新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b原文翻译unit-2
Unit 2
The New Singles
Carla Power
Increasing numbers of Northern Europeans are choosing to live alone
新单身族
卡拉鲍威尔
越来越多的北欧人选择单身生活
1. You know the type. Eleanor Rigby, who picks up the rice in the church where the wedding has been. Austin Powers, proud owner of a Lava lamp, lush chest hair and an equal-opportunity libido. Bridget Jones, of the wobbly ego and much-watched answering machine. The Single, long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads, was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun, pity or awe.
1.你知道他们是这样的人：在举行过婚礼的教堂里捡大米的埃莉诺雷格比；胸毛浓密、性欲旺盛、以拥有熔岩灯而感自豪的奥斯丁鲍威尔斯；个人意识模糊不清、总是期待录音电话响起的布里奇特琼斯。这些单身人士过去一直是故事、歌曲和个人广告中的常见人物，传统上这些人处在社会的边缘：滑稽有趣、让人怜悯或令人敬畏。
2. Those days are gone. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people like Elizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success. Scooting around Paris in her Golf GTI, one hand on the wheel and the other clutching her cell phone, de Kergorlay pauses between calls to rave about life alone. “I’m not antisocial,” she says. “I love people. But living alone gives me the time and space for self-reflection. I’v e got the choice and the privacy to grow as a human being.”
2. 那些日子已经一去不复返了。现在的单身族不再像过去那些面容枯槁的老处女和鳏夫，而是像伊丽莎白克尔戈莱这样的人。伊丽莎白克尔戈莱是个29岁的巴黎银行家，她把拥有独立生活和自己的公寓看成是事业成功的结果。她开着漂亮的德国Golf GTI牌小汽车快速地在巴黎兜着风，一手扶着方向盘，另一手抓着手机，在打电话的间歇中热情洋溢地谈论着单身生活。她说：“我不厌恶社交，我喜欢与人交往。但是独自生活使我有时间和空间自我反省。我作为一个人有权选择并不受干扰地成长。”
3. As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europe s new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist Jean-Claude
Kaufmann, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc on Europeans private lives. More and more of them are remaining on the ir own: they’re living longer, divorcing more and marrying later — if at all. British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France s National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990.
3.正如圣人们所言，我们最终都将是单独一人。但是越来越多的欧洲人在很年轻的时候就决定过独身生活。这不是悲观的人生思考，而是欧洲经济新气象，受到人口学家、房地产发展商和广告商这类人的普遍欢迎。法国社会学家让克劳特`考夫曼评论这种从家庭生活到独身生活模式的过渡是上个世纪不可抗拒的个人主义趋势的组成部分。通信技术的革命、商业文化从稳定性过渡到流动性以及大量妇女进入产业大军都对欧洲人的私生活产生巨大冲击。越来越多的欧洲人在步入独自生活，因为他们寿命更长了、离婚更多了并且结婚也更晚了——如果他们还要结婚的话。现在英国的结婚率在160年的记录中最低的。据法国国家统计局的报道，在1968到1990年期间法国独身的人翻了一番。
4. The home-alone phenomenon remains an urban and a Northern European trend: people who live in rural areas — as well as Spaniards, Greeks and Irish — tend to stick to families. By contrast, Scandinavians, Dutch and Germans like to live alone: 40 percent of all Swedes live alone, as do seven million Britons — three times as many as 40 years ago. According to the recent report “Britain in 2010” by Richard Scase, professor of organizational behavior at the University of Kent, single-person households will outnumber families and couples within a decade. In London s tonier neighborhoods like Kensington and Chelsea, about half of all households are people living alone. In Germany this year, 56-year-old divorcee Bernd Klosterfelde produced a CD called “Alone No More.” Featuring 15 tracks of household noises with titles like “Nothing on TV; At Least the Chips Are Good” and “The Fridge Is Finally Full Again,” it promises people who live alone“62 minutes of togetherness.”
4.独自生活的现象一直是都市和北欧的趋势：生活在农村的人们——以及西班牙人、希腊人和爱尔兰人——倾向于过家庭生活。与此相反，斯堪的纳维亚人、荷兰人和德国人喜欢独自生活：40%的瑞典人独自生活，七百万英国人独自生活——这是40年前的3倍。根据肯特大学组织行为学教授理查德斯凯斯最近的“2010年的英国”的报道，单身家庭数量将会在十年内超过两人或两人以上的家庭。在伦敦的肯辛顿和切尔西这样的“贵族”区，大约有一半的房子里住着独自生活的人。在德国今年56岁的离异者伯恩德克劳斯特费尔德创作了一盘称作“不再孤独”的CD。该碟片的特点是有15段家庭生活的录音，如“电视没什么节目；最起码薯条还是不错的”和“冰箱终于又满了”，它为独自生活的人们提供了“62分钟归属感”。
5. Europe s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. A recent poll by the Institute Francaisd Opinion Publique, the French affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of French respondents viewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. O ther European singles agree. “I’ve always wanted to be free to go on adventures,” says Iris Eppendorf, who lives by herself in Berlin. “I hate dreary, boring, bourgeois living —it’s not interesting.”
5.欧洲的新经济气候大大地鼓励了独立的趋势。当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格的资本主义气候的时期。成长在私有化和日益买方市场时代的当今熟谙技术的工人象接受自由经济那样也热情欢迎爱情自由。现代的欧洲人相当富有，有财力独自生活；而且他们性格独立，希望独自生活。法国公众民意研究所（盖洛普民意测验法国分部）最近的调查发现，被提问的法国人中有58%的人认为独自生活是一种选择而不是一种强迫。其他欧洲单身一族也这样认为。独自住在柏林的艾丽丝埃彭道夫说：“我一直想要随心所欲地去冒险。我讨厌沉闷、令人厌烦的中产阶级生活——一点都没意思。”
6. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage —twenty-something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a hefty proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. “The Swedish word for someone living alone used to be ensam, which had connota tions of being lonely,” notes Eva Stanstead, author of “Living Alone in Sweden.” “It was conceived as a negative — dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then along came the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.”
6.以前独自生活的人都是一些处在婚姻生活之两端的人们——20多岁的专业人员或寡居的老人。领取养老金的人，特别是上了年纪的妇女，构成了独自生活人群的绝大多数；而新一批单身族则是30到40岁的高收入人士，他们日益认为独自生活是一种生活方式的选择。《在瑞典独自生活》一书的作者伊娃桑德斯蒂德注意到：“瑞典语过去曾用ensam称呼独自生活的人，蕴涵孤独之意。独自生活被认为是消极的——黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活则意味着温暖与光明。但是新单身族的观念则不然。他们年轻、美丽、强壮！现在，年轻人希望
独自生活。”
7. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman could make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Ch arming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don t last long — if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan and chronic wanderlust, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did —give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determine d life.”
7.繁荣的经济意味着人们比以往任何时候都要更努力工作。这就无法为交往留出很多的空间。35岁的作曲家平庇阿罗约独自居住在巴黎的一所房子里，说他无暇感到孤独，因为有很多事要做。“我总有工作要赶在期限内完成，这就使得我与他人在一起生活相当困难。”他还说只有“理想妻子”才能改变他的生活模式。最近出版《单身女人和白马王子》一书的作者考夫曼认为，这种狂热的新个人主义意味着人们对配偶的期望越来越多，因此相互之间的关系持续不长——如果能有开始交往的话。埃彭道夫是个金发碧眼的柏林女人，有着晒成褐色的皮肤，并且嗜好旅行。她上午在一所小学教书，下午则去日光浴或睡觉，以便彻底地休息，然后去跳舞。她还不到50岁，她说她从未想过要象她母亲那样生活——放弃事业，以便照看家庭。而“我一直在做我想要做的事：过自己选择的生活。”
8. A self-determined life doesn t come cheap. In capitals like Stockholm, Rome or Berlin, high rents mean that only big earners can afford their own housing. Proportionally, more professionals live alone: in France, one in five career women live alone, compared with one in ten working women. The French government recently allotted nearly 77 million francs to people in their early 20s who wanted to move away from home, but couldn t afford to. Parisian banker de Kergorlay s apartment allows her the luxury of being able to “read, cook, write and entertain without having to make compromises.”
8.过自己选择的生活一点也不便宜。在像斯德哥尔摩、罗马或柏林这样的首都城市，房租很高，这意味着只有高工资的人才付得起自己的住房。按比例来算，有更多的专业人员独自生活：在法国五分之一的职业妇女独自生活，而在蓝领工作妇女中的比例则是十分之一。法国政府最近为那些二十多岁想搬出去住但又负担不起的年轻人拨款七千七百万法郎。巴黎银行家克尔戈莱的公寓使她能十分舒适地“无拘无束地读书、煮饭、写作和娱乐”。
9. Such freedom can be addictive, particularly for women, notes sociologist
Kaufmann. “Women are still expected to be the housewife in couples,” he notes. “It s very hard for women to fight against this idea, so the only way they can attain sexual equality is to live alone.” De Kergorlay hasn t ruled out marriage, but wouldn t give up her freedom for a man. “If I were to get married,” she explains, “I would still want my own room —an escape zone where I can be by myself.”
9.社会学家考夫曼提到这种自由会令人上瘾，特别令妇女上瘾。他说：“在夫妻关系中，人们依然期待妇女做内当家。妇女要与这种观念斗争是非常困难的，所以她们能获取男女平等的唯一方法就是独自生活。”克尔戈莱并不排除结婚的可能性，但是她不会为了一个男人而放弃自己的自由。她解释说：“如果我要结婚，我仍要有自己的房间——一个属于我自己的自由空间。”
10. Millions of singles yearning for escape zones or solitude are straining Europe s city housing market. Over the next 15 years, the British population is set to decline, but the number of houses will rise by 25 percent — an increase largely accounted for by single people. Southeastern England is undergoing a major building boom: the British government has authorized the construction of 860,000 new homes, mostly for the middle classes. Real-estate brokers note a rise in the number of young singles who work mad hours and treat their homes like dorms. In London, luxury complexes with tiny flats, gyms and easy access to urban pleasures are springing up for young and driven professionals. Single-person households promote gentrification: when singles move into the neighborhood, say geographers, latte bars, gyms and restaurants are sure to follow, and local music, theater and art galleries thrive. “Singles are a real benefit to French cultural life,” says Olivier Donna, of the French Ministry of Culture and Communications. “Without them, you are left with couples and families who prefer to stay at home and watch TV.”
10.数以百万计的向往自由空间或喜欢独居的单身族使得欧洲房地产市场供给紧张。在未来15年里，英国的人口将会下降，但房屋的数量将会增长25%——这种增长主要来自单身族的需求。英格兰的东南部正经历主要的建房热：英国政府已授权建造860,000所新住宅，主要是为中产阶级而建。房地产经纪人注意到年轻单身族人数的上涨，这些人工作起来很疯狂并把家当成宿舍。在伦敦，为年轻人和以事业为重的专业人员建造的豪华综合楼群正拔地而起，这儿有小套公寓、健身馆以及便利的交通去享受都市的娱乐。单身住房促进了地区贵族化：地理学家说，当单身族搬进邻近地区时，咖啡酒吧、健身馆和饭店就一定会跟进来，并且当地的音乐、剧院和艺术馆也会繁荣起来。“单身族对法国的文化生活带来了真正的好处，”法国文化和通讯部的官员奥利弗唐娜说道，“没有他们，那就剩下只愿呆在家里看电视的夫妇和家庭。”
11. Women, it seems, enjoy singledom more than men do. According to Scase, single women — unlike men — tend to live near single friends, forming networks
that serve as neo-families. Restaurants, gyms and latte bars function as living rooms, as do pubs — a trend that s made young urban women a mainstay for the British drinks industry over the past five years. By contrast, the bachelor tends to stay in. “The man who lives alone is very much the sad case,” says Scase. “They really do watch videos and drink beer.”
11.妇女好象比男人更会享受单身生活。根据斯凯斯的观点，单身女人——与单身男人不同——倾向于住在单身朋友附近，形成新型家庭般的朋友圈。饭店、健身馆和咖啡酒吧就像酒馆一样起到客厅的作用——这种趋势使得都市妇女在过去的五年里成了英国酒业的主要支柱。相反，单身汉则倾向于呆在家里。斯凯斯说：“独自生活的男人是非常悲哀的。他们确实在看录像和喝啤酒。”
12. For some young urbanites, renting “The Matrix” and reaching for a lager is a much-needed escape — particularly for those in New Economy careers like media, advertising or information technology. “My whole job is communicating,” says Katherine Edwards, whose job as public-affairs manager for the British supermarket chain Tesco takes her out to parties and dinners a couple of times a week. “The last thing I want to do when I come home is communicate.” For Richard Moore, managing director of a sport-promotions company, his 1870s south London house is a refuge from work. The peace and quiet is such a luxury, says Moore, that “I ll live alone until I meet the girl I m going to marry.”
12.对某些都市年轻人来说，租看录像、碟片和品味啤酒是一种十分必要的逃避——特别是对于那些职业与新经济的有关的人，如：媒体、广告或信息技术。“我的工作就是交际，”凯瑟琳爱德华说道。作为英国超级市场特斯科分部公共事务部经理，工作使她每周都有两三次的社交和宴请机会。“当我回到家后，最不愿意做的事就是交际。”体育促销公司执行董事理查德穆尔把他的伦敦南区建于19世纪70年代的老房子当成他逃离工作的避难所。穆尔说，平静和安宁是如此难得，“我要独自生活直到遇上我心仪的女子。”
13. Living alone doesn t mean living without romance. Jan Trost, a sociologist at the University of Uppsala, has studied Europe s rising incidence of what he calls LAT, or living alone together, in which committed couples opt for separate residences. In an increasingly mobile work culture, professionals often work in separate cities or even countries, using e-mail, phones and meetings on weekends to sustain relationships. Married types who have bickered once too often about toothpaste caps or dust bunnies are opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress. And divorced or widowed people who hook up later in life tend to have set ways and long personal histories with the requisite complications: “Should my piano or your piano be the piano?” says Trost, imagining a hypothetical discussion. “And photos: my grandchildren or yours? It s simpler to keep your own house.”
13.独自生活并不是指生活中就没有浪漫。乌普萨拉大学的社会学家简特罗斯特研究了欧洲出现的越来越多的一起而又独自生活的LAT现象，也就是：决定在一起生活的双方选择分开居住。在工作流动性越来越大的社会里，专业人员经常在不同的城市里甚至在不同的国家工作，他们利用电子邮件、电话和周末见面来维持关系。那些曾经常为牙膏帽或尘屑等这类琐事争吵的已婚男女，倾向于和和气气地分开居住，而不是关系紧张地住在一起。离婚或丧偶的人再次与他人和聚的时候，往往已有自己固定的生活方式和长期形成的复杂的个人需求。特罗斯特在假设一个讨论的情形时说：“是留下我的钢琴还是留下你的钢琴？是把我孙子和孙女的照片挂起来还是挂你的？而保留自己的房子就简单多了。”
14. The move from cozy families to urban singledom opens new vistas for marketers. In the past, the Holy Grail for advertisers was the couple with 2.3 children. No longer, argues Scase. Today s companies should think of high-earning singles as a key market. Gone are the days of the clamorous family gathered around a table groaning with home-cooked food. A third of Britons eat dinner alone at least four times a week — and prefer eating alone to eating with others, according to a British National Opinion Poll. Small wonder that Britain s market for ready-made convenience foods has doubled in the last five years.
14.搬出舒适的家到都市独自生活为商家提供了新的前景。过去，广告商最看重的是有两三个孩子的夫妇。斯凯斯说情况不再是这样了。如今的公司应该把高收入的单身族当成重要的市场。吵吵嚷嚷一家人围坐在饭桌边吃自家做的饭的日子已经一去不复返了。英国人中有三分之一的人每周至少有四次独自吃饭——根据英国国家民意调查，他们更喜欢独自吃饭而不是与人一同吃。怪不得英国市场的便利熟食在过去五年里增长了一倍。
15.A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers to alarm systems to agencies that will water your plants or bring you aspirin and coffee when you re hung over. Compact cars and mobile phones, the major props of modern European city life, have solid markets among European singles. Bouygues Telecom / France Telecom estimates that a hefty percentage of cell-phone users are young home-aloners; a quarter of Smart cars, tiny vehicles designed for city driving, are sold to twenty- and thirty-something singles who “churn” or change partners instead of settling down. It s a marketing man s dream: a demographic with the anxieties of teenagers and the bank accounts of the middle-aged. Instead of saving for their kid’s college education, the home-aloners are prepared to fork out on personal-fitness trainers, seaweed cellulite wraps and stiletto heels. “You have to be concerned about presenting yourself if you live in a more mobile society,” says Scase. “Appearance is no longer a young person s concern. And [singles] have the money to spend on it.”
15.其它一系列为单身服务的项目也涌现出来，从带狗散步、安警报系统到为你浇花或在你
宿醉时给你送阿司匹林和咖啡的服务机构，应有尽有。小型汽车、移动电话这类欧洲都市生活的主要工具，在欧洲单身族中拥有稳定的市场。博格斯电信\法国电信估计使用移动电话的人中有相当多是独自生活的年轻人。史马特车——为都市设计的小汽车——有四分之一是卖给那些经常换伴侣而不安家的20和30来岁的单身者。这正是销售商的梦想：一个具有十来岁孩子的渴望而又有中年人的银行账户的群体。独自生活的人们不必为孩子上大学而储蓄，他们乐意把钱开支在个人健身设备、海藻脂肪膜和高跟鞋等上面。斯凯斯说：“如果你居住在移动性较大的社会，你就要关心如何展现自我。外表不再是只有年轻人才关心的事了。而且单身族在这上面花得起。”
16. Living alone may bring freedom, but not necessarily buoyant health or better sex. A recent Dutch study of 19,000 people found chronic disease was 30 percent higher among singles. “Married people are healthier,” says the University of Rotterdam s Inez Joung, who conducted the study. “They smoke and drink less. Single and divorced people are more likely to commit suicide and have liver disease, diabetes or lung cancer.” The playboy magazine pr omise of singledom as a portal to sublime sex doesn t hold, according to Hamburg University sexologist Gunter Schmidt. Having studied the sex lives of 3,000 young Germans, he estimates that 90 percent of all heterosexual sex occurs in long-term relationships. Half of the young singles surveyed weren t having any sex at all. And good sex, according to Schmidt, pretty much remains the privilege of the attached: only 40 percent of singles said they enjoyed sex, compared with 80 percent of people in relationshi ps. “The sexual world of singles is rather gray,” says Schmidt. “They make a huge effort to produce
a little sex that s not even satisfying.”
16. 独自生活会带来自由，但是并不一定会带来轻松愉快的健康或更好的性生活。最近荷兰对19,000人的研究表明，单身族中患慢性病者要高出30%。从事该项研究的鹿特丹大学的伊内兹荣格说：“结婚的人更健康，他们较少喝酒、抽烟。单身和离了婚的人更有可能会自杀，更可能会患有肝病、糖尿病或肺癌。”根据汉堡大学性科学专家冈特施密特的观点，《花花公子》杂志所认为的单身是通向崇高性生活的途径的看法是不成立的。冈特施密特研究了3,000名德国年轻人的性生活，他推测90%的异性恋的性生活基于长期的关系。有一半受调查的单身者根本就没有性生活。根据施密特的调查，好的性生活在相当程度上是相互依托者的特权：只有40%的单身者说他们享受性生活，而有长期异性关系的群体则是80%。“单身者的性世界是暗淡的，”施密特说道。“他们非常努力地过一点点但又不能令人满意的性生活。”
17. Life can get even tougher as home-aloners age. Once retired, work s not there to provide a steady income or social life. Bad health and fear of crime can turn freedom into frightening solitude. In Sweden, groups of individuals have started about 50 co-housing projects designed for singles or couples in the second half of
their lives. At Fardknappen, a state-built group home in Stockholm for people “in the second half of life,” the feel is less that of an old person s home than a college dorm, with its buzzing modems, cheeky political cartoons and blue-jeaned, sandal-shod residents. Nightly group dinners aren t mandatory, though people do have to pitch in and cook for a week every two months. And they re worth going to, to hear Fardknappen s 55 residents buzz with tales of recent trips to jazz clubs, to Cuba and South India.
17.当独身者上了年纪，生活就更艰难了。一旦他们退休，就没有工作来提供稳定的收入或社交生活。不健康的身体和对犯罪的担心会使得自由变成令人恐惧的孤独。在瑞典，一些群体发起了为单身或夫妇后半生而设计的50项合住工程。在国家拨款修建的位于斯德哥尔摩的费德克纳蓬“后半生”集体住宅里，感觉上不象老人院，而像大学宿舍，这里有嗡嗡作响的调制解调器、厚颜无耻的政治人物的漫画和穿着蓝色牛仔和凉鞋的居民。虽然每两个月人们确实要花上一周的时间积极投入炊事准备，但集体晚餐并不是强制的。然而很值得一去，还可以听听费德克纳蓬的55位居民吵吵嚷嚷地谈论着最近去爵士俱乐部、去古巴和印度南部的故事。
18. The fusion of independence and community for older people has proved popular: the seventy-year old group has waiting list of 75, and visitors from Japan and the United States tramp through to learn about the Swedish method of aging gracefully. “Living like this enables old people to have freedom,” explains Mette Kjorstad, a divorcee who moved to Fardknappen after her two kids left home. “And it s a great relief for people s children —they’re free of a lot of guilt.” Guilt-free families? Now that s a sign of a seismic societal shift if ever there was one.
18.将自立引入老年社区已被证明很受欢迎：70岁的老人组有一份75人等候加入的名单，来自日本和美国的访客长途跋涉到此来了解瑞典的体面养老方法。“这样生活使得老人有自由，”梅特基约斯塔德解释道。梅特基约斯塔德离了婚，在她的两个孩子离家后住进了费德克纳蓬。“对老人的子女来说是很大的宽慰——他们不会感到内疚。”存在没有内疚的家庭吗？这种迹象表明我们有可能正在经历一次巨大的社会变革。
研究生英语综合教程下册课文原文
课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课后答案1-10课 (2)
UNIT ONE Party Politics P8 I Comprehension Check 1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCAB P10 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCD II 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklish P11III Translation To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial. P13 Key to Supplementary Readings A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTT B.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTF UNIT TWO The New Singles P29 I Comprehension Check 1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCAD P31 Vocabulary Study I 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist 7.neoclassical 8. neonates II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion P32III Translation Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person. Key to Supplementary Readings (略) UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die? P51 Comprehension Check 1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDAD P53 V ocabulary Study I 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny
新视野研究生英语_读说写1Unit 5 Remote Control课文原文
原文Unit Five Remote Control 1、Recently the Washington Post printed an article explaining how the appliance manufacturers plan to drive consumers insane. 2、Of course they don’t say they want to drive us insane. What they say they want to do is have us live in homes where “all appliances are on the Internet, sharing information”and appliances will be “smarter than most of their owners.” For example, the article states, you could have a home where the dishwasher “can be turned on from the office”and the refrigerator “knows when it’s out of milk” and the bathroom scale “transmits your weight to the gym.” 3、I frankly wonder whether the appliance manufacturers, with all due respect, have been smoking crack. I mean, did they ever stop to ask themselves why a consumer, after loading a dishwasher, would go to the office to start it? Would there be some kind of career benefit? YOUR BOSS: What are you doing? YOU ( tapping computer keyboard ): I’m starting my dishwasher! YOUR BOSS: That’s the kind of productivity we need around here! YOU: Now I’m flushing the upstairs toilet! 4、Listen, applian ce manufacturers: We don’t need a dishwaher that we can communicate with from afar. If you want to improve our dishwashers, give us one that senses when people leave dirty on the kitchen counter, and shouts at them: “Put those dishes in the dishwasher rignt now or I’ll leak all over your shoes!” 5、Likewise, we don’t need a refrigerator that knows when it’s out of milk. We alrealy have a foolproof system for determining if we’re out of milk. We ask our wife. What we could use is a refrigerator that refuses to let us open its door when it senses that we are about to consume our fourth Jell-O Pudding Snack in two hours. 6、As for a scale that transmits our weight to the gym: Are they nuts? We don’t want our weight transmitted to our own eyeballs!What if the gym decided to trainsmit our weight to all these other appliances on the Internet? What if, God forbid, our refrigerator found out what our weight was!
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学
家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit
Unit 9 Animal Emotions Laura Tangley Sheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning. Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too. 1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight. 2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too. 3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.” 4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated in
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B 课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts
当代研究生英语下册课文原文
UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I) 1 A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time? 2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years. 3 During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action. 4 The work of adult life is not easy. As in childhood, each step presents not only new tasks of development but requires a letting go of the techniques that worked before. With each passage some magic must be given up, some cherished illusion of safety and comfortably familiar sense of self must be cast off, to allow for the greater expansion of our own distinctiveness. Pulling Up Roots 5 Before 18, the motto is loud and clear: “I have to get away from my parents.” But the words are seldom connected to action. Generally still safely part of our families, even if away at school, we feel our autonomy to be subject to erosion from moment to moment. 6 After 18, we begin Pulling Up Roots in earnest. College, military service, and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of one’s own. In the attempt to separate our view of the world from our family’s view, despite vigorous protestations to the contrary—“I know exactly what I want!”— we cast about for any beliefs we can call our own. And in the process of testing those beliefs we are often drawn to
研究生新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课后答案
UNIT TWO The New Singles II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion III Translation UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die? II 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiers UNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of Space II 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s 10.Architecture UNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World? II 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray 9.defuse 10.frustrated UNIT SIX The New American Dreamers II 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced 5.affluent 6. tied down 7. quest 8. the end of the rainbow 9.therapeutic 10. formulating UNIT EIGHT Sex Roles II 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine 5.disapproval 6.subsistence 7. speculate 8.perceive 9. socialize 10.prone UNIT NINE Animal Emotions II 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedly UNIT TEN Is Science Dangerous? II 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implication
研究生英语综合教程上课文及翻译
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森 1 What exactly is a key player? 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A key player is a phrase that I’ve heard about from employers during just about every search I’ve conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。I asked a client --a hiring manager involved in a search --to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. 每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologist,I’ve got two or three whom I just couldn’t live without 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”He said.key players are essential to my organization. 他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。And when hire your company to recruit for us ,we expect that you’ll be going into other companies and finding just that :the staff that another manager will not want to see leave .we recruit only key players . 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2 This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s company to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change . 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。They want to hire a key player from another company . 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员