初中英语语法不定代词讲义

初中英语语法不定代词讲义
初中英语语法不定代词讲义

不定代词

一、不定代词的定义:

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、

宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。

二、一般不定代词及用法

1. some/a ny 含义:"一些",既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。

区别:1). some用于陈肯句;any用于疑问句或否定句。

I can see some flowers, but I can't see any apples.

2). some用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能;any用在肯定句中有强调

或加强语气的功能,意为"任何”。Would you like some coffee

You may come at any time.

2. many/much

注意:"和"前可有等词进行修饰。

There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus.

Sorry, I ' m afraid I can ' t go with you. I ' ve got too much work to do.

3.

few/a few/little/a little

1 111

We still have a little time. There is little time left.

4. both, either, n either, all, every, none

5. “other ”、“ another "、“ others ”和“ the others

I don ' t like this green pencil, please give me another one.

In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.

2 222

There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.

三、复合不定代词及用法

1. 复合不定代词的构成:复合不定代词是由some-, any- , no-, every-加上-one , -body ,

注意:形容词或修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或要置于复合不定代词之后。

There' s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没有其他的东西了。

2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中;any-类的复合不定

代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

Some one wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。

Can I have someth ing to drink, please 请问我可以喝点东西吗

He doesn' t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。

3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用,相当于no-类的复合不定代词。

There is not anythin g(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。

4. no one 可以用于回答who引导的疑问句,不能回答how many引导的疑问句。

---Who knows the an swer to the question 谁知道这个问题的答案。

---No one. 没有人知道。

5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用,表示部分否定。

3 333

Not everybody likes watchi ng TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。

Not everythi ng is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。

6. - one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-'s构成所有格。

He just found someone ' s w allet. 他刚刚发现别人的钱包。

一、重难点

1. 在否定句中not...any 的意义相当于no。There isn ' t any (= is no) water in the

bottle.

2. some用于可数名词单数前,表示 "某个”。Somecareless man has taken my umbrella.

某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。

3. everyone意为"人人、每人",只指人,不指物,其后不能跟of短语;every one意为“每个”,可以指人,也可以指物,后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后,谓

语用单数形式。

Every one in the class passed the math exam. 这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。

Every one of us must study hard. 我们中每一位都必须努力学习。

二、易错点:

1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用some.

Would you like some dessert 你要吃些甜点吗

2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并非...... 都......”。如:

Both my pare nts are not doctors. 并非我的父母都是医生。

3. each 表示“每一”,可以跟单数可数名词,也可以单独使用。each强调个体,可以用

于两者之间,可以用于三者或三者以上之间,可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或

同位语。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Each student can spend 10 yuan.每个学生能花10 元钱。

Each of his childre n goes to a differe nt school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校

读书。

冠词

4 444

冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,置于名词之前,它不能离开名词而单独

存在。冠词的分类:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。

一、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词的搭配:

不定冠词有a和an两个,表示“一个”,“一类”或“一”,可以说是单数名词的帽子,用于单数名词之前。

2.

5 555

3.

a little 一点儿a few 一些,少数几个

a lot (of)许多,大量

in a hurry 匆忙have a cold 感冒make a face 做鬼脸

a nu mber of 许多 a pair of 一对have a good time 过得愉快

have a swim=swim have a walk=walk have a look=look

have a talk=talk

、定冠词

定冠词只包含一个“the ,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词,

定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物。

1.

6 666

2. 定冠词的其他用法

三、零冠词

零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a/an )、定冠词(the ),也没有其他限定词的现象。

1.

7 777

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