牛津高中英语模块五语言点
牛津高中英语模块五语言点2012/8/10
Unit 1 Getting along with others
一、Reading
1. betray: vt.背叛，出卖，泄露
betray sth to sb: 向某人出卖∕泄露……
betray oneself: 露出原形
betrayal: [biˋtre?l] n. 背叛
①He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy.
②She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.
她说她很难过，但她的眼神里却露出她内心的喜悦。
③an act of betrayal: 背叛的行为
2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have sounded……quiz, saying how easy it was.
⑴must have done: 一定做过……⑵“saying how easy it was”为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。
3.fail sth: 未能通过……
fail to do sth: 未能做……
①I failed my driving test the first time I took it.
②He never fails to write to his mother every week.
4. pretend sth: 假装，扮作……
pretend to do sth: 假装做……
pretend that: 假装……
①He pretended illness as an excuse.
②Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in.
③She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.
5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt.
(1) 承认 admit (doing) sth: 承认做……
admit that: 承认……
admit sb to be + n / adj: 承认某人是……
①He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car.
②We all admit him to be a fool.
(2) 允许……进入，接受,录取
admit sb to / into sth: 允许……进入……
①Each ticket admits two people to the party.
②Tom has been admitted into Peking University.
6. beg (sb) to do sth: 恳请（某人）做……
beg (sb) for sth: 恳请（某人）……
beg (for) sth: 乞讨……
①I beg you not take any risks.
②He begged her for forgiveness.
③John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.
7.keep one’s secret: 保守秘密
keep one’s word / promise: 遵守诺言
break one’s word / promise: 违背诺言
8. (Page 2, Line 18) ……paper that said……
say: vt.写到，表明；显示
read: vt. 写着；指示，显示
①The clock said it was 7: 30.
②I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.
9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi.
(1) 发誓，宣誓
swear to do sth: 发誓做……
swear that: 发誓……
①Mona swore never to return to home.
②Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇).
(2) 咒骂，诅咒swear at sb: 咒骂……
Rich(里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.
10. spy on sth: 监视∕窥探……
These days I have been spying on the enemy’s movements.
11. focus: vt. & vi.集中注意力于；(使)聚焦
n. 焦点，重点
focus sth on sth: 集中……于……
focus on sth: 集中注意……
①The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area.
②I was so tired to focus on anything.
③The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.
12. manner: n. 方式；举止，态度[C]
manners: n. (1) 礼貌，礼仪(2) 风俗，习惯
in this manner: 用这种方式
table manners: 餐桌礼仪
It’s good / bad manners to do sth: 做……有∕无礼貌
①He objected in a forceful manner. 他坚决反对。
②It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴都是食物说话不礼貌。
13. guilty: adj.内疚的，有罪的
be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因为……而内疚
be guilty of sth: 犯……罪
①I feel guilty about not visiting him often.
②He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。
③The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
14. remark: n. & v.谈论，评论，谈到
make a remark about sb: 议论……
make no remark: 不加评论
remark on sth: 谈论……
remark that: 谈到，说起
①She could hear others were making rude remarks about her.
②I couldn’t help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。
③The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。
④ Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。
15. argue with sb about / over sth: 因为……与某人争吵
argue that: 认为
argue sb into / out of doing sth: 说服某人（不）做……
◆◆argument: n. 争论；争吵；争议；论点；论据
①We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses.
②He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals.
③They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。
16. apologize to sb for sth:
因为……向某人道歉
make an apology to sb for sth:
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 对……体贴(2) 对……敏感
①She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married.
② A writer must n’t be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反映过激。
18. blame: vt. 责备，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责[U]
blame sb for (doing) sth: 因为……责备某人
blame sth on sb: 把……归咎于……
sb be to blame for sth: 某人因为……应受责备
take the blame: 承担责任
① A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。
②Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors.
③You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper.
④ It is I who am to blame for the mistake.
⑤You can’t expect Jerry to take all the blame.
二、Project
1. the attitude towards sth: 对于……的态度
What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?
2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于；(2) 抛锚，停船；(3) 固定
n. 锚，支柱
drop / cast anchor: 抛锚
be anchored in sth: 扎根于
①They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊。
②We anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。
③Literature must be anchored on our life.
④ Home is his anchor when he is away on business.
3. be cautious about sth: 对……小心∕谨慎
cautiousness: n. 小心∕谨慎[U]
These people are cautious about spending money. 这些人用钱仔细。
4. be eager to do sth: 急于做……
be eager for sth: 急于∕渴望……
①Clara(克莱拉) was eager to tell her side of the story. 克莱拉急于讲述她对那件事的看法。
②She was eager for success.
5. respond: vi. 作出反应；回答
respond to sth / respond that: 对…..作出反应；回答……
①She responded to my letter with a phone call.
②The doctor responded that he couldn’t tell the name of the disease.
6. response: n. 反应；回应；答复
in response to sth: 以回应……
make response to sth: 回应…… make no response: 不作回答
① The laws were passed in response to public pressure.
② He made no response to my question.
7. regardless: adv . (1) 不管怎样；无论如何（用在句末）
(2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顾
① You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless.
② All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits(价值，优点).
8. end up: 结果为；以…….结束
end up + 介词短语∕adj ∕doing
① If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
② If he carries on driving like that, he ’ll end up dead. 他照那样开车，早晚得丢命。
③ Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.
9. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于……
① This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
② She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence.
她非常忠于职守，一个卓越的女警。 10. quarrel with sb about sth: have a quarrel with sb about sth:
We aren ’t going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars.
11. in conclusion / to conclude: 总之
In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. 最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
12. mercy: n . 仁慈，怜悯，宽容
at the mercy of sb: 任由……摆布
show mercy to sb: have mercy on sb:
leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb: 任凭某人受……摆布
① They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
② The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(难民).
③ He won’t lea ve the cat to the mercy of the boy.
13. get through: vt . 完成；通过；批准通过
get through to sb / sth: 到达……；接通……的电话
① get through a task / an exam.
② Millions of refugees will die if these supplies don ’t get through to them.
③ With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.
14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交[C] (2) 认识，了解[U, C]
make one ’s acquaintance: make the acquaintance of sb:
of one ’s acquaintance: 所认识∕理解的
on first acquaintance: 初次相见时
① I am delighted to make your acquaintance.
② a certain lawyer of my acquaintance.
③ Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasn ’t the right type. 初次见面就看出他不是对路子的人。
因为……与某人吵架 怜悯某人 结识……
Unit 2 The environment
一、Reading
1. debate: vt. & n.辩论，争论，讨论
debate sth with sb: 与……争论∕讨论……
open a debate: 展开讨论
under debate: 在讨论∕辩论中
◆◆debater: 辩论者
①We opened a heated debate about the bill(议案) with them.
②The whole question of compensation(赔偿) is still under debate.
2. floor: 发言权
open the floor: 自由发言
take the floor: 开始发言
have the floor: 有发言权
①The president then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions.
②The senator(参议员) have no floor in the debate.
3. A……times + what 从句: ……几倍于……
The company can produce 10 times what it did last year.
4. cut back on sth: 减少，削减
We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.
5. have a duty to do sth: 有义务∕责任做……
be on duty / off duty: 值班∕下班
Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。
6. be greedy for sth: 贪图……
As we know, the corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.
7. credit: n. (1) 赞扬，认可(2) 信用(3) 学分[C] (4) 存款[U]；借款[C]
creditable: [ˊkredit?bl] adj. 值得赞扬的，可信的a creditable attempt
give sb credit to sb: 赞扬∕认可……
be in credit: 有存款
①You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in.
②There are no bank charges if you stay in debt.
③The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.
8. a large quantity of + n[U, C]: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化）Large quantities of + n[U, C]: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）
① A large quantity of money has been spent on the research.
② A large quantity of books were donated to these children.
③Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.
9. ask around: 四处打听
I will ask around and see if anyone can help.
10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵输送；(2) 给……打气；(3) 倾注，灌注（into）
vi.涌出；涌流
n. 泵，抽水机，打气筒
◆◆pump sth + 介词+ n
①The heart pumps blood around the body.
②Pump air into a tyre.
③He pumped plenty of funds into the new project. 他向新工程倾注了大量的资金。
④ Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像喷泉似的从他腹部涌出。
11. sth run out: ……用光
run out of sth: 用光……
use sth up: 用光……
①Let’s hurry, our time is running out.
②We have ran out of what we had at hand.
12. responsibility: n. (1) 责任[U] (2) 义务[C]
take responsibility for sth: 对……负责
have a responsibility to do sth: 有义务做……
①He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity.
②Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.
二、Grammar
1. 动词+ it + when / if 从句：
enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。It指代if从句或when从句所叙述的内容。例如：
①She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
②He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
③I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
④I prefer it if I didn’t have do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
⑤ I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
2. impress: vt. (1) 使印象深刻，打动
impress sb with sth: 用……打动某人∕给某人留下印象
be impressed by / with sth: 因为……被打动∕而留下印象
①He impressed her with his sincerity(真诚).
②I was deeply impressed by his story.
(2) 使铭记，铭刻
impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth: 使某人铭记……；铭刻……在……上
① The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records.
经理让办公室职员铭记做精确记录的重要性。
②His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。
3. impression: n. 印象，感想
first impression: 第一印象
make an impression on sb: 给……留下印象
be under the impression that: 原以为，误认为
①First impression can be deceptive(骗人的).
②It was their determination that made a deep impression on me.
③I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来。
4. conflict: vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突，矛盾
conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
be in conflict with sth: 与……抵触∕冲突
①Their account(描述) of the event conflicted with ours.
②Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.
③They don’t have religious beliefs(宗教信仰) that would be in conflict with Lina’s choice.
5. opening: n . ⑴ 开口，孔，洞
⑵ 开始，开端 the opening of a book / a speech
⑶ 开张，开业 the opening of the new sports center
6. drill: v. 钻孔，打眼
n. 训练，练习
① drill for oil: 钻井探油
② They are drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 他们正在泰晤士河底下钻一条新隧道。 ③ fire-drill ：消防演习
④ pronunciation drills: 发音练习
7. at a nation level: 从国家方面
At the national level, Jamaica's disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Committee (NDC) and its six sub-committees.
8. in flames: 在烈焰中，燃烧着
① The whole building went up in flames. 整栋建筑物在大火中烧毁。
② The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飞机被击中起火坠落。
三、Project
1. raise concern: 引起关注
2. nationally and internationally at home and abroad
The great fire raised great concern nationally and internationally.
3. range: n . 范围；一系列；山脉；靶场，射击场
vi . (1) (在……范围内) 变化 (2) 包括 (3) 排列
a range of sth: 一系列…..
a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各种各样的……
range from sth to sth / range between sth and sth: 在……与……之间变化
in / within range (of sth): 在（……的）范围内
out of range (of sth): 超出（……的）范围；在（……的）范围以外
① We have students from a wide range of background.
我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。
② She had different plenty of jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.
③ The great mountain range of the Alps: 雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉。
④ a rifle range: 步枪靶场
⑤ The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
4. put sth in danger: 使……危险
Corruption will make the dam in danger when heavy flood occurs.
5. in / with regard to sth
regarding concerning
① I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
② She said nothing regarding your request.
③ We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
6. be under way: 进行中
The plan is now well under way.
7. appreciate: vt. 欣赏；感激；理解
在国内外 关于……
I would appreciate it + if 从句: 如果……，我将不胜感激。
appreciation: [??pri:?i?ei?n] n. 欣赏，感激
appreciative: [??pri:?i?eitiv] adj. 有欣赏力的，感激的
be appreciative of sth: 感激……
① His ability was fully appreciated by his employer.
② I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
③To show our appreciation for your work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
④I’m most appreciative of your generosity.
8. let off: vt. (1) 宽恕，不惩罚(2) 放（枪等），使爆炸
① They let us off.
②The boys were letting off fireworks.
9. public transport: 公共交通
10. (Page 39, Line 20) You should find ways to use them again without throwing them away.
without= instead of
11. absorb: vt. 吸收，理解，使全神贯注
be absorbed in sth: 专心于……
① Plants absorb nutrients from soil.
②Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
③Absorbed in his study, he didn’t notice I came in.
12. do one’s part: 尽……的职责
Everyone should do his part to make contributions for his motherland.
Unit 3 Science and nature
一、Reading
1. (Page 42, Line 3) ……point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce……
当宾语从句是主从复合句，而且从句在前时，that不可以省略；当宾语从句后的主从复合句中的从句在后时，that可以省略。例如：
Father promised that if I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.
Father promised (that) he take me to Beijing if I studied harder.
2. be on one’s way to doing sth: 就快……
He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company. 他就快当上公司的高官了。
3. intention: n. 意图，目的，打算
with the intention of sth: 怀着……的意图
have the intention of doing sth:
有意做……
have the intention to do sth:
① He went to the library with the intention of finding some valuable books.
②We have no intention of deserting the land we have occupied.
4. adopt: vt.⑴领养，收养⑵采用，采纳
adopted: adj. 领养的，过继的
adoption: n. ⑴领养，收养⑵采用，采纳
① Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan(孤儿).
②adopted son: 养子
③adopt one’s advice.
5. (Page 42, Line 24) If I had the chance, I would have……
→虚拟条件句：
① If I were you, I should tell him the truth.
② If I had money last time, I would / should / could / might have bought a car.
③ If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
④ If he were to leave today, he should get there by Friday.
6. push ahead with sth: 努力推进……
After careful consideration, they decided to push ahead with the construction of the train station.
7. consequence: n. 后果[C]
as a consequence of sth: 由于……
The sea level has risen a lot as a consequence of global warming.
8. be in agreement with sb: 同意……
Are we in agreement with the price?
9. on a personal note: 个人认为
on a + adj + note: 以……的语气∕论调
① He ended his speech to his employees on a humorous note.
② On a more serous note, the manager mentioned the accident last month.
二、Grammar
1. make a breakthrough: 取得突破
They have made a great breakthrough in scientific research.
2. burn out: (1) vt. 烧光，烧坏；使……累垮
① The hotel was completely burnt out.
② If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he’ll burn himself out.
(2) vi. 燃尽，烧坏
① The fire burnt out before the firemen arrived.
② The clutch(离合器) has burnt out due to excessive heat. 离合器因为过热而失灵。
三、Task
1. with reference to sth: 关于……
With reference to your recent advertisement, I’m writing to request further details.
关于贵方最近的广告，现特函查询详情。
2. in reply to sth: 答复……
I’m writing in reply to your letter of July, 1.
3. I would be grateful if you could……
如果你能……，我方感激不尽
I would appreciate it if you could……
We would be most grateful if you could confirm these arrangements immediately.
如果贵方能立即确认这些安排，我方将感激不尽。
4. follow in one’s footsteps: 效仿某人
My father was a jazz player, and I wanted to follow in his footsteps.
5. conduct: vt.(1) 进行(2) 指挥(3) 传导(4) 行为表现
conduct oneself well / badly: 行为表现好∕坏
◆◆conductor: n. 乐队指挥；售票员；列车长；导体
① a survey conducted by Professor Johnson: 由约翰逊教授进行的调查
② conduct a band: 指挥一个乐队
③Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.
④He conducted himself far better than expected.
6. majority: n. 多数，大多数
⑴a majority of + n(复数): 大多数……（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）
A clear majority of voters were in favor of the motion(动议). 绝大多数选民都赞成这一动议。
⑵ the majority: 大多数。它作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体∕其中成员，谓语
动词用复数。
The majority agree(s) with me.
⑶The majority of + n[C / U]: 大多数……。作主语时，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化。
① The majority of people have realized the importance of limiting population growth.
② The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
⑷The majority of + 集合名词: 大多数……。它作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调
个体∕其中成员，谓语动词用复数。
① The majority of the population live(s) in the city.
② The majority of the committee have / has arrived.
⑸ be in the majority: 占多数
Men are in the majority in their college.
7. summary: n. 总结，概括，摘要
news summary: 新闻提要
in summary: 总之
① Please write a short summary of the passage.
② In summary, I would say the sports meeting has achieved a great success.
8. take sth into consideration / account: 考虑……
I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.
9. practice: n. 惯例，习俗
It’s bad practice to reveal(泄露) clients’ names. 泄露客户的姓名是个不好的习惯。
10. keep sth alive: 维持……的生命∕存在
① Doctors kept him alive on a life-support machine. 医生们靠生命维持机维持他的生命。
② we need to fight to keep our academic institution alive. 我们需要斗争以使我们的学术机构得以生存。
11. brief: adj. 短暂的，简洁的
in brief: 简言之
a brief visit: 短暂的访问
a brief conversation: 简洁的对话
In brief, the meeting was a disaster: 简言之，这次会议糟透了。
四、Project
1. point of view: 观点，意见
from the point of view: 依……看
① No one wanted to listen to my point of view.
② From the point of Tom, it’s a bad practice to waste so much water.
2. meet / satisfy one’s need: 满足……的需要
We must step up economic development to meet the people’s growing needs.
3. in doing so: 这样做时；这样一来，在这种情况下；这时，当时
① In doing so, she gave a little sigh. 这时，她轻叹了一口气。
② In doing so, they only demonstrated their lack of good faith. 他们这样做，只表明他们缺乏善意。
4. (Page 58, Lines 19-20) They have not seen the effects of careless use of the environment like many wealthy
nations have. “like many wealthy nations have”后省略了seen the effects of careless use of the environment。
5. be good for sb: 对……有益
do sb good: 对……带来益处
① Sunshine is good for your plants.
② Eat more fruit; it will do you good.
6. (Page 58, Line 26) It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing.
“humans winning and nature losing”为动名词复合结构做介词of的宾语。
7. open up: vt. & vi. (1) 开发，开辟(2) 开办，开业(3) 打开(4) 展现
① The new railway is seen as a means of opening up the far west of the country.
这条新铁路被视作国家西部开发的重要手段。
②open up a shop. / A shop has open up.
③open up a package. 打开一个包裹。
④ A move to New York would open up various exciting possibility.
迁到纽约会展现各种各样令人兴奋的机遇。
8. (Page 59, Line 4) Nowhere is truer than with genetically modified food. 转基因食品就是最好的例子。
→“Nowhere is truer than……”为“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
9. nature: n.本性，天性
human nature: 人类的天性
one’s better nature: 人性中善良的一面
I’ve tried appealing to her better nature, but she still refuses to help.
我竭力想唤醒她人性中善良的一面，但她还是拒绝帮忙。
10. defend sb from/against sth: (1) 保护……免于……(2) 就……为……辩护
① The people had to fight to defend their country from the enemies.
②Tom tried every means to defend himself against their charges(指控).
11. be limited to sth: 局限于……
The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford. 费用不应超出你们偿还能力的限度。
12. as to sth: 关于……
as for sth: 至于……
① As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves.
至于批改我们的作业，老师总是让我们自己改。
②As for the hotel, it was uncomfortable and miles from the sea.
至于旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且离海边好几英里。
13. (Page 59, Lines 23-24) No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
划线部分为have an effect on sth的变化形式。
14. permission: n. 允许，许可
give sb permission to do sth: 允许某人做……
ask permission from sb: 征得……的允许
ask for permission: 请求许可
with one’s permission: 在……允许下
without permission: 未经允许
① Who gave you permission to leave the house early?
②If you want to take photos, you must ask permission from him.
③They enter the area without permission.