skill, and stood in awe of his strength; and if he had offered to let you blow the bellows for him and shown you how to make a red-hot penny, that would have been a proud moment. It would also have been an educational one. But suppose there had been a new shop set up in the town, and when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture; and suppose a bell rang just then, and the man stopped painting right in the middle of a brush-stroke, and started to read aloud “How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"; and suppose when he was halfway through, the bell rang again, and he said, "We will go on with that tomorrow," and started to chisel the surface of a piece of marble; and then, after a little, somewhat exhaustedly, started in to play "The Rock of Ages" on a flute, interrupting the tune to order you to stand up straight and not whisper to the little boy beside you. There's no doubt what you would think of him; you would know perfectly well that he was crazy; people don't do things in that way anywhere in the world, except in school.

And even if he had assured you that what were taught were later in your life going to be matters of the deepest importance and interest, and that you should start in now with the determination of becoming proficient in them, it would not have helped much. Not very much. It's nonsense that children do not want to learn. Everybody wants to learn. And everybody wants to teach. And the process is going on all the time. All that is necessary is to put a person who knows something —really knows it—within the curiosity-range of someone who doesn't know it:

the process begins at once. It is almost irresistible.

If there were no teachers—no hastily and superficially trained Vestals who were supposed to know everything—but just ordinary human beings who knew passionately and thoroughly one thing and who had the patience to show little boys and girls how to do that thing—we might get along with our learning pretty well, Of course, we'd have to pay them more, because they could get other jobs out in the larger world; and besides, you couldn't expect to get somebody who knows how to do something, for the price you are accustomed to pay those who only know how to teach everything.

（1）What does the author mainly want to say with this article?

A.An education without teachers is unimaginable,

B.A teacher who knows everything is more welcome,

C.School teachers are far from satisfactory and necessary,

D.We have paid too much for teachers for school education.

（2）What does the underlined "somebody" in the first paragraph refer to?

A.A teacher.

B.A parent.

C.A man in the outside world.

D.A man like the blacksmith,

（3）What happened in the "new shop" mentioned in paragraph 3?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/733895422.html,eless subjects like painting and poetry, sculpture and music were taught.

B.The man at work became crazy with so many subjects to deal with.

C.One man teaching everything influenced the efficiency of learning.

D.Children listened carefully and often discussed about what is taught with others.

（4）According to the author, which of the following can we infer?

A.Teachers are not as useful as parents in helping a child to learn,

B.Schools are the places killing students' interest and willingness to learn,

C.Learning life related skills like blacksmithing is more important than arts.

D.Teachers are ordinary human beings who know thoroughly everything.

（5）Which of the following figures of speech(修辞手法) are used in the article?

a. exemplification(举例)

b. exaggeration(夸张)

c. personification(拟人)

d. irony(讽刺)

e. analogy (类比)

A.abc

B.ade

C.bcd

D.cde

（6）In the last paragraph, the author mainly _______.

A.introduces a new idea

B.raises a new question

C.gives some new evidence

D.stresses his viewpoint

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

（5）B

（6）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，学生的学习动机通常存在外部世界的学习中，在学校里，学生才会不愿意学习，固定模式的学校教育显然不能满足于孩子对知识的渴望。学校教师远非令人满意和必要。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“If there were no teachers—no hastily and superficially trained Vestals who were supposed to know everything—but just ordinary human beings who knew passionately and thoroughly one thing and who had the patience to show little boys and girls how to do that thing—we might get along with our learning pretty well.”可知，如果没有老师——没有那些本应知道一切的仓促而肤浅的训练有素的女灶神星——而只是那些热情而彻底地知道一件事并有耐心向小男孩和女孩展示如何做这件事的普通人——我们可能会很好地学习。所以作者通过这篇文章主要想说学校教师远非令人满意和必要。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“They do not go to somebody who is supposed to know about everything —except, when they are very young, to their parents”可知，他们不会去问什么都知道的人——这不包括他们很小的时候，去找他们的父母。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，这个什么都知道的人是除了父母之外的人也就是老师。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture; and suppose a bell rang just then, and the man stopped painting right in the middle of a brush-stroke, and started to read aloud “How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"; and suppose when he was halfway through, the bell rang again, and he said, "We will go on with that tomorrow," and started to chisel the surface of a piece of marble; and then, after a little, somewhat exhaustedly, started in to play ‘The Rock of Ages" on a flute’ ”可知，当你往开着的门里看时，你看到一个人正在工作，正在画画；假设就在这时，一个铃响了，那个人停止了绘画，开始大声朗读“他们是如何把好消息从根特带到艾克斯的”；假设当他读到一半时，铃又响了，他说，“我们明天继续，”并开始用凿子雕刻一块大理石的表面；然后，过了一会儿，有点累了，开始用笛子吹奏《时代之石》。所以通过这个教学过程可以判断出，一个人教所有的东西影响了学习的效率。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It is only in school that the pupil is expected to be unwilling to learn.”可知，只有在学校里，学生才会不愿意学习。由此推断出学校是扼杀学生学习兴趣和意愿的地方。故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When a man buys a motor-car, he does not say to himself: “Where can I find somebody who can teach me how to run a motor car?" ”可知，短文主要运用了举例的修辞手法，说明当一个人想学习新事物时的求助对象；第三段中的

“When you were a child, and passed the door of the village blacksmith(铁匠) shop, and looked in, day after day, you admired his skill, and stood in awe of his strength; and if he had offered to let you blow the bellows for him and shown you how to make a red-hot penny, that would have been a proud moment. It would also have been an educational one. But suppose there had been a new shop set up in the town, and when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture; and suppose a bell rang just then, and the man stopped painting right in the middle of a brush-s troke, and started to read aloud “How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix"; and suppose when he was halfway through, the bell rang again, and he said, "We will go on with that tomorrow," and started to chisel the surface of a piece of marble; and then, after a little, somewhat exhaustedly, started in to play "The Rock of Ages" on a flute, interrupting the tune to order you to stand up straight and not whisper to the little boy beside you.”可知，本段将铁匠埔和新店进行了类比，来类比两种教育模式，并以讽刺的修辞方法描述了新店的教育模式。综合选项。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If there were no teachers—no hastily and superficially trained Vestals who were supposed to know everything—but just ordinary human beings who knew passionately and thoroughly one thing and who had the patience to show little boys and girls how to do that thing—we might get along with our learning pretty well”可知，如果没有老师——没有那些本应知道一切的仓促而肤浅的训练有素的女灶神星——而只是那些热情而彻底地知道一件事并有耐心向小男孩和女孩展示如何做这件事的普通人——我们可能会很好地学习”所以最后一段在强调作者的观点“学校教师远非令人满意和必要”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Jolin Tsai, a famous singer, has become an English teacher! But she is not staying in a classroom to give you talks in English. Instead, she has published a new book, "Jolin's English Diary Book". It came out in Taiwan in March. Jolin is helping you learn English in a light-hearted way and giving you useful words for life outside your textbooks.

"I hope it's a happy English book," she said. "When you learn English in a fun way, you will keep on doing it. This certainly doesn't mean just reciting words". Jolin has a lot of clever ways of learning. She likes to listen to English songs or find friends to talk to in English. She has been good at English since Grade 3 in primary school. Because of this, she hosted news programme on the radio herself.

Jolin knows it's important to put English to good use. So, in her English diaries, she wrote something about her everyday life, like study, fashion, travel and family. After each diary, she gives you lots of notes. You can use them often, too! Jolin also asks you to keep diaries like hers.（1）Jolin has been good at English .

A.since she became a famous singer

B.since she was in Grade 3

C.since she was in college

D.since she was 3 years old

（2）In Jolin's diaries, which of the following is not mentioned?

A.Fashion.

B.Chinese learning.

C.Trip.

D.Family life.

（3）From the passage we know that ______.

A.she is not only a famous singer but also an English teacher in a primary school

B.you don't have to keep English diaries

C.she teaches us how to be a famous singer in "Jolin's English Diary Book"

D.Jolin Tsai shows us how to learn English in a fun way

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了歌手蔡依林出版了一本新书《蔡依林的英语日记本》。它于三月在台湾出版。可以帮助人们轻松地学习英语，并为课本之外的生活提供有用的词汇。文章还说明了蔡依林写这本书的意图和日记的一些内容。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“She has been good at English since Grade 3 in primary school.” 她从小学三年级起就擅长英语，可知，蔡依林从三年级起就擅长英语。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“So, in her English diaries, she wrote something about her everyday life, like study, fashion, travel and family.” 所以，在她的英语日记中，她写了一些关于她的日常生活，比如学习、时尚、旅行和家庭)可知，日记中提到了时尚、旅行和家庭，但没提到运动。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中“‘I hope it's a happy English book,’ she said. ‘When you learn English in a fun way, you will keep on doing it.’”“我希望这是一本快乐的英语书，”她说。“当你用一种有趣的方式学习英语时，你会坚持下去。”可知，蔡依林通过这本书向我们展示了一种轻松学习英语的方法。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

For a generation now, school reform has meant what students must be taught and carried out by standardized(标准化的)tests.

Here's a thought experiment. Suppose that next year almost every student passed the tests. What would the reaction be from people? Would they shake their heads in respect and say, "Damn, those teachers must be good!"?

Of course not. Such remarkable success would be used as evidence that the tests were too easy and it needs to raise standards. "High standards" really means "standards that all students will never be able to meet". My little thought experiment uncovers a truth that we have been taught

to respond with doubt whenever all members of any group are successful. In America, success doesn't count unless it is got by only a few.

Consider widespread complaints about "grade inflation(膨胀)" in higher education. Many people don't even bother to stress that grades have risen over time. They simply point to how many students get A's right now. The goal, in other words, isn't to do well but to defeat other people who are also trying to do well. Grades in testing should be used to announce who's beating whom. A school's final task, apparently, is not to help everyone learn but to prepare the game so that there will always be losers.

This makes no sense in any situation. Perhaps, for example, we can defend rating states or nations based on the quality of their air, health care or schools, but ranking them is foolish. School testing ranking doesn't lead to improvements in performance but tends to hold us back from doing our best. It makes productive teamwork less likely and leads all concerned to focus not on meaningful improvements but on trying to beat everyone else.

Most of all, it encourages the false belief that excellence is a zero-sum game. It would be more reasonable to rescue the spirit of the concept: Everyone may not succeed, but at least in theory all of us could.

（1）What did the writer's thought experiment prove?

A.Good teachers represent higher test scores.

B.Excellence is regarded as a rare thing.

C.American tests are usually too easy.

D.Students don't meet the test standards.

（2）What does the writer think American schools seem to do?

A.Promote teachers to teach better.

B.Remove the belief of beating others.

C.Help all students do well at school.

D.Ensure the existence of failures.

（3）What is the writer's attitude towards schools testing ranking?

A.Disapproving.

B.Optimistic.

C.Sympathetic.

D.Unconcerned.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.How Can Students Succeed?

B.Why Can't Everyone Get A's?

C.What Standards Do Schools Set?

D.Who Get Best Grades at School?

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一个思维实验推导出了学校等级排名的不

合理性，认为学校的这种做法在灌输错误的观念。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“My little thought experiment uncovers a truth that we have been taught to respond with doubt whenever all members of any group are successful.”我这个小的思维实验揭示了一个真理：每次无论是哪个组内成员全部成功的时候，我们总是被教育的持怀疑的态度，可知，我们总是认为优秀是一件很稀有的事情，所以我们不相信一群人都同时很优秀。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A school's final task, apparently, is not to help everyone learn but to prepare the game so that there will always be losers.” 显然，学校的最后一项任务不是帮助每个人学习，而是为比赛做准备，让失败者永远存在，可知，作者认为美国学校似乎在确保失败的存在。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“but ranking them is foolish. School testing ranking doesn't lead to improvements in performance but tends to hold us back from doing our best. It makes productive teamwork less likely and leads all concerned to focus not on meaningful improvements but on trying to beat everyone else.” 但是给他们排名是愚蠢的。学校测试排名并不能带来学习成绩的提高，反而会阻碍我们发挥最佳水平。它降低了高效率的团队合作的可能性，并导致所有关注的焦点不是有意义的进步，而是试图打败其他人，由此判断出，作者对学校排名持不同意的态度。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段和第二段点明了现在教学中常出现的现象：成功只能被少数人获得。后边几个段落都批判了这种做法的不合理性，认为学校的这种做法在灌输错误的观念。 B：Why Can't Everyone Get A's?“为什么不能每个人都得A呢？”利用反问句体现了这一思想，并且这个反问的话题与第二段作者引出话题所使用的的例子一致。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Many studies have hinted(暗示) that alcohol, in moderation, can do a heart good. But new research suggests that moderate drinkers are no more likely than non-drinkers to have clear arteries(动脉).

The scientists looked at almost 2,000 patients who underwent CT test. Overall, there was no association between people's drinking habits and their heart diseases. Researchers said an advantage of the new study is that it used objective measurements.

“No prior studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption and the presence of heart d isease,” said lead researcher Dr Julia Karady. "We could not find any relation between the presence of heart disease and alcohol consumption," Karady said. At the same time, she added, there was no evidence that heavier drinking raised the risk of heart disease. However, groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) warn against excessive drinking, because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems.

In general, "moderate" is defined as no more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men. But those studies do not prove that alcohol, itself, protects the

heart—in large part because alcohol also carries risks.

（1）What is the advantage of the new study?

A.The scientists looked at almost 2,000 patients who underwent CT test.

B.The new study used objective measurements.

C.No prior studies have assessed the relationship.

D.There was no evidence that heavier drinking raised the risk of heart disease.

（2）Why groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) are against excessive drinking?

A.Because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems.

B.Because there is some evidence that it will raise the risk of death.

C.Because it can make you die immediately.

D.Because it will lead to blindness.

（3）What is "moderate" defined in the text?

A.No more than one glass of alcohol a day.

B.No more than two glasses of alcohol a day.

C.No more than three glasses of alcohol a day.

D.No more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多研究暗示，适量的酒精对心脏有好处。但最新研究表明，适度饮酒的人和不喝酒的人一样，动脉也不太通畅。科学家们观察了近2000名接受CT检查的患者。总的来说，人们的饮酒习惯和他们的心脏病之间没有联系。研究人员说，这项新研究的一个优点是采用了客观的测量方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Researchers said an advantage of the new study is that it used objective measurements.”可知，研究人员说，这项新研究的一个优点是采用了客观的测量方法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中“However, groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) warn against excessive drinking, because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems.”可知，美国心脏协会（AHA）等团体告诫人们不要过度饮酒，因为它可以使血压升高并导致心力衰竭和其他问题。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中“In general, ‘moderate’ is defined as no more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than tw o a day for men.”可知，“适度”定义为女性每天不超过一杯酒，而男性每天不超过两杯。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as "they" are

around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others —and even themselves —to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

（1）What does the word "they" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A.People and things around you.

B.Opportunities and problems.

C.Creators and their choices.

D.Victims and their sufferings.

（2）According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.

A.handle ups and downs of life wisely

B.possess the ability to predict future life

C.seem willing to experience failures in life

D.have potential to create something new

（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A.Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

B.Victims can influence more people than creators.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/733895422.html,pared with victims, creators are more emotional.

D.Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

（4）The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _________.

A.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims

B.people need family support to deal with challenger in life

C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains

D.one's experiences determine his attitude toward life

（5）The passage is organized by _______.

A.giving definitions

B.making a contrast

C.giving examples

D.telling stories

（6）What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A.To define victims and creators.

B.To evaluate victims against creators.

C.To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D.To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）A

（4）A

（5）B

（6）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的创造者。

（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中划线词所在句的下文“‘They’ are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as ‘they’ are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization.”“他们”是错误的、糟糕的，只要有“他们”在，生活就是可怕的。或者你可能会为你所有的问题责备自己，从而将你的受害内化）可知，造成痛苦的是yourself或者是they，所以they与yourself是相对的。由此可知，they应该指的是除了自己以外的其他人或事。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.”他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣的时刻共舞是一份礼物，风暴是生命中自然的一部分，它能带来情感和精神成长所需的雨水）可推知，那些创造者是一些积极乐观的人们，他们能明智地对待人生的坎坷起伏。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”受害者和创造者都可以选择自己的人生方向，可知，创造者和受害者都是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.”一个人在失去工作或一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得这是世界末日，陷入数月、数年甚至一生的痛苦之中。另一个

有同样经历的人可能会选择先经历悲伤，然后接受损失，很快成为生活中强大的创造力，可推知，对生活中苦难的强烈依恋使人成为受害者。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place.”你在生活中有很多机会选择成为一个受害者或创造者。当你选择成为一个受害者，世界是一个寒冷和困难的地方；及第二段中的“Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.”那些选择成为创造者的人看待生活的方式非常不同，及其他段落陈述可知，本篇文章是通过对比来组织的。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法。最后一段提出文章中心即作者的观点“In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.”在每一个时刻、每一种情况下，你都可以通过设定一个明确的意图来改变内在的受害者，通过邀请强大的创造者进入你的生活，来选择一个更充实、更丰富的生活，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的创造者。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Buddy or Friendship Benches (长椅)are needed because playgrounds can be lonely places sometimes. When a school places the bench, they teach a little lesson to the kids on how it is to be used. Then when a child sits on the bench, it sends out a message to others that basically says, " Hey, I'm alone right now and would welcome the company (陪伴) of others." Kids in the playground see this and from their training, they see there is a fellow student in need. They are encouraged to come over and sit on the bench and make a new friend.

Benches like this have been around for a while now in many schools. But in Ireland, they are trying to do something different with them. This school in Cork in the south of Ireland is the 247th to get benches from a social organization called "Buddy Bench Ireland" that doesn't just provide schools with benches, but also runs special projects with trained child psychiatrists (精神病专家).They use the bench as an opportunity to start conversations about mental health. They talk about the importance of knowing and understanding your feelings and those of others. Judith Ashton, a co-founder of Buddy Bench Ireland said, "The children need to understand what the bench is about, what it represents —friendship, understanding, listening to each other and the most important thing is that it's important to express feelings."

But do children really use the bench? It's a matter of great public concern. Sinead Mcgilloway from Maynooth University carried out a study and said, " We found that 40% of the children told us that they had actually used the benches at the time of the study. And over 90% said that they would talk to a child if that child was sitting on the bench. So, there's nothing to worry about.

Children's mental health and safety at school is increasingly a concern in many countries. In Ireland, they're hoping these benches will not only tackle problems like school violence and

school bullying (校园暴力和校园欺凌), but also give students the confidence to open up about their feelings.

（1）According to the passage, buddy benches might _________.

A.make students feel relaxed

B.help students feeling lonely to find friends

C.be a symbol of psychology classes

D.appear in schools filled with problem children

（2）The organization "Buddy Bench Ireland" _________.

A.makes buddy benches more popular

B.brings more new-pattern benches to schools

C.encourages more students to choose buddy benches

D.provides psychological care projects along

（3）In Judith Ashton's opinion, what students most need to know is _________.

A.how to understand each other

B.what buddy benches are about

C.the importance of expressing themselves

D.the necessity of listening to their friends

（4）From what Sinead Mcgilloway said, we can know that _________.

A.60% of the children in the study disliked these benches

B.over 90% of the children in the study once felt lonely

C.he once worried about children with mental problems

D.the public don't have to worry about the use of buddy benches

（5）What does the underlined word "tackle" mean?

A.Deal with.

B.Check out.

C.Keep a record of.

D.Leave out.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在操场放置伙伴长椅能够帮助孤独的学生找到朋友，一个名为“爱尔兰伙伴长凳”的社会组织不仅为学校提供长凳，还提供心理护理项目。他们希望这些长椅不仅能解决校园暴力和校园欺凌等问题，还能让学生有信心敞开心扉表达自己的感受。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Buddy or Friendship Benches are needed because playgrounds can be lonely places sometimes.”伙伴或友谊长椅是需要的，因为操场有时可能是孤独的地方；以及“They are encouraged to come over and sit on the bench and make a new friend.”他们被鼓励过来坐在长凳上，结交新朋友，可知伙伴长椅可以帮助感觉孤独的学生

找到朋友。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“…a social organization called ‘Buddy Bench Ireland’ that doesn't just provide schools with benches, but also runs special projects with trained child psychiatrists.”……一个名为“爱尔兰伙伴长凳”的社会组织不仅为学校提供长凳，还与训练有素的儿童精神病学家一起开展特殊项目，可知一个名为“爱尔兰长凳伙伴”的组织提供心理护理项目。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Judith Ashton, a co-founder of Buddy Bench Ireland said, ‘The children need to understand what the bench is about, what it represents —friendship, understanding, listening to each other and the most important thing is that it's important to express feelings.’”Buddy Bench Ireland的联合创始人Judith Ashton说:“孩子们需要理解这张长椅的意义，它代表着什么——友谊、理解、相互倾听，最重要的是表达自己的感受。可知在Judith Ashton看来，学生们最需要知道的是表达自己的重要性。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We found that 40% of the children told us that they had actually used the benches at the time of the study. And over 90% said that they would talk to a child if that child was sitting on the bench. So, there's nothing to worry about.”我们发现40%的孩子告诉我们，他们在学习时确实使用过这些长椅。超过90%的人表示，如果孩子坐在凳子上，他们会和他说话。所以，没什么好担心的，可知从Sinead Mcgilloway所说的，我们可以知道，公众不必担心伙伴长椅的使用问题。故选D。

（5）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“problems like school violence and school bullying, but also give students the confidence to open up about their feelings.”可知在爱尔兰，他们希望这些长椅不仅能解决校园暴力和校园欺凌等问题，还能让学生有信心敞开心扉表达自己的感受。故划线单词意思为“处理”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。