【2016考研英语-讲义★★★】2016考研英语基础写作班-谭剑波-13页-20150402
2016考研英语基础写作班
辅导讲义
主讲谭剑波
文都考研教学研究中心
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7a16965920.html,
前言
一、 英语二和英语一作文的区别
英语一作文：
1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments.
范文对比:
In this cartoon, a hen is assuring the public that the eggs she lays are completely round, without any square corners, and that they all have shells and yolks. It seems amusing for the hen to be taking credit for doing nothing more than her duty——to lay ordinary eggs. But there is a deeper social message in this cartoon. [图画图表描述段]
Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to make a lot of high-sounding promises. For instance, administration departments promise efficient performance of their tasks, without any bribery involved. Again, commercial enterprises promise to provide excellent products at reasonable prices and with warm service. At first, we feel that we should thank them for making extra efforts on our behalf; but, upon reflection, we realize that they all have a basic responsibility to do things that they promise. [意义阐释段]
“Good wine needs no bush.” If businesses and administration do their jobs properly and serve the people, they will prosper without having to make a lot of meaningless promises. [建议措施段]
英语二作文：
范文对比：
As is clearly shown by the chart, there is a series of figures showing the ratio of different energy consumption. It can be seen that space heating takes up the most energy consumption, which accounts for 48% of the total. The second largest portion of energy (18%) is used for lighting, cooking, and running appliances, with water heating, refrigeration making up 14% and 13% respectively. Among these, space cooling comes up to be the lowest, 7% of the whole.（数据描述）So what can be drawn from the chart? It is not hard to understand that space heating takes up the biggest proportion, which indicates that space heating is the biggest reason of energy consumption. It naturally follows that, only by solving the problem of space heating can we find way out for the situation suggested by the chart. Then, the question is: in what way can we deal with issue of space heating? （数据分析）
Among various kinds of solutions, solar energy might be the most effective answer to this question mainly due to the fact that solar energy can provide a very convenient and quick solution to the problem. It is also necessary to appeal to the public to strengthen the awareness of saving energy, which is very constructive to the problem-solving reflected by the chart.（解决措施）
二、 作文在考研和考研英语中的重要性有多少？
三、 考研英语分数规划与做题顺序。
第一部分小作文
第一节：大小作文连接词观点一二三：
第一：The most important factor to considered is the pollution is serious.
第二：It is also of great important to take into account the fact pollution is serious.
第三：In addition to what mentioned above, it is still necessary to consider the role play by…… 第二节：小作文核心必备10组词汇短语
1.期待
I meet you in the near future.
2.有关与关心
concern
3.回复/回音
4.情感：感激/遗憾/投诉/歉意/诚挚希望
5.如下所示
Follow
6.号召呼吁
Call, appeal
It is high time that we .
7.采取措施
Take measures to
Take steps to
8.方便
9.建议/重要
I suggest that……
My suggestion is that……
10.表达
I am here write this letter convey my……
第三节：小作文语法（若都用到且用对，满分）：
1.虚拟语气：要不是（感谢/投诉）
是做某事的时候了。
2.倒装句
We can do this only in this way.
3.强调句
The matter has been solved because the government took immediate steps.
4.现在完成时
第四节：2015、2016小作文预测版本：
第二部分大作文第一节：大作文核心必备话题词：
1.采取措施
2.如今
3.描述/表明
4.越来越多
5.关注
6.重要性
7.反映/成为…的缩影
This picture reflects a common phenomenon that…….
8.现象/问题
9.改善/恶化
Ameliorate
10.影响
11.身心健康
12.有关当局
Concern
13.意识/忽略
14.联合/解决
15.生动地/逻辑地/清楚地
16.图表/数据
17.增加/减少
18.不可见的
19.发人深省的
20.补充内容
第二节：大作文七个语法点（注：包括小作文语法，若用到其中四点且用对，满分）：
1.主谓一致
1). 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
翻译：采取措施和加强防范是改善这一现状的关键。
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用is，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数表示。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
2). 主谓一致中的就近原则
当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.
翻译：图中有一个小男孩和一对父母正在看关于环保的电视节目。
3).谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, 谓语动词与前面的主语一致.
The teacher together with some students （）holding a discussion about how to fight against commercial cheating.
4). 在一些短语，如 many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.
Many a person （）addicted to digital products.
More than 60 percent of the citizens （）from the countryside.
练习题：（只有练习才可以彻底掌握）
1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. was
2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. was
4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. had been
5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers' office after class.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. will
6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.
A. are
B. were
C. was
D. have been
7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year.
A. have been
B. has
C. had been
D. have
8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. have
9. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday.
A. are
B. is
C. were D . was
10. Mr Smith，together with his children， ____arrived.
A. are
B. has
C. is
D. have
11. It ____I who _____leaving for London.
A. is…is
B. am…is
C. is…am
D. am…am
12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television.
A. are
B. were
C. be
D. is
13. When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
14. Although the first part of the book is easy，the rest ______.
A. are difficult
B. has proved difficult
C. is supposed difficult
D. have been found difficult
15. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
16. Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
17. Mathematics ____the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary.
A. have
B. has
C. there is
D. there are
19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief.
A. have
B. has
C. there is
D. there are
20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building.
A. stand
B. stands
C. standing
D. are
21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. had been
22. No one except my parents _____anything about it.
A. know
B. knows
C. is knowing
D. have known
23. A number of students _____from the south.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
24. The number of students from the north ____small.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
25. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most，
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
26. His "Selected Poems" _____first published in 1965.
A. were
B. was
C. has been
D. are
27. Miss Smith is a friend of ______.
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother
C. Mother's of Mary
D. Mary mother's
28. A good deal of money ____spent on books.
A. have
B. has
C. have been
D. has been
29. On the wall _____ two large portraits.
A. hangs
B. hang
C. hanged
D. hanging
30. _____turn green in spring.
A. Leaf
B. Leafs
C. Leave
D. Leaves
31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble.
A. an advice
B. advice
C. advices
D. the advices
32. All but one ____here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
33. The number of people invited _____fifty，but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories.
A. are often made
B. is often made
C. have often made
D. has often made
35. Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema.
A. allows
B. allow
C. is allowed
D. are allowed
36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave.
A. are
B. is
C. has been
D. are being
37. ____can be done _____been done.
A. All; have
B. All that; have
C. All; has
D. All that; has
38. John has two brothers，but either ____out of work now.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for
B. were searching for
C. are searching for
D. were searching
40. Apples of this kind ____.
A. tastes good
B. tastes well
C. taste good
D. taste well
41. Your trousers ____dirty，you must have _____washed.
A. is; it
B. are; it
C. are; them
D. is; them
42. Where ____rubbish， there are flies.
A. there are
B. there is
C. is
D. there has
43. The Olympic Games ____held every ____years.
A. is; four
B. are; four
C. is; five
D. are; five
44. Many a man _____ come to help us.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
45. He is the only one of the students who _____elected.
A. are
B. have
C. has
D. is
46. Three-fourths of the homework _____today.
A. has finished
B. has been finished
C. have finished
D. have been finished
47. Those who ____ in ____compositions，please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn't handed; his
B. haven't handed; their
C.has handed; their
D. have handed; his
48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher.
A. are praised
B. is praised
C. praised
D. praising
49. The whole class _____the teacher attentively
A. are listening to
B. is listening to
C. are listening
D. is listening
50. The United States of America _____one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
36-40 ADBBC
41-45 CBBBD
46-50 BBAAA
2.非谓语动词：
3.伴随状语，独立主格结构
伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随( ) 发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子( ) 动词的动作而发生或存在的。是由一个( )发出两个动作, 或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。( )的( )一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是( )发生的。
独立主格结构：
All night long he lay awake, tossing and turning, with his blood surging and boiling, thinking of his woman.
1). 使用分词形式（现在分词+过去分词）
2). 用with复合结构
小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。
3).用独立主格结构
这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他。
非谓语动词专项练习
一、单项选择:
1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place
B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place
D. being taken place
2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds.
A. Inspired
B. Being inspired
C. To be inspired
D. Inspiring
3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home.
A. to wait
B. waited
C. waiting
D. being waited
4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight.
A. thinking
B. to think
C. thought
D. being thinking
5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished
B. to finish
C. and finishing
D. to finished
6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not
B. to not have
C. not to have
D. not having
7.Tom apologized to me ______ again.
A. to be late
B. of being late
C. to have been late
D. for being late
8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story.
A. puzzling
B. puzzled
C. being puzzled
D. to be puzzled
9.Will you lend him a magazine _________
A. to be read
B. for reading
C. to read
D. he read
10.The article _________ on this subject was written by Mr. Black.
A. referring
B. referred
C. referring to
D. referred to
11.Living near the sea, ___________________.
A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight
B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy
C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy
D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight
12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry.
A. Having not eaten anything
B. Not eating anything
C. I hadn't eaten anything
D. Not having eaten anything
13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard.
A. read, writing
B. reading, writing
C. to read, written
D. read, written
14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try
A. To give
B. Having
C. Given
D. Giving
16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week.
A. carry on
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
17._________ made them much disappointed.
A. His not coming back
B. Not his coming back
C. He not to come back
D. Not he come back
18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident.
A. to be killed
B. to kill
C. killed
D. to have been killed
19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. joining
B. to join
C. will join
D. wants to join
20.He tried to calm himself, _______ .
A. force
B. to force
C. forcing
D. forced
21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle.
A. As holiday
B. Being no classes
C. Since have no classes
D. It being a holiday
22. "Do you mind _________ " "Go ahead."
A. opening the door
B. your opening the door
C. my opening the door
D. I opening the door
23. I have one or two things ____________.
A. to look
B. to see
C. to see to
D. to look to
24._________ is bad for his health.
A. Mike smoking
B. Mike's smoking
C. Mike's being smoking
D. Mike smokes
25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding
B. to find
C. found
D. founded
26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further.
A. to walk
B. to be walking
C. walking
D. walk
27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street.
A. taking
B. take
C. to take
D. took
28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.
A. to solve
B. solving
C. being solved
D. to be solving
29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week.
A. had
B. let
C. lost
D. left
30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say.
A. Watching, didn't know
B. Having watched, and not knew
C. Having been watch, not known
D. Being watched, not knowing
二、对比练习:
1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. ________many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told .
B. Told
C. He was told
D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turn
D. Turned
6. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
7.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. To see
D. See
8. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
9. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed
B. washed
C. were washed
D. having washed
10 The building ______now will be a restaurant .
11. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
12. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built
B. to be built
C. being built
D. built
13. He stood there ______for his mother .
14. ______for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. Having waited
三、单句改错
1.I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys.
2.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.
3.I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.
4.My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
5.Ride bicycles can help build our bodies and bicycles are so cheap that each family can afford to buy one.
6.On the meeting, twenty-five advancing teachers were praised and those who had completed thirty years of teaching were given medals.
7.She kept the lamb tying to a tree during the day and went to fetch it every evening.
8.I was often a little tired after a day's work and watch TV demands very little effort.
四、翻译练习
1. 中国是一个发展中国家,属于第三世界(the Third World)
China is a ______________ country, _______________ the Third World.
正在修建的这座房子将作我们的餐厅.
The building ______________ will be served as our dining- hall.
由于不知道地址,我们没法和他取得联系.
____________ his address, we have no way_________________ with him.
既不懂当地的语言,在这国家又没有朋友,她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的.
________________ the local language and having no friend in the country, he found it impossible
___________ a job.
生长在农村,他对农民的生活有着深刻的了解.
________ and _______________ in the countryside, he knows better about the hard life of pleasant. 近年来在党的领导下,人们的生活的条件有了大大的改善.
In recent years, _________ by the Party, people find their living conditions greatly
______________.
这本书用简易英语写成,很容易读懂
______________ in simple English, the book is easy _______________
你乐意就如何学好语向我们提些建议吗(so kind as to)
Would you be so kind as ________us some advice on how _____________ English.
4.倒装句
5.强调句
6.虚拟语气
7.句子前的强调
第三节：大作文核心句型5句。
1.图画背后的原因是什么呢？原因如下所示。
2.图画作者试图通过数据表明某某的重要性。
3.为了解决/改善图画所反映的问题，是时候采取有效有力措施了。
4.如今，越来越多的人开始重视/忽视做某事的重要性。
5.毫无疑问，只有个人、社会、政府联合起来才能解决图画所反映的问题。
第四节：考研英语一大作文2015、2016初级预测版本：
2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） 真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman （and many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed
考研英语作文范文八篇
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