青海情况介绍

附件三：

青海省省情介绍

一、概况

青海位于青藏高原东北部，因境内有全国最大的内陆咸水湖——青海湖而得名，简称“青”。青海五分之四以上的地区为高原，平均海拔3000米以上，属典型的高原大陆性气候，太阳辐射强，光照时间长，地区间差异大，垂直变化明显。

基本特点：一是地广人稀。青海东西长约1200公里，在东经89°35'——103°04'之间；南北宽约800公里，在北纬31°39'——39°19'之间，面积72.23万平方公里，占全国总面积的7.51%，仅次于新疆、西藏、内蒙古，居全国第四位。到2007年底，全省总人口551.6万人。二是多民族聚居。共有53个少数民族，世居少数民族主要有藏族、回族、土族、撒拉族和蒙古族，其中土族和撒拉族为青海所独有，少数民族占总人口的46%。全省现有6个民族自治州、7个民族自治县，实行民族自治的地区占总面积的98%。三是资源丰富。共发现各种矿产127种，其中54种储量居全国前10位，9种居全国首位。特别是黄河上游的水电资源，柴达木盆地的盐湖资源、石油天然气资源，以及分布在全省各地的有色金属资源、非金属矿产资源极为丰富，开发前景广阔。此外，具有高原特色的农牧业资源、野生动植物资源和旅游资源也很丰富。四是生态地位重要。青海是长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地，素有“中华水塔”之称，是我国重要的生态功能区。

二、资源基本情况

土地资源：青海省土地面积72.23万平公里, 约占全国的1/13，仅次于内蒙古、西藏、新疆，居全国第4位。

矿产资源：目前发现各类矿产129种，其中54种矿产保有资源储量列全国前10位，23种排前3位。锂、锶、钾、镁、芒硝、石棉、石英岩等9种矿产资源储量居全国首位。全省已发的矿种129种，有查明资源储量的矿种107种，其中，已发现能源矿产4种，金属矿产39种，非金属矿产72种，水气矿产3种。全省共发现大中型矿产地319处。

水能资源：青海省河流众多，河床落差大，水能资源十分丰富。全

省河流水能理论蕴藏量总计2165万千瓦，居中国各省区的第5位，其中在1万千瓦以上的干支流区有108条。全省有6个大型梯级电站，装机容量可达785万千瓦，年发电量约294.5亿千瓦时，分别占全省可开发水能资源总装机容量的43.6％和年发电总量的38.l％，被誉为中国水能资源的“富矿区”。

石油天然气资源：青海省的石油、天然气主要分布在柴达木盆地。以冷湖油田、尕斯库勒油田、花土沟油田和狮子沟油田为主。含油面积达147平方公里，有三个时代的生油层，已发现地面构造140个，潜伏构造42个。探明油田17个，原油保有储量近2亿吨，居全国第十位；天然气已探明9个气田，保有储量472.1亿立方米，保有储量潜在经济价值为70.82亿元，居全国第六位。

高原动植物资源：青海是我国主要草原畜牧业生产基地之一，也是全国的五大牧区之一。各类牲畜2215.2万头（只），其中牦牛、藏羚羊等牲畜在国内外有较高的声誉。具有高原特色的虫草、贝母、大黄、雪莲、蕨麻、鹿角菜、发菜、三刺等资源十分丰富。

青海旅游资源十分丰富。在国内乃至世界有较高知名度的旅游景点有20余处。大自然赋予了青海独特的风光。如江河源、昆仑文化、青海湖、塔尔寺都是具有垄断性品牌，有很大的发展潜力。

三、经济社会发展现状

西部开发战略实施以来，在党中央、国务院的关心和支持下，青海进入了历史上最好的发展时期，主要表现在：

国民经济持续快速发展。2007年全省实现生产总值760.96亿元,比上年增长12.5%，比上年增速高0.3个百分点；人均生产总值13836元，比上年增长11.5%。第一、第二和第三产业对GDP的贡献率分别为4.3%、59.4%36.3%。

特色经济发展成效显著。盐湖化工、电力、石油天然气、有色金属、冶金、医药、建材、农畜产品加工等支柱和优势产业在工业经济中的比重不断提高，以盐湖资源综合利用、轻金属新材料和中藏药现代化为重点的新型产业群正在崛起，农牧业产业化快速发展，旅游业发展势头迅猛。

Brief Introduction of Qinghai

1. Summery:

Qinghai Province is located in the northwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Qinghai is named after Qinghai Lake, the largest inland salt lake in China (Short for Qing). The four fifths of area in Qinghai is plateau with its average altitude over 3,000 m above sea level so that Qinghai has its typical plateau continental climate with its strong solar radiation, longer sunshine hours, great regional differences and striking vertical changes. Basic Features:

1.1 Vast area and sparse population: Qinghai lies between 89°35' and 103°04' east longitude and 31°39' and 39°19' north latitude with the length of 1,200 km from west to east and width of 800 km from north to south and Qinghai covers an area of 722,300 km2, accounting for 7.51% of the total area of China, ranking fourth in the country next to Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. By the end of 2007, the population totaled 5,516,000.

1.2 Co-existence in a compact community living by multiple peoples: With the 54 ethnic minorities living in Qinghai, Tibetan, Muslim, Tu, Sala and Mongolian are the major ethnic groups that have inhabited in Qinghai since the ancient times. Tu and Sala people are two ethnic groups who could uniquely be found only in Qinghai. The population of ethnic groups accounts for 46% of the total population in Qinghai. Qinghai Province has currently 6 ethnic autonomous prefectures and 7 ethnic autonomous counties under its jurisdiction, which accounts for 98% of the province’s total area.

1.3 Qinghai is rich in its natural resources. Among the 127 varieties of the discovered mineral resources, the reserves of 9 varieties rank the first and the reserves of 54 varieties rank the top ten in the country and special mention should be made to the

hydropower resources on the upper reaches of the Yellow River and saline resources and petroleum, natural gas in Qiadam Basin, as well as non-ferrous and noble metal distributed through Qinghai have become the advantageous mineral resources in Qinghai with their great exploitation potentials. In addition, Qinghai is rich in its plateau-featured agro-livestock, fauna and floral and tourism resources.

1.4 Important ecological status: Qinghai is the source of Yangtze River, the Yellow River and Mekong River with its reputation of Water Tower of China. so that Qinghai is an important ecological function area in China.

2. Resources

Land resource: Qinghai covers an area of 722,300 km2, accounting for one thirteenth of the total area of China, ranking fourth in the country next to Inner Mongolia Tibet and Xinjiang.

Mineral resources: There are over 127 varieties of minerals that have been discovered in Qinghai. Among the 127 varieties of the discovered mineral resources, the reserves of 54 varieties rank the top ten and 23 varieties take the third position in the country. The deposits of more than ten mineral resource, including lithium, strontium, potassium, magnesium, Glauber’s salt, asbestos, quartzite, etc. are ranked to the national top. Among the 127 varieties of the discovered mineral resources, there are 107 varieties of proven minerals. So far, 4 types of energy resources, 39 types of metal resources, 72 types of nonmetal resources and 3 types of hydrosphere resources have been discovered in Qinghai. In addition, 319 mineral occurrences, large and medium-sized, have been discovered in Qinghai so far.

Hydropower resources: Qinghai is rich in its hydropower resources with its many rivers and great water falls. The storage volume in

Qinghai can reach 21.65 million Kw, ranking the fifth across the country. There are 108 tributary rivers with their capacity of 10,000 Kw. There are 6 large-scale cascade hydropower stations with their total installed capacity being 7.85 million Kw and their annual power generation being 29.45 billion Kwh, accounting for 43.6% of the exploitable installed hydropower capacity and 38.1% of the annual power generation volume respectively in Qinghai so that Qinghai has been reputed as the rich hydropower area in China. Petroleum & Gas Resources: The petroleum and natural gas is mainly distributed in Caidam Basin of Qinghai with the major oil fields like Lenghu, Gasi’kule, Huatugou and Shizigou. The oil area has reached an area of 147 km2 with their three-generation petroleum source beds with the discovered 140 ground compositions and 42 latent compositions. There are 17 proven oil fields with a deposit of 2 billion m/t, taking the tenth on the national list and there are also 9 proven natural gas fields with their reserved deposit of 47.21 billion m3 and its reserved economic value being 7.082 billion yuan, taking the sixth on the national top.

Qinghai is one of the major pastoral livestock husbandry production bases in China and one of five pasturing areas in China with 22.152 million heads of livestock and the livestock like yak and Tibetan antelope are well known both at home and abroad. Qinghai is rich in the plateau-featured natural resources like caterpillar fungus, fritillaria, rhubarb, snow lotus, fern, carragheen moss, long thread moss, sea buckthorn, etc.

In addition, Qinghai is rich in its tourism resources with more than 20 national and international famous scenic spots, It’s true that nature has endowed Qinghai with its unique views. The Source of Three Rivers, profound Kunlun Culture, Qinghai Lake and Ta’er Monastery, etc have become monopolistic tourism brands with

their great development potentials.

3. Current Social & Economic Development in Qinghai

Qinghai has entered its best development phase in its history with the implementation of the Grand Western Development Strategy and strong support and deep concern of the Chinese Party Central Committee and State Council in the following aspects:

The national economy maintains its a sustained, rapid and sound development. The total output value of Qinghai came up to 760.96 billion yuan in 2007 with its increase of 12.5% than last year, 0.3% higher thaan that of last year. GDP per capita totaled 13,836 yuan, an increase of 11.5% than last year. In sum, the contribution rate of the first and second and tertiary industries turned out to be 4.3%、59.4%, 36.3% respectively.

A great achievement has been made in the plateau-featured economic development in Qinghai. The proportion of the pillar and advantageous industries like saline chemical engineering, power, petroleum, natural gas, nonferrous metal, metallurgy, pharmacy, building materials, agro-livestock product processing, etc. keeps increasing with the focus on new rising industrial clusters of comprehensive utilization of the saline resources, new light metal materials and modern Chinese and Tibetan herbal medicine along with the fast growing of industrialized agro-livestock industry and tourism.