初一英语音标学习

初一英语音标学习
初一英语音标学习

元音音素:

/i:/ 【衣发长点】

/I/ 【衣急促地发声】

/e/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来,嘴唇放松自然地读】

/?/ 【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的ī给读出来,嘴唇扁平地发】

/?:/ 【额发长音】

/?/ 【额发短音】

/∧/ 【阿嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就可以了】

/a:/ 【啊嘴巴长到最大】

/?/ 【哦急促】

/?:/ 【哦声音拖长】

/u/ 【乌急促】

/u:/ 【乌声音拖长】

/eI/ 【有点像答应人的“诶”的声音】

/aI/ 【唉】

/?I/ 【哦-喂连着读】

/?u/ 【呕】

/au/ 【傲】

/I?/ 【衣-饿连着读】

/ε?/ 【哎-饿连着读】

/u?/ 【乌-饿连着读】

辅音音素:

/p/ 【普不要把ǔ给发出来,轻音】

/b/ 【不不要把ù给发出来,浊音】

/t/ 【特不要把è给发出来,轻音】

/d/ 【得不要把é给发出来,浊音】

/k/ 【克不要把è给发出来,轻音】

/g/ 【各不要把è给发出来,浊音】

/f/ 【福不要把ú给发出来,轻音】

/v/ 【有点像摩托车启动的声音,“呜呜呜”地,但是是像发“vúvúvú”一样,不要把ú给发出来,浊音】/s/ 【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音,不要把ī给读出来,轻音】

/z/ 【就是/s/的浊音】

/θ/【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】

/δ/【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】

/∫/【西不要把ī给发出来,轻音】

/з/【衣不要把ī给发出来,浊音】

/h/ 【喝不要把ē给发出来,轻音】

/r/ 【若不要把uò给发出来,浊音】

/t∫/【七不要把ī给发出来,轻音】

/dз/【姬不要把ī给发出来,浊音】

/tr/ 【缺不要把uē给发出来,轻音】

/dr/ 【撅不要把uē给发出来,浊音】

/ts/ 【次不要把ì给发出来,轻音】

/dz/ 【自不要把ì给发出来,浊音】

/m/ 【嘴巴闭住,然后发音,气流从鼻子出来,浊音】

/n/ 【嘴巴微张,舌尖顶住上颚,气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来,浊音】

/?/【嘴巴长大,舌头向下弯曲,气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来,浊音】

/l/ 【有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发呕,浊音;而是放在音标中发了,浊音】

/w/ 【我不要把ǒ给发出来,浊音】

/j/ 【呀不要把ǎ给发出来,浊音】

1.前元音[i]

/i/传统式的国际音标读音符号

该音是个前元音,是字母i或y在重读闭音中的读音。它是个短元音,故发此音要短促而轻快。发音要领的是:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,舌两侧抵上齿两侧,口形偏平。

2.前元音[i:]

前元音,是字母ea,ee,ie或ei在单词中的发音。此音是长元音,一定注音把音发足。其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/:口形扁平。

3.前元音[e]

该音是个前元音,是字母e或ea在单词中的发音。它是个短元音。发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,舌位比/i:/低;唇形中常,开口度比/i:/大。

4.前元音[ ]该音是个前元素,是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音。是短元音。发音时舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌

位比/e/更低;双唇平伸,成扁平形。

5.后元音[ ]该音是个后元音,是字母组合ar的读音,也是字母a在ss,st,th等字母前面的读音。是长元音。发音

时口张大,舌身压低并后缩,后舌稍隆起,舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆

6.短元音[ ]该音是个短元音,是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音。发音时口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩,双唇

稍稍收圆。

7.后元音[ ]该音是个后元音,是字母o,or,al,oar,our或oor在单词中的发音。它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬

得比//即美式//美式//高,双唇收得更圆更小,并向前突出。

8.后元音[u]该音是个后元素,是英语字母u,oo或ou等在单词中的发音。/u/是短元音。发音时舌后部抬起,舌身后

缩,舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆,稍突出。

9.后元音[u:]该音是个后元音,是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音。它是长元音。发音时舌后部尽量抬起,舌位比/u/即

美式读音/υ/英式读音/ υ /高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u//υ/稍小。

10.后元音[]该音是个后元音,是字母o和u在单词中的读音。//是短元音。发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触

下齿,舌后部靠前部分稍抬起,唇形稍扁,开口度较大,与//相似。

11.中元音[]读音是个中元音,是字母组合er,ir,or和ur在单词中的发音。//是长元音。发音时舌中部

比发//音时略高。双唇扁平。

12.中元音[]该音是个中元音,是字母a,e,o,u,er,or和ur在单词中的读音。//是读短元音。发音时

舌身平放,舌中部略隆起,双唇扁平。

13.双元音[ei]

/ei/传统的国际音标的读音符号

该音是个双元音,是字母a在重读开音节单词中的读音。先发/e/音,然后滑向/i/音。双唇稍扁,口形从半开到合。

14.双元音[]该音是个双元音,是字母o,oa和oe在单词中的读音。它由元音//滑向后元音/u/即美音和英

音的//,舌位由半低到高,口形由半开到小。注意将音发足。

15.双元音[ai]该音是个双元音,是字母i或y在单词中的发音。/ai/为双元音。先发/a/音,然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下

齿。发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足,注意从开到合的滑动。

16.双元音[au]该音是个双元音,是字母ou和ow在单词中的读音。/au/或//由/a/滑向/u///。舌位由低到高,

口形由大到小。注意将音发足。

17.双元音[i]该音是个双元音,是字母oy和oi在单词中的发音。发音时双唇从圆到扁,口形从开到合。发好这

个音的关键是首先要把后元音/a/////发足,然后滑向/i/音。

18.双元音[i]该音是个双元音,是字母ear,ere,eer在单词中的读音。其发音要领是从/i/音滑向//音,美

音则滑向/r/音。前面的/i/发得较清楚,后面的//或/r/较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足

19.双元音[]该音是个双元音,是字母are,air,ear在单词中的读音。其发音方法是从///e/音滑向

//音。发间时舌端抵下齿,前舌略抬起,双唇半开,此音中的//有似于/e/音,//音较轻。

20.双元音[u]

该音是个双元音,是字母our,oor,ure在单词中的读音。发音时,嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先

要把/u///音发足,然后滑向//音。

21.双唇爆破辅音[p][b]

/p/是p的发音,/b/是b的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双唇紧闭,憋住气,然后突灰分开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。/p/是清辅音,声带不振动;/b/是浊辅音,声带振动。

22.舌齿爆破辅音[t][d]

/t/是t的发音,/d/是d的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然分开,使气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音,声带不振动;/d/是浊辅音,声带振动。

23.舌后软颚爆破辅音[k][g]

/k/是字母k和字母c的发音,//是字母g的读音。舌后软颚爆破辅音。发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚,憋住气,

然后突然分开,气流送出口腔,形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音,声带不振动;//是浊辅音,声带振动。

24.唇齿摩擦辅音[f][v]

/f/是f和ph的发音,/v/是v的发音。唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间通过,形成摩擦音。/f/是清辅音,声带不振动;/v/是浊辅音,声带振动。

25.舌齿摩擦辅音[][]

////是th的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间送出,形成摩擦音。//

是清辅音,声带不振动;//是浊辅音,声带振动。

26.舌齿摩擦辅音[s][z]

/s//z/是s的发音,/z/又是z的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈,气流由舌端齿龈间送出,形成摩擦音。

/s/是清辅音,声带不振动;/z/是浊浦音,声带振动。

27.舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音[∫][]

/∫/是sh的发音,//是s的发音。舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部,舌身抬起靠近上鄂,双

唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。/∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;//是浊辅音,声带振动。

28.声门摩擦辅音[h]

/h/是字母h的发音。声门摩擦辅音。发音时气流送出口腔,在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦;口形随其后的元音而变化。

/h/是清辅音,声带不振动。

29.双唇鼻辅音[m]

/m/是m的发音。双唇鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂,双唇紧闭,气流从鼻腔送出。

30.舌尖齿龈鼻辅音[n]

/n/是n的发音。舌尖齿龈鼻辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈,软颚下垂,气流从鼻腔送出。

31.舌后软颚鼻辅音[]

//是ng的发音。舌后软颚鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔送出。声带振动。

32.舌后软颚半元音[w]

/w/是w的发音。舌后软颚半元音。发音时舌后部向软颚抬起,舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出,声带振动。发音短促,立刻滑向其后的元音。

33.舌端齿龈边辅音[l]

/l/是l的发音。舌端齿龈边辅音。发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前向硬颚抬起,气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时,将舌端抵住上齿龈,舌前下限,舌后上抬,舌面形成凹形。浊辅音、声带振动。

34.舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音[r]

/r/是r的发音。舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起,靠近上齿龈后部。舌两侧稍收扰。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。浊辅音,声带振动。

35.舌前硬颚半元音[j]

/j/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是国音字母y在词首的读音,是舌前硬颚半元音。发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起,舌位较高,双唇伸展成扁平状。它是个浊辅音,声带振动。

36.舌端齿龈破擦辅音[][]

//是ch的发音,//是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高,舌端抵上齿龈后部,气流通

过时发出破擦音。//是清辅音,声带不振动;//是浊辅音,声带振动。

37.舌端齿龈破擦辅音[ts][dz]

/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号,新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内,破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts 和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈,堵住气流,然后略下降,气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音,/dz/是浊辅音。

38.齿龈后部破擦辅音[tr][dr]

/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似,舌尖贴齿龈后部,气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音,/dr/是浊辅音。

初一英语语法大全

本文为你提供的是初一英语语法大全,其中包括1,名词,代词,形容词,动词,冠词;一般现在,将来时。

初一的语法知识包括:

主要掌握几种时态

1,一般现在时

2,一般过去时

3,一般将来时

4,现在进行时

还有几种词

1,名词

2,代词

3,形容词

4,动词

5,冠词

初一英语语法

一、词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作works作品,工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡

十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:

一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数I me my mine myself

复数we us our ours ourselves

第二人称单数you you your yours yourself

复数you you your yours yourselves

第三人称单数she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A)第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes

五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B)现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:

一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill –worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth,

forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词)

b) He looks very young. (连系动词)

c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.

2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑问句

①问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@https://www.360docs.net/doc/7b2820541.html,.

⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club?

⑥问时间What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩问东西What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

14 问价格How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 问电话号码What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、时态

1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:

Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.

行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music. 英文重音的規則有兩個基本觀念要清楚:

1. 一個單字只有一個重音,若聽到有兩個重音的,表示有兩個單字. 當然字較長的,就有所謂的主要重音和次要重音,發音時,後者比前者來輕些。

2. 發音時重音落在母音上而不是子音上。

如何分辨重音,其實不是一件事簡單的事,我們只能根據一些基本規則來幫助我們分辨。但卻不可過份來依賴,因為有很多的

例外會出現. 最好的方法就是去體會語言的韻律,自然地把stress加上去或是在教學生查字典時,除了應用基本的規則去分辨外,若看到例外的,鼓勵學生把重音記下來。

不過英文不是只有唸單字而已,把個人的feelings加進去才能讓文字活出來。可鼓勵學生用不同的feelings去唸單字, 尤其是教到有feelings的單字時。同樣的單字用不同的語調去表達會產生不同的意思來。

分辨單字重音基本規則: (capitals = main stress)

1.重音落在第一音節:

a)名詞帶有兩個音節的。如CHIna, TAble, EXport. 。

b)形容詞帶有兩個音節的: SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy

2.重音落在最後一個音節的:

a) 兩個音節的動詞: to deCIDE, to beGIN, to exPORT

3.重音落在倒數最後第二音節的: (second from end)

a) “-ic”結尾的字: GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geologic

b)”-tion” and “-sion” 結尾的字: teleVIsion, reveLAtion (或者可以說重音落在它(”-ic, -tion, sion)前面的音節上。)

4.重音落在第二音節或是到數第三音節(third from end)

a) “-cy, -ey, -phy, -gy”字結尾的: deMOcracy, dependaBllity, phoTOgraphy, geOlogy.

b) “-al”字結尾的: CRItical, geological

5.複合字(兩個單字組成一個字words with two parts)

a) 複合字若是名詞的話,重音落在第一部份上。如, BLACKbird, GREENhouse

b) 複合字若是形容詞的話,重音落在第2部份上. 如, bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned

c) 複合字若是動詞的話,重音落在第2部份上. 如, to underSTAND, to overFLOW

6.有字首的單字(prefixes): EG. “un-,sub-, dis-, in-, pre-“, etc, 它的重音幾乎都是落在第二音節上。或是第三音節上。Examples: incomPAtible, subMISsion, preAMble, disAPprove,

7.有詞尾的單字(suffixes): 如, :-ness, -ly, -less”, etc. suffixes沒有重音(suffixes are never stressed)。Example: GOODness, QUICKly, MEANingless.

8.有些詞類有名詞和動詞同行,若是名詞的話,重音落在第一音節上,若是動詞的話,重音落在第二音節上。如: a((名詞) ADvoate, CONvict, CONtract, PROtest, CONduct. B)動詞: advoCAte, conVICT, conTRACT, protest, conDUCT.

分辨句子重音的基本規則:

英文是有韻律,節奏的語言,尤其是英國腔,真的好好聽。有時候聽美國黑人說英文好像在唱歌一樣。之前談到如何分辨單字的重音。兩個母音以上,就有重音節的分別,一個單字只有一個主要的重音,字若較長者就有主和次要重音。

1.那麼句子是如何來分辨? 句子主要有兩種形態的字組成: content words and structure words

a) content words(關鍵字): 主要是指句子中的主要關鍵字(key words) 所謂關鍵字意謂著表達句中主要的意思。(Key words carry the meaning in sentences.)

b) structure words: structure words指not important words. 通常在句中所扮演的角色較沒那麼重要,若刪除它們,也可以讓人了解意思。但卻可以讓句子子合乎文法性。

例如以下這些字:

sell car gone France

這些字並不完全,不能說是個句子,因為不符文法。但是卻可以從中猜出它的意思來。所以這些字就是所謂的關鍵字(sell, car, gone,France)。如果我們再加一些(structure words)比較沒那麼重要的字上去的話,就可以構成句子且合乎文法了。如My friend sells my car because I’ve gone to France. 所以再唸句子時,這些關鍵字就得加重了。其較不重要的字就不加重。

2. 如何決定content words and structure words:

a) content words: 主要動詞,名詞,形容詞,副詞和否定助動詞。

b) structure words: 代名詞,介系詞,定冠詞,連接詞,助動詞,和be動詞. 不過有時你也知道英文有很多例外產生,像以下這句話就得強調structure words的重音了,是因為要提供正確的訊息. (underline = stress加底線的部份是指重音所在。) 因為要強調”我”並沒有看到外星人,而是”他”看到的。這時,”我”和”他”要重音。

“Have you seen ET?”

“No, I haven’t, but he does.”

七大特殊单词重音规则

1. 英语中派生词的重音和词根重音一致。派生词就是一些有同样词根的词。比如:act, active, actively com'pare com'parison

2. 带有下列后缀的词:-ary, -ery, -ory, -ism, -ist, -mony, -ment, -ary等,重音通常在第一个音节上。例如:customary scientist slavery factory realism

3. 带下列前缀的词:a-, ab-, ac-, ad-, al-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, em-, en-, in-, mis-, re-, tans-, un-重音通常在第二音节上。例如:a'bout ab'duce ac'cede ad'mire be'long con'sult de'tect dis'like

4. 带下列后缀的词:-aim, -ain, -cur, -eem, -duce, -ere, -firm, -gn, -oin, -oke, -ose, -pt, -rce, -self, -ume重音通常在第二音节。contain occur sincere design confirm

5. 带下列后缀的词:-ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esque, -ette, -ique, -ine, -oon重音通常在最后一个音节。这些词一般都是从法语中借来的词。例如:emplo'yee an'tique maga'zine ci'gar volun'teer gaso'line

6. 带下列后缀的词:-eous, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ient, -ion, -ious, -ish, -it, -liar, -sive, -tal, -uous重音通常在倒数第二音节上。例如:oc'casion re'lation as'tonish de'posit mu'sician

7. 但是有些派生词,比如从名词派生出来的形容词,它的重音就得发生变化,通常是后移。例如:'science scien'tific 'accident acci'dental 'democrat demo'cratic 'politics po'litical

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