2019年中考地理复习自然灾害复习题(有答案)

2019年中考地理复习自然灾害复习题(有答案)
2019年中考地理复习自然灾害复习题(有答案)

2019年中考地理复习自然灾害复习题

一、选择题。

1.我国常见的自然灾害有气象灾害,地质灾害等,其中地质灾害主要有()A.干旱 B.洪涝 C.台风 D.地震

2.下列我国各省与其易发自然灾害组合正确的是()

A.新-洪涝 B.台-地震 C.内蒙古-泥石流 D.川-雪灾

3.中国南方多省区由于连降暴雨,引发洪涝和山体滑坡等自然灾害,下列对一些自然灾害发生是采取的应急措施比较合理的是()

A.地震发生时在路边抱着高压电线杆

B.雷雨天气在野外躲在大树下

C.泥石流发生时顺着泥石流运动方向撤离

D.当被洪水围困在室内时往高处转移,等待救援

4.下面哪些属于自然灾害?()

A.我国贵州夏季持续干旱

B.我国新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠常年干旱

C.在太平洋海面上形成了台风

D.在横断山脉没有人的深山里发生滑坡

5.下面的灾害中不属于气象灾害的是()

A.台风 B.寒潮 C.干旱 D.泥石流

6.读图,下列有关我国泥石流、滑坡等地质灾害说法不正确的是()

A.多发区以高原和平原地形为主

B.多分布在年降水量400mm以上的地区

C.以地势第二级阶梯最为集中

D.主要分布在中西部,以西南地区最为集中

7.如图是今年7月份给广东、广西人民造成重大损失的灾害性天气﹣﹣“威马逊”,它属于()

A.海啸 B.沙尘暴 C.寒潮 D.台风

8.下列现象中,主要由工业废气造成的是()

A.土地荒漠化 B.水土流失

C.鱼类大量死亡 D.酸雨

9.我国大多数地区经常发生的自然灾害是()

A.台风 B.寒潮 C.旱涝 D.泥石流

10.梅雨是下列哪个地区特有的天气现象()

A.江淮地区 B.珠江流域 C.黄河中下游地区 D.海河流域

11.我国主要的地质灾害有()

A.寒潮、地震、滑坡 B.水土流失、大气污染

C.地震、滑坡、泥石流 D.滑坡、台风、泥石流

12.我国是自然灾害频发的国家,下列有关我国自然灾害的叙述正确的是()

A.地震、泥石流、滑坡属于气象灾害

B.滑坡、泥石流多发生在我国东部平原地区

C.冬、春季我国长江中下游地区多发生洪涝灾害

D.春季宁夏气候干旱,多发生沙尘暴气象灾害

13.图中,比较容易发生滑坡和泥石流的是()

A.A B.B C. C D.D 14.火山爆发可能引发的地质灾害是()

A.地震 B.洪水 C.干旱 D.台风15.下面不属于我国自然灾害特点的是()

A.种类多 B.分布广

C.频度高 D.发生少

16.下面对于我国自然灾害分布特征的描述正确的是()A.台风──西北内陆

B.干旱──华北地区

C.洪涝──青藏高原

D.滑坡──长江中下游平原

17.下面自然灾害与防灾措施对应错误的是()

A.西北防护林──防御风沙

B.三峡大坝──防御洪水

C.设置防护网──崩塌

D.砍伐森林──防治滑坡

18.在面对地震时,下面哪种应对措施是错误的?()A.撤离到安全地带

B.回屋抢救财产

C.躲在小开间的墙角

D.远离疏松的建筑

19.下列自然灾害具有关联性的是()

A.地震—台风—雷暴 B.干旱—山崩—泥石流

C.暴雨—山洪暴发—海啸 D.寒潮—沙尘暴—大气能见度降低20.下列选项中不属于自然灾害的是()

A.气象灾害 B.地质灾害

C.生物灾害 D.人为大火

二、综合题

21.我国是个自然灾害多发的国家,自然灾害类型多,影响各地区的自然灾害不同.读“我国主要自然灾害分布图”,回答下列问题.

(1)图中出现的主要自然灾害中,属于气象灾害的是.(2)观察台风路径,侵袭我国的台风主要来自洋面(填大洋名称),其主要影响我国地区.

(3)据图中所示我国洪涝灾害集中分布在.(4)结合我国的地形分布特点和降水分布特点,解释我国中西部的山区多滑坡、泥石流等灾害的原因:.(5)当发生泥石流时,应向(沿着、垂直)泥石流流动方向的山坡上跑.

22.目前我国荒漠化面积已达到260多万平方千米,并仍以每年3000多平方千米的规模在扩大;同时,我国又是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一,旱涝灾害频繁多发。读图,回答下列问题。(13分)

(1)我国荒漠化严重地区主要位于(山脉A)以西的地区,年降水量多为 mm以下。

(2)B是我国的(省级行政区域单位的全称),天山以南的盆地荒漠化问题尤其突出。该盆地气候干旱的主要原因是。

(3)C是高原,地处我国地势的第级阶梯,水土流失严重。(4)福建省的部水土流失严重。按因果关系完成下表。

参考答案

一、选择题:

1-5:DBDAD 6-10:ADDCA 11-15:CD BAD 16-20:BDBDD

二、综合题。

21.

(1)洪涝、干旱、台风;

(2)太平洋;东南沿海;

(3)东部季风区的河流中下游平原地带;

(4)地形:多山、坡陡;降水:降水集中多暴雨;

(5)垂直.

22.

(1)大兴安岭西北 400

(2)新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木深居内陆,远离海洋,受海洋影响小(3)黄土二

(4)西(西南)

①山地、丘陵②夏③乱砍滥伐,植被破坏等④植树造林、种草等

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