北外历年试题

北京外国语大学高级翻译学院硕士研究生招生简章

北京外国语大学高级翻译学院，于1994年6月成立。

北京外国语大学早在五、六十年代就举办过数届高级翻译班。1979年受我国政府和联合国总部的委托，成立了联合国译员训练部，为联合国培养同声传译和笔译人才，毕业生大部分在纽约、日内瓦等地的联合国机构任职。他们的业务水平及表现得到了联合国方面的好评。他们在国内工作期间，不少人曾多次为党和国家领导人担任翻译。译训部还为国内外交部、财政部、文化部及上海外办、重庆外办等单位代培一批高级翻译人员。

1995年，高级翻译学院开始招生，设硕士学位，为国内培养高级口译人才。暂设英语一个语种。培养目标：本院培养英汉同声传译人才和其他高级口笔译人才，属应用类研究生。毕业生应能担任国际会议同声传译和文件翻译工作，或承担政府部门高级口笔译工作。

学制：两年。考试成绩合格并通过论文答辩者，授予外国语言学与应用语言学硕士学位。

课程设臵：英汉交替传译、视译、同声传译、笔译、翻译理论。

考试科目：一、政治；二、基础英语；三、二外（法、德、日、俄、西任选一种）；四、英汉互译。

本院每年通过全国研究生入学考试招收新生。2007年招收新生60名（其中公费生3名，保送生1名,保送自费生9名，自费生47名，）考生应具有本科学历，获学士学位，专业不限。专科生报考须具备1、毕业2年后2、在国家一级刊物上发表论文两篇。报名和考试日期以全国统一时间为准。笔试通过者将参加复试（项目为：1、复述2、视译3、对话）。

说明：1、第二外语在复试时需加试听力。

2、基础英语试卷与英语学院其他专业相同。

院长：王立弟教授

联系地址：北京西三环北路二号16信箱邮政编码：100089

电话：(010)-88816386 https://www.360docs.net/doc/746132006.html,

先生/女士：

现将报考同声传译专业，硕士生的有关说明如下：

同声传译是各种翻译活动中最难作的一种翻译。在国际会议那种紧张环境里，译员要能不间断地边听边译，是很不容易的。要学好这样的技能，需要具备一定的条件，如：扎实的英、汉语言基础，英语的听说能力要强，英汉两种语言的语音、语调要好，要思维敏捷，反应快，对国际问题兴趣，知识面要广。所以录取时以考生的复试成绩为主。考生可根据自身情况及专业对考生的要求，有针对性地进行准备。关于考试，英汉互译笔译试卷是由本院命题的。不考理论，只考实践，目的是考察学生实际翻译能力。基础英语试卷与英语学院其他专业相同。

关于复试：1、视译：将一篇英文稿(准备5-6分钟)口头翻译成汉语。2、复述：先听英文录音（内容长度：3-5分钟），连续听两遍，可边听边作笔记，再将听到的内容用英文复述一遍。3、面试:一篇英文阅读材料,准备10分钟(可记笔记),再根据阅读材料回答问题.

翻译学院授课方式以上课为主（16-18课时/周）有别于其他专业的导师制，

2006年报考与录取比例约为10：1。

参考书目：

1、《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham 、姜桂华著，2000年，外语教学与研究出版社。欲购此书，可向北京西三环北路19号外研社邮购部汇款27.40元邮购。电话:88817163

2、《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传著， 2002年，外语教学与研究出版社。

欲购此书，可向北京西三环北路19号外研社邮购部汇款19.40元邮购。

注：如同时邮购以上两本书只需汇款42。80元。邮编：100089

3、《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南著， 2001年，清华大学出版社。电话:62786544

欲购此书，可向清华大学出版社发行部邮购科汇款 23.10元邮购。邮编：100084

4、《非文学翻译理论与实践》罗进德主编，2004年，中国对外翻译出版公司。电话:66138842 欲购此书，可向北京市西城区太平桥大街4号翻译书店汇款41.4元。邮编:100810

以上情况，仅供您参考。如需往年试题，可与北京外国语大学研究生部联系。电话：010—88816246。请勿将汇款汇至翻译学院。

北京外国语大学高级翻译学院

复试注意事项

一、请勿使用工具书（含电子类）

二、进入考场请关断手机电源。将身份证、准考证放在桌面上备查。

三、视译、复述分两批（第一批8:00 ，第二批8:40）进行，时间和名单，周五（13日）下午，张贴在高级翻译学院的走廊墙上。

四、由于参加复试的考生较多，为使考生有一个较安静的考场环境。被安排在下午面试的考生，在视译、复述结束后和上午面试完毕的考生请不要在考场附近（本楼层）停留。

五、考试开始（8：00）后，家长请勿在本楼层停留。

六、根据学校规定：复试结果须报请北京市招生办批准后，方可公布，在此之前我院无权提前宣布复试结果。五.一后可向研招办查询。（88816246）

七、面试时：您前面的考生进入面试室时，您同时进入准备室，届时您将拿到阅读材料文字稿，可在草稿纸上作笔记（草稿纸另发），进入面试室前请将阅读材料文字稿交还发稿老师。已作笔记的草稿纸可带入面试室，面试结束请将草稿纸交给面试老师。进入面试室，须提交有关证件、证明信以备查验。

八、复试各项所占总分比例:视译30％复述 30％面试 40％

说明：从今年开始，笔试成绩计入复试成绩，占复试成绩总分的20%。

高级翻译学院 2007 / 4 / 9

北京外国语大学高级翻译学院

复语同声传译硕士研究生招生简章

Postgraduate Programme for

M.A. in Translation and Interpretation Plus

I. 概述

1．经北京外国语大学学位委员会讨论并通过，高级翻译学院将从2007年开设复语（汉英+ 法/德/俄3种语言）同声传译硕士学位研究生课程，凡法/德/俄本科毕业的学生，英语成绩优异者均可于2006年秋季报考我院这一新开设的课程，参加全国研究生统一入学考试。

计划2007年，招收12—15人，法语专业4-5人，德语专业4-5人，俄语专业4-5人。

II. 培养目标：

1．本课程的目标培养能够用汉语、英语+法语或德语或俄语从事会议同声传译和其它类型口笔译工作的专业人材。各科学习成绩合格，完成毕业论文和通过论文答辩者可获得本专业的文学硕士学位。

III. 学制和入学考试

1．本课程为两年全日制硕士研究课程，要求报考者本科专业为法、德、俄语种，。在参加笔

试之前，申报者先参加口试，再参加全国统一研究生入学考试，笔试通过后，可不再进行复试。研究生入学考试科目为政治、第二外国语（英语，要求达到规定分数以上），专业1（英汉翻译）专业2（法、德或俄语考试），也就是说，前三项和传统英汉翻译研究生考试类型一致，第四项考试为专业基础科目，改为本科专业所学语言，为了便于记忆，我们可以称这一考试为―3加X‖。这里的X就是指本科专业所学的语言，目前只包括法语、德语和俄语。翻译专业试卷考试内容可参见历年翻译学院的考题(可向我校研招办购买力年考试题集，每册5元)。

IV. 学分要求

按照研究生培养的有关规定研究生培养要修满一定的科目和学分，本课程注重学生翻译能力的培养，培养方式以修课为主，参照英汉翻译专业研究生课程的设臵，本课程必修课不少于60学分。其中

(1) 专业课1

英汉笔译4学分

汉英笔译4学分

视译4学分

英汉交替传译4学分

汉英交替传译4学分

英汉同声传译8学分

汉英同声传译8学分

翻译理论2学分

(2) 专业2

二外笔译6学分

二外口译6学分

(3) 公共必修课

马列主义理论课：6学分

(4) 一级学科通开课程

世界文学2学分

普通语言学2学分

V. 学位论文要求

学位论文要求撰写一篇具备一定理论基础的译评或者实验报告，长度为1.5到2万汉字，用中文或者英文撰写；另外还要完成一篇1--2万汉字长度的翻译实践。在开始撰写论文之前，每位学生将有学院指派一位论文指导教师。

VI. 学费

法、德、俄各语种学生中将有一名优秀学生享受公费生待遇；其余学生学费自筹，学费每年

2.5万元人民币，两年共计5万元人民币（国际学生另有相关收费规定），待遇与公费学生相同。

大学为研究生提供校内住宿，住宿费每年XXX。学生可在校内餐厅用餐，餐费自理。

注意：

为使考生有更多选择，10月28日上午8:00对复语考生进行面试，面试程序与全国统考研究生复试程序相同。

北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

I.将下列短文译成英语(35%)

不久前美国宇航局宣布，他们测得的数据显示，在最近两个月，南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）上空。这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。更为严重的是，这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。

许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生，臭氧距地面约25-30公里，能吸收99%的太阳紫外线，可以说，它是地球生态环境的天然屏障，也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。据科学家测算，大气中臭氧含量每减少1%，太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加2%，而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加5%至7%。

但现在，可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。为了居民的身体健康，篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民，最好不要在中午11点到下午3点之间外出，因为在阳光下曝晒7分钟左右，皮肤就会受到损伤。

据科学家们观测，臭氧空洞目前已达到2800多万平方公里，而造成臭氧空洞的，正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质，才使臭氧越来越稀薄，最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大，还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致，但气温的升高，又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。

但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次，也是最后一次！

II. 将下列单句译成英语(15%)

1我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争, 争取长时间的和平, 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。

2冷战后，世界形势出现了重大的变化，两极格局宣告终结，多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。

3近些年来，在经济全球化的冲击下，原有的分工格局和资源配臵方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。发达国家在调整，新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整，尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。

III. 将下列短文译成汉语(35%)

Sanctions are a blunt instrument that can sometimes be useful. Used against Iraq, they forced its horrible dictator to disgorge nearly all his most lethal weapons. Ten years on, the perspective has changed. Saddam Hussein remains implanted in power without, for the past 15 months, any UN inspectors on the spot to discourage him from reinventing his nastiest toys. At the same time, sanctions have all but destroyed his country: its health and educational systems have collapsed; its infrastructure has rusted away; its middle classes have disappeared into poverty; its children are dying. A lot of people now conclude that a change of policy is needed.

The oil-for-food programme, passed by the UN Security Council in 1996, was supposed to rescue ordinary Iraqis from the deprivations of sanctions. Iraq is allowed to sell a certain amount of oil in exchange for "humanitarian" goods. Denis Halliday, an experienced UN hand, ran this programme for two years, but then resigned in disgust (as did his successor, a few weeks ago). Mr Halliday now writes forthrightly of "genocide". He and others describe how American and British representatives on the Sanctions Committee hold up everything they suspect, however remotely, to be of dual use. The list of suspect

goods runs from heart and lung machines to wheelbarrows, from fire-fighting equipment to detergent, from water pumps to pencils.

Some of these points were confirmed this month by Kofi Annan, the UN'S secretary-general, in his report on Iraqi sanctions to the Security Council. He revealed how far the oil-for-food programme still is from alleviating the Iraqi tragedy. Mr Annan has spread his criticism around but is particularly upset, first, by the dangerously dilapidated state of Iraq's oil industry and, second, by the Sanctions Committee's erratic delays in giving the go-ahead for the delivery of goods for hospitals: some $150m worth of medicine and medical equipment is currently held up. At one time, outsiders were set in their views on Iraqi sanctions, seeing the situation in black or white. Now there is a large grey area, and an insistent question: are sanctions still the right policy? The authors document the impact of sanctions on the lives of ordinary Iraqis, and the arguments for change are pretty convincing. The undecided should pay heed.

IV.将下列单句译成汉语(15%)

1.We need to break that vicious circle of AIDS, poverty, conflict, AIDS. For the truth is

that not only does AIDS threaten stability, but when peace breaks down it fuels AIDS.

2.The objective of nuclear non-proliferation is not helped by the fact that the nuclear

weapon states continue to insist that those weapons in their hands enhance security, while in the hands of others they are a threat to world peace.

3.In the developing countries, the labour force engaged in global production typically

includes a large proportion of women —whether in textiles, electronics, data processing or chip manufacturing. In many cases, these women work in conditions and for wages that are appalling, and which we must strive to improve.

北京外国语大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

I.将下列短文译成英语(35%)

人有男女性别之分，而法律讲性别吗？

我国宪法明文规定，妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭各个方面享有与男子同等的权利。既然男女同权、男女平权，法律应该是不讲性别的，这样才能达到男女平等，才算是真正公平。

但事实上，在法律保护妇女、社会尊重妇女、男女平等的今天，男女不平等的现象依然或多或少地存在着。这是―男尊女卑‖、女性依附男性的历史留下的―后遗症‖。所以，大家不得不面对这样一个现实：在当代，尽管女性的地位已有了很大提高，但和男性相比，还是属于需要关照的弱势群体。

针对这一现象，我国现行法律对女性给予了特殊关照，有专门的《妇女权益保障法》，而在《婚姻法》、《继承法》等法律规定中也有专门的保护条款。对于男性，则没有这样的专门保护。从这个角度讲，法律也是讲―性别‖的。

在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。单不说现实生活中存在的男女不平等现象，就是立法者大多数是男性这个事实，便有可能使我们的法律在不知不觉中就已带上男性的印记。所以，立法者必须超出社会现有的习惯来，将更多的视角投到妇女这个弱势群体上。在立法中，应多一点女性视角，对女性多一些关怀、多一些保护。

女性，是母亲，是女儿，是姐妹……在立法时多一点女性视角，并不意味着忽视男性的权益，而在于最大程度地实现男女在法律上的平等，从而实现男女在现实生活中的平等。

如果有一天，法律不再需要对女性特殊关照的性别视角，那么，男女之间，就真正地平等了。

I.将下列单句译成英语(15%)

1.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。

2.计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市

场。

3.总之，几年的实践证明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是走对了。

III. 将下列短文译成汉语(35%)

In England in the early 17th century, the Stuart monarchy, to finance its expenditures, increasingly resorted to ―forced loans‖ – where the lender had no recourse if loans were not repaid. This practice was one of many highly visible signs that the regime had no commitment to protecting property rights. Other indications include outright confiscation of land and funds, forced public procurement at below-market prices, a willingness to remove judges who ruled against the Crown, and the sale of monopoly rights over various lucrative economic activities. This arbitrary exercise of sovereign power was interrupted during the civil war in the middle of the century, but the restoration of the monarchy was accompanied by the return of the same excesses.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 ushered in a series of fundamental changes in political institutions that limited the arbitrary exercise of power by the sovereign. The revolution established the supremacy of parliament over the taxes and audit the expenditures of the Crown. These steps were followed by the establishment of the Bank of England, which exercised important control over public finances. The result of these changes was a more equitable division of power between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. These restraints on the arbitrary exercise of power greatly enhanced the state’s ability to finance public expenditures by issuing debt.

The impact of these changes in political institutions and in the protection of property rights can be seen in the development of debt markets. In 1688 the Crown was able to place public debt equivalent to only 2 to 3 percent of GDP – and only of very short maturity and at very high interest rates. By 1697 the Crown was able to place and service debt equivalent to 40 percent of GDP, at lower interest rates and with longer maturities. The emergence of a functioning public debt market in turn benefited the development of the private capital markets that helped finance the Industrial Revolution that followed.

I.将下列单句译成汉语(15%)

1The very low amounts of elements of heavier than hydrogen and helium in these stars indicate that they must have formed early in the history of the Galaxy, before large amounts of heavy elements were created inside the initial generations of stars.

2The recent speculation includes the possibility that the first living cells might have arisen on Mars, seeding Earth via the many meteorites that are known to travel from Mars to our planet.

3Governments and their international agencies are these days mindful that public opinion is anything but squarely behind them.

北京外国语大学2003年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

I.将下列单句译成汉语(25分)

1.Poets are born, but orators are made.

2.There exists today new opportunities for promotion of DNP (裁军和不扩散)

education and training at all levels, primarily, thanks to the revolution in technology and communication.

3.Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to

sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

4.China looks to Hollywood much like the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge must look to

the oil industry: vast, untapped and potentially fat.

5.Beyond torturing Germany’s relationship with the United States, the go-it-alone

stance, coming from a government that has presented itself as a sworn adherent of multilateralism, tends to diminish Berlin’s influence a mong its EU neighbours.

I.将下列短文译成汉语(50分)

Globalization is transforming the world. While it brings great benefits to some countries and individuals —a backlash has arisen because these benefits are distributed so unequally and because the global market is not yet underpinned by values and rules that address key social concerns such as the protection of human rights, labor standards and the environment. Globalization has also, unwittingly, made it easier for what I have called ―uncivil society‖ —crime, terrorism, drug- and arms-trafficking —to move across borders. Our challenge today is to make globalization an engine that lifts people out of hardship and misery, not a force that holds them down.

The past half century had brought unprecedented economic gains. Most people today can expect to live longer than their parents. They are better nourished, enjoy better health, are better educated, and on the whole face more favorable economic prospects. But there is also widespread deprivation and despair. More than 1 billion

people must survive on less than $1 a day. Striking inequality persists within and among countries. Diseases such as AIDS and malaria threaten to undo years of progress. Worsening the poverty gap is the ―digital divide‖ between the technology-rich and the technology-poor. At a time when information and knowledge have become the main source of wealth and power, half the developing world’s people have never made or received a telephone call, much less used a computer. Bringing these people into the mainstream is one of our biggest projects.

Poverty and inequality are fertile ground for conflict. Wars between states have become less frequent, but in the last decade brutal internal wars have claimed more than 5 million lives, and driven many times that number of people from their homes. Weapons of mass destruction continue to cast their shadow of fear. We must think of security less as defending territory, and more in terms of protecting people. And whether we are talking of conflict prevention, peace-keeping, post-conflict peace-building or other peacemaking tools at the disposal of the international community, we must be sure that when the United Nations is called upon to act, it is given the mandate and resources to do the job.

II.将下列单句译成英语(25分)

11998年以来，为了遏止通货紧缩，政府通过积极的财政政策，以扩大财政支出拉动GDP增长，取得了一定成效。

2社会保障体系在市场经济中的作用毋庸多言，问题是如何加快、加强这一体系的建设。

3水资源紧缺不仅使中国西部许多地区脆弱的生态平衡遭到严重的破坏，而且危及到了正常的工农业生产和群众生活

49.11事件后，反对国际恐怖主义的斗争对国际政治、经济和安全形势产生了巨大的冲击。5反对强权政治和维护广大发展中国家的利益，是中国在多边外交活动中遵循的一个重要原则。

I.将下列短文译成英语(50分)

改革开放以来农村人口向城镇转移势如潮涌，到城市寻求就业机会的中青年农民与日俱增。由于他们大多不是只生一个，其携带的多子女就学问题的凸显，给当地的义务教育带来了新问题。据教育部介绍，目前相当一部分城市尚未将这些流动少儿的就学纳入本区域教育事业发展规划中，对流动少儿的底数不清，尤其在流动少儿大量聚集的城乡结合部，经费压力不断增大导致政府管理不到位。

―儿童公园是什么，我从来没听说过。‖7岁的小姑娘晶晶怯生生地问老师。她是父母到杭州打工后出生的，父母一天到晚忙着卖大饼、油条的生意。节假日城里的孩子能与大人外出旅游，她想都不敢想，因为那时候父母总是最忙碌。

她有幸就读的专门招收流动人口子女的杭州明珠实验学校，是三年前由下城区政府、企业、社会共同创建的。如今，这所学校已有来自20个省市的在校生2100多名，师资和教学设备被联合国教科文组织的教育专家认为是发展中国家基础教育行列中的一流。明珠实验学校的老师们说，我们不仅要让民工子女得到正规教育，更要营造一种―文化亲和力‖的环境，让孩子们感受到―城市温情‖，尽快融入我们的城市文化。

北京外国语大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

I. 将下列单句译成汉语(25分)

1) In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by 8.2%--despite the SARS virus.

Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminium.

2) China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be

brow-beaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans.

3) Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surrounded by idle

―buffer‖ land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built on this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in to supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply.

4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is

particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C.

5) The fight over farm trade at the WTO ministerial meeting in the Mexican city of

Cancún boils down to how far the rich world cuts tariffs on agricultural goods and dismantles its vast farm-subsidies, and by how much developing countries reduce their own considerable tariffs in return.

II. 将下列短文译成汉语(50分)

Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming U.S.

election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America's manufacturing woes.

China's trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States' economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind.

China's financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could spell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China's leaders to focus on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the world's financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China's refusal to devalue its currency in the aftermath of the late 1990's crises in East Asia--much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a time when the yuan seemed overvalued--adds credence to Beijing's insistence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantage. With most

economists concerned that China's robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing to fear a surging currency.

III. 将下列单句译成英语(25分)

1) 尽管20世纪90年代全国经济复苏，美国家庭最富有者和最贫穷者收入之间的差距继续扩

大。

2) 中华民族大家庭，靠文化价值观—风俗习惯、语言、文字—凝聚成一体。但家庭内部也有

纷争，家庭延续也有兴衰。

3) 如果没有移民，美国不可能在第二次世界大战期间制造出原子弹；没有移民，美国也不会

成为当今世界上的唯一超级大国。

4) 已经有一整年没活动筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻阅资料，逐渐感觉到身体的机能在退

化，筋骨像是长了锈，甚至出现腰酸背痛的迹象。

5) 澳门是中国南海边的一个小城，面积现有约24平方公里，人口也不过约43万人。但是，

在中国的高等教育发展史上，书写了光辉的开创篇，因为中国第一所西式大学就是在这里于1594年创办的。

IV. 将下列短文译成英语(50分)

在市场经济的条件下，资源肯定要向成本低、效益高、利润大的地方流动。所以，生产要素往城市和经济发达地区集中，是完全自发和自动的必然流向。在―全球化‖的过程中，会伴生一个副作用，就是富者越富，穷者越穷。不要说―全球化‖，就是―全国化‖也一样，有钱的地区，就能提供各种优惠来吸引投资，没钱的地区，由于各种困难而屡屡失去机会，东西部差距、城乡差距就会越来越大。在这种情况下，农村、农业、农民肯定处于弱势地位，而保障农民各项权益，都是要花钱的，如果单靠其自身的努力，情况肯定难以改变，必须由相对富裕的地区给予大力帮助，也包括各级政府的财政转移支付、政策优惠，以及各种社会公共资源的倾斜。因此，保障农民权益的根本出路就在于发展经济，首先得让农民逐步富裕起来。

如果仍旧保持在传统农业的框架之下，只靠那―一亩三分地‖，不管种什么也只能勉强糊口，发不了财。要解决当前的―三农‖问题，必须从结构上进行大调整，尽可能去赚城里人的钱。而政府则要改善大环境，帮助农民从小农经济的桎梏中走出去，打开新天地，农民才能富裕起来。

北京外国语大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

V. 将下列短文译成汉语(25分)

While assembling a new national security team, President George W. Bush is confronting what could become the biggest challenge of his second term: how to contain Iran’s nuclear program and what Americans believe is its support of violence in Israel and insurgents in Iraq.

In an eerie repetition of the prelude to the Iraq, hawks in the administration and congress are trumpeting ominous disclosures about Iran’s nuclear capacities to make the

case that Iran is a threat that must be confronted, either by economic sanctions, military action, or regime change.

But Britain, France and Germany are urging diplomacy, placing their hopes in a deal brokered by the Europeans in the past week in which Iran agreed to suspend its uranium enrichment program in return for discussions about future economic benefits.

Secretary of State Colin Powell thrust himself into the debate on Wednesday by commenting to reporters while on the way to Chile that fresh intelligence showed that Iran was ―actively working‖ on a program to enable its missiles to carry nuclear bombs, a development he said ―should be of concern to all parties.‖

The disclosures alluded to by Powell were seen by hard-liners in the administration as another sign of Iranian perfidy, and by Europeans as nothing new. Although Powell has praised the negotiations between the Europeans and Iran, an administration official said there was ―a steady tightening of outlook between hawks and doves‖ that Iran will use the negotiations as a pretext to continue its nuclear program in secret.

II. 将下列文章译成汉语(50分)

The Patent Clerk's Legacy

Albert Einstein looms over 20th-century physics as its defining, emblematic figure. His work altered forever the way we view the natural world. "Newton, please forgive me," Einstein begged as relativity theory wholly obliterated the absolutes of time and space that the reigning arbiter of all things physical had embraced more than two centuries earlier.

With little more to show than a rejected doctoral thesis from a few years before, this 26-year-old patent clerk, who practiced physics in his spare time and on the sly at work, declared brashly that the physicists of his day were "out of [their] depth" and went on to prove it. Besides special and general relativity, his work helped to launch quantum mechanics and modern statistical mechanics. Chemistry and biotechnology owe a debt to studies by Einstein that supplied evidence of the existence of molecules and the ways they behave.

What is even more amazing is that he purveyed many of these insights through a series of papers that appeared during a single miraculous year, 1905. No other comparably fertile period for individual scientific accomplishment can be found except during 1665 and 1666, when Isaac Newton, confined to his country home to escape the plague, started to lay the basis for the calculus, his law of gravitation and his theory of colors. The international physics community has set aside 2005 as the World Year of Physics as a tribute to Einstein's centennial.

Scientists in many realms of physics and engineering spent the 20th century testing, realizing and applying the ideas falling out of Einstein's work. As everybody knows, Einstein's E = mc2 formula was a key to the atomic bomb--and all the history that sprang from it. Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect underpinned technologies ranging from photodiodes to television camera tubes. A hundred years later technologists

are still finding new ways to harvest novel inventions from Einstein's theories.

One mark of genius relates to the length of time needed to fully explore, through experimentation, the implications of a new theory. In that sense, Einstein is still going strong. A recently launched space probe will examine various predictions of general relativity. But physicists are not waiting until the answers are all in before asking what comes next. Much of the most exciting work in physics now has the more ambitious aim of going beyond Einstein--of transcending his ideas and achieving a task akin to the one to which he devoted the last 30 years of his life, right to his deathbed, without success. III. 将下列短文译成英语(25分)

中国是一个发展中国家，也是一个负责任的国家。中国愿意为推进合作共赢、实现可持续发展做出自己的贡献。中国保持经济快速健康发展，对全球经济及地区经济发展有利。改革开放20多年来，中国经济年均增长9．4％，不仅成功解决了十几亿人的温饱问题，而且使中国人民的生活总体上达到小康水平。当前，中国经济发展总的形势很好。虽然经济运行中出现了一些问题，但在我们的宏观调控下，一些不健康、不稳定因素已经得到了有效抑制。

IV. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)

一位师范教师提醒家长，千万不要迷信专家和特殊的早教方案，家长自己才是孩子早期教育最好的老师。

受狭隘早教观念影响，一些年轻父母热衷于迷信专家和特定环境的亲子游戏，将孩子送进早教机构接受某种方案的专门训练。科学研究表明，无论是―小学化‖式的超常教育，还是盲目跟风的特长教育，既违背婴幼儿身心发展规律，又脱离孩子天性和兴趣，不仅难以收到成效，还可能为孩子长远发展埋下隐患。

这位教师还说，游戏和快乐才是孩子早教的主要构成，生活则是最好的内容。家长与其带着孩子在各种拔苗助长的特长班之间疲于奔命，不如有的放矢地进行寓教于乐的亲子游戏，使其在学中玩，玩中学，顺其自然，因势利导。比如敲盆敲碗，可以培养婴幼儿的节奏感和听觉；如果孩子对抽水马桶好奇，就可讲解马桶几个开关的使用关系，让孩子知道―抽水马桶的水箱怎么用了又会满‖的小秘密等。通过这些共同参与的游戏，同样可开发孩子的观察能力。更重要的是，亲子互动加强了与孩子的沟通，有利于培养儿童健全的心智。

千万别以为早教就是要教什么难懂的大道理，其实就是在―玩水‖―玩米‖等活动中教孩子怎么生活。作为实践者，家长需要的是科学理念、认识，并掌握正确的方法，提高早教水平。只要有心，都能做好。

北京外国语大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试

英汉同声传译专业试卷

VI. 将下列短文译成汉语(25分)

UNESCO’s Global Alliance

A radical change in mentalities is under way both in the public sector, which has now been forced to admit that its own means of action are insufficient to meet their

development targets, and the private sector, which is becoming aware of its capacity to contribute to the developing countries’ emergence on the world stage in the role of future partners in local and global markets.

Dialogue can be established within the framework of an already increasing number of forums, as well as in project formulation. The presence of other civil society actors and support from the international organizations—as much in the thinking and debate as in the actions undertaken –are crucial factors for enabling people to make sense of the new prospects for cooperation.

The new twenty-first century world order demands that decision-making be opened up to dialogue with new actors. Civil society’s innovative energy has already produced a good number of important initiatives and proposals in many areas. And the business world offers economic resources and know-how that can greatly contribute to development strategy deployment and the promotion of cultural diversity. UNESCO intends to establish cultural patronage agreements with businesses aimed, inter alia, at supporting the initiatives of countries in the South.

II. 将下列文章译成汉语(50分)

Growth may be everything, but it's not the only thing Economists have long been a natural constituency in favor of growth. Since even the richest country has limited resources, the central economic problem is choice: Shall we fund tax cuts for the rich or investment in infrastructure and research and development, war in Iraq or assistance for the poor in developing countries and our own? By providing more total resources, growth should, in theory, make these choices less painful.

The United States, however, has powerfully demonstrated that while growth increases supply, it also raises aspirations. Choices that rich countries have to make thus seem to be no easier than those confronting poor countries, even though the tradeoffs are more heart-wrenching in the case of the poor. Brazil, for example, must choose whether to use its limited health budget to pay full-market price for AIDS drugs; some AIDS victims may live as a result, but people in need of other health care will die, because money that could have been spent on their needs is simply not there. More growth-provided resources, in this instance, mean the difference between life and death.

Still, growth has had its critics. There is a well-developed populist antigrowth literature concerned with, among other things, the impact of growth on the environment and on poverty. Historically, economists have questioned whether, at least in the early stages of development, growth is accompanied by societal goods such as greater equality and a better environment. Nobel Prize-winning economist Simon Kuznets (西蒙·库兹列茨) argued, based on experiences largely before World War II, that there is an increase in inequality in the early stages of development. Arthur Lewis, another Nobel economist, went further: greater inequality, he argued, is necessary to generate the savings that growth requires. A later generation of economists has posited the existence of an environmental

Kuznets curve: the early stages of growth cause environmental degradation, not environmental health.

Kuznets and his descendants held out the prospect that eventually growth would bring more social justice (greater equality, less poverty) and a better environment. But there is nothing inevitable about this -- which means that even if it has been true in the past, it may not be in the future. Inequality did seem to fall in the United States after the Great Depression, but in the last 30 years it has increased enormously. Many forms of pollution have gone down as richer countries have turned their mind to air-quality issues, but greenhouse gas emissions -- with all the dangers they present for global warming -- have continued to increase with economic growth, especially in the United States.

III. 将下列短文译成英语(25分)

中国是欧亚地区重要的国家。中国的发展离不开世界，更离不开欧亚地区。同样，世界的发展、欧亚地区的发展也离不开中国。中国的发展给世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家带来重要机遇。中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和潜力巨大的市场，为与世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家开展互利互惠的经济合作提供了理想的场所。我们高兴地看到，通过这些年的不懈努力，中国的中西部地区和东北等老工业基地有了长足进步，呈现美好的发展前景。

我们欢迎欧亚地区国家积极参与中国西部大开发和东北老工业基地振兴，增强中国与欧亚地区各国互利合作的生机与活力。欧亚地区国家与中国有传统友谊，经济互补性强，中国政府将鼓励、支持中国企业与欧亚地区发展贸易、投资办厂，实现共同发展。

IV. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)

中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。

尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋等都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美或日本完成的。中国公司制造自己品牌的产品时，通常是模仿国外。但如今不同了，他们都想开创自己的品牌。随着中国公司在设计上的改进，跨国公司意识到，他们的产品需要专门针对中国消费者的品味进行―量身定做‖了。这些使中国设计产业开始繁荣起来。

中国公司开始建立设计中心或雇人帮他们打造自己的品牌。成百上千的设计顾问公司在上海、北京和广州涌现。国外年轻设计师也开始拥入中国，想在这个全球最有活力的消费市场上一试身手。现在，中国约有400所学院提供设计课程，每年有1万名毕业生。一些中国设计师获得国际大奖，许多人开始到米兰、东京、纽约等地工作, 设计成为中国最热门的专业之一。

2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

Outside Europe, the most important powers in 1939 were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China. After seizing the northern provinces of that country in 1931 and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo, Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China. These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China, which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs. When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of the time look well organized, new trouble was almost certain to follow. (141 words)

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

Inflation: China’s least wanted export

When inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem. Three people died and 31 were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease ? nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.

Cooking oil is a special case ? its price influenced by deman d from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries ? but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than 15 per cent compared with a year earlier. Floods and other acts of God have had their effect, as has the global rise in wheat prices, but there are structural forces at work as well.

Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up. The PPI for manufactured goods was up 3.2 per cent in October ? many steel products rose by more than 10 per cent ? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent 10 per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through. Given the likelihood that more state-controlled prices will have to rise, and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices, such as the cost of education, the real situation may be even worse.

That is a worry for the rest of the world, used to enjoying the ―China price‖, a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy. The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet ? but it will. China’s currency has also been gently appreciating, but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices. If currency appreciation speeds up, that will change.

The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked. Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend, to 13.5 per cent, but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.

Interest rates have risen repeatedly, but with CPI inflation above 6 per cent, and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher, real interest rates are low.

There must now be a low, but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems. That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China and for the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long. But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left. (451 words)

三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）

科学发展观是协调的发展观。唯物辩证法认为，世界是普遍联系的，任何事物的发展必然与其他事物相互联系、相互制约，只有协调好各方面关系，才能实现健康发展；否则，只能是畸形的发展。要实现全面发展，就必须立足新的历史起点，处理好由发展的阶段性特征所伴生的新矛盾和新问题，因此，协调发展是实现全面发展的正确道路和政策途径。协调发展，是指各个方面的发展要相互适应，就是要统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调。(268字)

四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）

无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。

中国人讲―富不过三代‖，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配臵资源的社会低很多。

所以，假如人们期望市场发挥其高效配臵资源的功能，那就根本没有必要去操心成功的企业家退休之时如何安排企业的未来。反正财富、资源是要向具有企业家精神的人手里集中的，只要市场是自由的，这种趋势无人能够改变。那么，对社会来说，最重要的事情是设计种种健全的制度，让那些不具有企业家精神的人可以方便地将其资源控制交给富有企业家精神的人，而企业家只要可以充分发挥其企业家精神、其财产权得到切实保障，自然可以发现、创造出这些制度来。(680字)

2007年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷

I. 将下列短文译成汉语(25分)

After 28 years of reform, China faces challenges of an unprecedented scale, complexity, and importance. China has already liberalized its markets, opened up to foreign trade and

investment, and become a global economic powerhouse. Now its leaders and people must deal with popular dissatisfaction with local government, environmental degradation, scarce natural resources, an underdeveloped financial system, an inadequate health-care system, a restless rural population, urbanization on a massive scale, and increasing social inequality. Most of these problems, of course, have existed throughout the period of reform. What is different now is that the pace of change is accelerating while the ability of the state to manage that change is not keeping pace.

Solving any one of these problems by itself would be a formidable task. And the Chinese government today finds it harder than ever to attract, develop, and retain talent. Graduates from the country's top universities, who once would have filled government posts, are instead choosing to take jobs in the private sector. Moreover, the structure of the country's bureaucracy stifles initiative and promotes mediocrity. Worse, many officials, from the village to the central government, are corrupt, eroding the government's effectiveness and feeding popular discontent.

Of all of China's challenges, none is more critical -- or more daunting -- than that of nurturing a new generation of leaders who are skilled, honest, committed to public service, and accountable to the Chinese people as a whole.

II. 将下列文章译成汉语(50分)

The New Middle East

Just over two centuries since Napoleon's arrival in Egypt heralded the advent of the modern Middle East -- some 80 years after the demise of the Ottoman Empire, 50 years after the end of colonialism, and less than 20 years after the end of the Cold War -- the American era in the Middle East, the fourth in the region's modern history, has ended. Visions of a new, Europe-like region--peaceful, prosperous, democratic--will not be realized. Much more likely is the emergence of a new Middle East that will cause great harm to itself, the United States, and the world.

The modern Middle East was born in the late eighteenth century. For some historians, the signal event was the 1774 signing of the treaty that ended the war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia; a stronger case can be made for the importance of Napoleon's relatively easy entry into Egypt in 1798, which showed Europeans that the region was ripe for conquest and prompted Arab and Muslim intellectuals to ask -- as many continue to do today -- why their civilization had fallen so far behind that of Christian Europe. Ottoman decline combined with European penetration into the region gave rise to the "Eastern Question," regarding how to deal with the effects of the decline of the Ottoman Empire, which various parties have tried to answer to their own advantage ever since.

The first era ended with World War I, the demise of the Ottoman Empire, the rise of the Turkish republic, and the division of the spoils of war among the European victors. What ensued was an age of colonial rule, dominated by France and the United Kingdom. This second era ended some four decades later, after another world war had drained the Europeans of much of their strength, Arab nationalism had risen, and the two superpowers

had begun to lock horns. "He who rules the Near East rules the world; and he who has interests in the world is bound to concern himself with the Near East," wrote a historian, who correctly saw the 1956 Suez crisis as marking the end of the colonial era and the beginning of the Cold War era in the region.

III. 将下列短文译成英语(25分)

中国特色社会主义社会是一个变革的社会，是一个开放的社会，是一个不断发展和完善的社会。改革开放是决定中国命运的重大决策，要贯穿社会主义社会发展的全过程。只有坚持改革开放，才能不断激发亿万人民的积极性和创造性，解放和发展生产力，永葆社会主义的生机与活力。

我们要坚定不移地推进经济体制改革，建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，贯彻落实科学发展观，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展。同时，要积极推进政治体制改革、文化体制改革和社会管理体制改革，促进社会主义物质文明、政治文明、精神文明与和谐社会建设全面协调发展。

IV. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)

在外国旅行，特别是美国，最不习惯的就是处处要付小费。说是小费，数目对于我这样的中国土鳖来说可不算小，住旅馆，每天早上要在枕头放一两个美元，给打扫房间的大姐；吃饭要把餐费的10％－20％给服务员；甚至连坐出租车也要额外给小费，其实很多出租车司机自己都是老板。我特别不能理解，干吗不直接把价格提高，算小费除了麻烦，而且让人有额外付出的感觉，特别像我这样平时俭省惯了的人，在中国自己嗓子冒烟了都舍不得买瓶矿泉水，到了美国一伸手就得给人付出几美元，还叫―小费‖，简直让我心头淌血。

小费大概得算上美国社会最重要的―潜规则‖，对于酒店的门童、餐馆的服务员，老板有意会付比较低的工资，小费成了他们主要的收入。我曾经非常困惑，主要依靠被服务对象事后的自觉，太脆弱了，假如有1/3的人不遵守，这个游戏就玩不下去了，拿吃饭来说，假如你坚持不付小费，别人也拿你没办法，大不了下次换个馆子，以免服务员在你比萨饼里吐口水。

请教了很多人这种规则何以能维系下去，几个美国人都说觉得付小费是很自然的事情，压根没考虑过这个问题。不过我听说小费源于18世纪的英国伦敦。那时，当地酒店的餐桌上一般都摆着写有―To Insure Promptness‖(保证及时服务)的碗。顾客坐下后，只要将少量的零钱放入碗中，就会得到优先服务，服务的殷勤程度也和小费多少成正比。这一典型的贿赂行为被渐渐发扬光大，而且规范化、制度化，从事先付款，到诚信为本的事后付款，甚至如果你不付得体的小费，会受到道义的谴责――有一次希拉里没给服务员付小费就被媒体批评:那些服务员收入不高，你不付小费他们怎么养家糊口呀？

2009年研究生入学试题参考译文和分析（“国庆节返乡”部分）/李长栓《国庆节回家》翻译中的主要问题理解问题

汉语中充满了歧义。单靠语言翻译，无法准确传达实际的含义。必须了解社会现实。圣经看不懂，古文看不懂，就是不懂当时的社会状况。当时的人很清楚什么意思。即使历史清白、地主、landlord这些常见的词，中国的青少年都不一定理解，中国人的理解和外国人的理解也不一样。

原文：

国庆节回家，那个黄河边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。

但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲【几个？】告诉了我这里发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高低的纠纷，欲强租土地【强租一人还是多人的土地，还是三兄弟的土地？】的人找人把不愿意接受租金价位的人打了【打了一人，还是多人，还是打了三兄弟？】，【是地主把雇农打了（旧社会），还是雇农把地主打了（新中国）】还发出狠话【啥是狠话？】，打

死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联合起来，有了这一命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲【是一家，还是几家】欲从邻居家【住所相邻？土地相邻？】地上开车通过【收割前？收割后？为什么开车？收割机？拉庄家的农用车（奔马、四轮带拖挂）？为什么要从人家地里过？故意找茬？捷径？】，邻居老太太心疼庄稼不许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了几万块私了。

【到底谁不讲道理？】

儿时的乡村，是可以夜不闭户的。【为什么夜不闭户，都不关门？】放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居大婶【是今天一个大婶，明天换个大婶，还是就那一个】总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是那么自然。农忙时，家里农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，【会来帮忙，还是如果来帮忙】只需吃顿简单的饭，聊聊天。【先吃饭，后帮忙；还是先帮忙，后吃饭？】【帮完忙先回家，吃饭时再来，还是不回家，吃完再走；是专门请一次？是为了吃顿饭才帮忙吗？】现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善【什么环境？】，也相信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的指点和引导呢？【什么意思？怎么指导？】

2009年1月高翻入学试题

表达问题

1. 杀人案中各个人物及其动作如何表达，才不至于引起混乱，如谁是victim; lease, rent, let等动词的双向性。

2. 选择谁是victim，反映译者的立场。

3. 有人用A, B表示两个人，意思虽清楚，不符合语言习惯。

4. it和this。A man was killed by three brothers. It all started from a dispute over rent. [it 指代一个名词；this指代上述状况]

5. 区区几万元怎么说？merely a couple of wan (=10,000) yuan; a few wan kuai (10,000 yuan); a couple of ten thousand yuan.

A few dozen thousand yuan 可以，但节奏别扭。比较时可用，如：a few thousand or a few dozen thousand dollars?

Tens of thousands yuan, several tens of thousands yuan.给人以“多”的感觉，不用

6. Yuan为什么大写？

修改举例

原译：

I went home during the National Day, when I passed by the yellow river, I saw more people driving their cars, though their appearances had not changed much, I was happy when I saw them driving their car that cost more than 200 millions.

改译：

I returned to my hometown during the National Day holiday. In the village on the Yellow River, I saw more and more people driving cars. Although their appearance has not changed much, I was excited to see them own cars that cost over 200,000 yuan (USD30,000).[1]

原译：

However, my happiness ceased when I chatted with the folks and was told that two incidents that happened. The first incident happened in the neighboring village where a person was killed in his home

by two bothers from the same village, the story began with the rental of land, due to the rental scuffle, the tenant beat the party whom refused to accept rental offered, the tenant was quoted as saying would kill the person because of the few million dollars involved, the victim then garnered the support from his two brothers and hence the murder, four families were shattered in this incident. The second incident happened in our village. One of our village folks, after harvesting and collecting his corn requested to drive pass the field of his neighbour, the old lady of the neighboring house refused as she treasure her crops in the field, a quarrel started and the old lady said in anger that the neighbour could either drive pass his own field or driver over her dead body. The story ended with the car drove over her!

改译：

However, my excitement disappeared when I learned about two incidents during a chat on the street. The first one happened in the neighbouring village, where a man was killed in his home by three bothers from the same village. The story began with a dispute over the land rents. A local bully wanted lease land from a villager, but the owner was unwilling to accept the low price offered. So the bully hired someone to beat up the owner and threatened that killing him was nothing but a couple of ten thousand yuan. The enraged victim then garnered the support from his two brothers. Hence the murder, and four shattered families. The second incident took place in my own village. One of our village folks needed to drive through the adjacent field to harvest corn. The neighbour, an old granny, refused as that would crush her crops. As the argument escalated into a quarrel, the old lady lay down on the ground[2] and challenged: ―If you want to pass, drive over my body!‖ And so did the drive r. The case was settled for a couple of ten thousand yuan.

原译：

While I was young, the village was so safe that we need not shut the doors at night. When I came back from school and there was no one home, it was very natural that aunty next-door would invite me to her place for lunch. During harvest period, we were all very busy and appeal for help, the neighbour would offer their help and stayed for simple meals and chats. Now, value of life and individual’s value had undergone a tremendous change. We all realized that our country is developing the urban area in full force, we hope to see change in our living environment and believe there will be tremendous change, but those incidents that happened set me thinking, should we do more in the areas of moral values to guide our village folks to cope with the change.

改译：

While I was young, the village was so safe that we need not shut the doors at night. When I came back from school and there was no one home, the aunty next door would always invite me to her place for a meal. Everything seemed so natural. During the harvest season, when we asked our neighbours for help, the return was only a simple meal accompanied by a hearty chat. Now, life and values in the village have undergone tremendous changes. We all know that our government is developing the rural areas in full force. And I am looking forward to a better life in my home town. But the incidents set me thinking: Should we do more to preserve the traditional values when times are changing?（可以把原文改得更符合逻辑；极个别情况下才需要故意保留原文的不当）

收割机

刚开始认为，不可能是收割机，因为我没有见过收割玉米的收割机。但查了资料，发现已经出现。但译文仍保留了模糊性。（请用谷歌图片搜索找玉米收割机）

谁不讲理