新概念英语第二册笔记第55课

Lesson 55 Nota gold mine 并非金矿

【Text】

What did the team find?

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feel deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

【课文翻译】

最近，找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实。一种叫“探宝器”的新机器已经发明出来，并被人们用来探测地下埋藏的金子。在靠近海边的一个据说过去海盗常在里面藏金子的岩洞里，这种机器被派上了用场。海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。一支用这种新机器装备起来的探宝队进入了这个岩洞，希望找到埋藏着的金子。当这个队的队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时，那台机器显示出它的下面埋有金子。队员们异常激动，就地挖了一个两英尺深的坑，但最后找到的是一枚几乎一钱不值的小金币。队员们接着又把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍，但除了一只空铁皮箱外什么也没找到。尽管如此，很多人仍然相信“探宝器”很快就会探出值钱的东西来。

【New words and expressions】

gold n. 金子mine n. 矿

treasure n. 财宝revealer n. 探测器

invent v. 发明detect v. 探测

bury v. 埋藏cave n. 山洞

seashore n. 海岸pirate n. 海盗

arm v. 武装soil n. 泥土

entrance n. 入口finally adv. 最后

worthless adj. 毫无价值的thoroughly adv. 彻底地

trunk n. 行李箱confident adj. 有信心的

value n. 价值

★ gold

同义词precious yellow metal, gold dust 变化形名复golds

（1）n. 金子

pure gold 纯金；a gold medal 金牌

a gold ring ； a gold necklace

a gold watch ； a gold mine 金矿；a goldfish 金鱼

pay in gold 以黄金支付

eg：All that glitters is not gold . 闪闪发光者并非都是金子。

（2）有价之物、高贵 a voice of gold 金嗓子

（3）golden adj. 金的、金色的、贵重如金、幸运的、珍贵的

a golden opportunity 良机；golden days（一生中的）幸福时光

eg：Speech is silver ；silence is golden . 雄辩是银沉默是金。

silver 银子； a silver coin 一枚银币

silvery 银白色；silver gray 银灰色

★ mine

（1）我的eg：He is a friend of mine .

（2）矿 a coal-mine煤矿； a gold-mine

a mine worker ＝a miner 矿工

（3）（知识等的）丰富的资源

eg：He is a mine of information about the political situation of that country.

他非常熟悉该国的政情。

mineral adj. [?min?r?l]矿物，矿石，矿的、矿泉的

mineral water ['min?r?l.w?:t?] 矿泉水

a mineral spring 一个矿泉

★ treasure

（1）n. 金银财宝、财富（gold , silver , jewel ,etc.）

buried treasure 埋藏的珍宝

the treasure of the wrecked ship 遇难的船上的宝物

（2）n. 贵重物品

a national treasure 国宝；art treasure 艺术珍品

（3）n.（口）宝贝的人、宝贝my dearest treasure 我的宝贝儿

（4）v. 珍视、珍爱

cherish sb’s friend ship ＝treasure sb’s friendship珍视某人的情谊

treasure sth up in one’s heart 将某事物铭记于心

★ reveal v. 透露、泄露、揭露

reveal sth to sb（bring sth to light）

reveal methods 透露方法；reveal faults 揭露错误

reveal feelings 流露感情

eg：She revealed the secret to her boyfriend. 她把秘密向她的男朋友透露了。eg：The truth will be revealed someday. 总有一天会真相大白的。

reveal that

eg：Research revealed that the bird was on the brink of extinction.

调查结果显示，类种鸟已经濒于灭绝了。

revealing adj. 揭露（事实真相的）；暴露真相

revealing remarks 揭露真相的评论；revealing dress 暴露的连衣裙revealer n. 探测器

★ invent v. 发明、创造

变化形动变invented invented inventing

eg：Who invented the ball-point pen ？谁发明了圆珠笔？

eg：Bell invented the telephone . 贝尔发明了电话。

＊在发明物前须家定冠词the

invent a new teaching method 发明一种新的教学方法

inventor 发明家；invention n. 发明、创造

discover v. 发现

eg：I’ve discovered a super restaurant near her .

我在附近找到一家一流的餐馆!

discovery n. 发现

★detect v. 发现（不好的事物）查出、探测

同义词discover, locate, spy, recognize 反义词conceal, hide

变化形动变detected detected detecting

eg：The device can detect smoke. 这种装置可用来侦测烟雾。

eg：A machine was used to detect gold . 一仪器器被用来探测黄金。

eg：The police detected the identity of the murder .

警方发现了谋杀犯的身份。

detection [di?tek??n] n.察觉，发觉；侦查，探测

detector n. 探测器；detective n. 侦探

★ bury

同义词cover, conceal, hide, cache 反义词dig, excavate, disinter

变化形动变buried buried burying

（1）（将尸体）v. 埋藏（buried-buried）

eg：The mean landlord asked to be buried with his treasure.

刻薄的房东要求和他的宝藏埋葬在一起。

eg：He was buried with his wife. 他和他妻子葬在一起。

eg：The house was buried under ten feet of snow.

房子被掩埋在十英尺厚的雪底下.

eg：She buried her face in her hands and wept.

她双手掩面哭了起来.

bury / hide one’s he ad in the sand 逃避现实、自欺欺人bury oneself in sth 埋头于、专心致力于……

eg：In the evenings, he buries himself in his books .

每天晚上他都埋头读书.

★ cave n. 山洞

同义词lair, shelter, den, cavern 变化形名复caves

变化形动变caved caved caving

eg：Bears often hibernate in caves. 熊常在山洞里冬眠。cave dweller（美口）（都市的）公寓居民

cavity n. 腔、洞（如牙齿中的洞）

hole n. 洞、孔、坑、洞穴、窟窿

★ seashore n.海岸, 海滨[C][the S]

变化形名复seashores ＝shore

a small house on the seashore 在海边的小房子seasick adj. 晕船get seasick ＝become seasick carsick adj. 晕车；homesick adj.想家

seaside （1）n. 海边游憩地

eg：We will spend the vacation at the seaside .

我们在海滨度过一个假期。

（2）adj. 海岸的 a seaside town 海边的城镇

★ pirate

同义词steal, thieve, rob, pilfer 变化形名复pirates

变化形动变pirated pirated pirating

（1）n. 海盗（可做定语）

a pirate ship / flag 海盗船、的旗志

（2）n. 盗印、盗版（可做定语）

a pirate video / tape 盗版视频/磁带

（3）非法复制集出售唱片、影片、书籍……

smuggle [?sm?g(?)l] vt.走私，非法私运；偷运，偷带run 走私者在国与国之间运送枪枝，毒品及其他违禁危险品bootleg ['bu:tleg] v. 非法制造、运送、销售(酒类), 走私pirate 非法复制集出售唱片、影片、书籍……

★arm

同义词equip, empower, defend, fortify

反义词disarm 变化形动变armed armed arming

（1）n. 手臂

arm in arm 臂挽着臂；shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩

hand in hand 手拉手

armchair n.（单座）沙发

eg：She threw her arms around his neck. 她伸出双手搂住他的脖子。eg：She held her baby in her arms. 她抱着那个婴儿.

stretch one’s arms 张开双臂；raise one’s arms 高举双臂

swing one’s arms 转动双臂

（2）v. 武装、装备

arm sb with ＝equip sb with weapons 用武器装备某人

armed forces 武装力量（指一国的陆、海、空三军）

armed to the teeth 全副武装

eg：He armed himself against the cold with a warm coat .

他穿一件非常厚的外套抵御严寒。

★ soil

变化形动变soiled soiled soiling 变化形名复soils

（1）n. 泥土、土壤（近义词ground ；earth）

plow the soil 耕种土地；rich soil 沃土←→poor soil 瘠土

（2）土地、国家one’s native soil 祖国

eg：He died on Irish soil . 他死于爱尔兰。

★ entrance

n. 入口, 门口[C][(+to)] 变化形名复entrances

（1）入口（反义词exit ）

eg：Where is the entrance to the park , please ？请问公园的入口在哪里? the front entrance of a school 一所学校正门

the back entrance of a school 一所学校后门

（2）入学

entrance into college ＝entrance to college 进入大学

entrance examination 入学考试

★finally adv. 最后地

反义词first

final adj. 最后的

last →仅表市顺序的最后；final →表一串事情的终了

final preparations before leaving 离开前最后的准备

eg：What’s the final word of this dictionary ？

这本字典最后一个字是什么？

final decision 最后判决、决定；final goal 最终目的

the final ballot 决选投票

finals n. 期末考试→take the finals 参加期末考试

final n. 决赛→the World Cup Final 世界杯决赛

finally adj. 最后、终于

★worthless adj. 毫无价值的

同义词valueless, bastardly, inadequate

worth adj. 值得的, 值钱的

be worth doing 值得做 ...

eg：The film is worth seeing again. 这部影片值得一看再看。

worthless adj. 无价值的，没有用处的＝（valueless）

-less 表反义的后缀：

brainless 愚笨的；meaningless 无意义的

homeless无家可归的；harmless 无害处的

helpless 无助的；hopeless 没有希望的

endless 没有尽头的；useless 毫无用处的

priceless 无价的、珍贵的

★thoroughly adv. 彻底地、完全的

give the room a thorough cleaning 把房间彻底打扫一番.

thoroughly adv. 彻底地、完全的（completely, every inch ）eg：He is a thoroughly nice person . 他是个大好人.

eg：They searched the cave thoroughly . 他们把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍。through prep 穿过

go through the tunnel 穿过隧道

★ trunk

同义词stem, stalk, bole, chest 反义词branch

变化形名复trunks 变化形动变trunked trunked trunking

（1）树干、躯干

trunk [tr??k] n.树干；leaf（leaves） [li:f]n.叶，叶子

twig [twig] n.细枝，嫩枝；bough [bau] n. 大树枝

branch [brɑ:nt?]n.树枝；分部：root [ru:t] n.根(部)

（2）n. 大行李箱、大衣箱

briefcase 公文包；handbag（美语：purse ）手提包

suitcase 手提箱；shoulder bag 有肩带女用包、手提包

knap sack 背包、登山袋；backpack 背包

（3）象鼻子

（4）（美）（轿车车尾的）行李箱＝（英：boot ）

★ confident

adj. 确信的; 有信心的, 自信的[(+of)]...

同义词certain, sure, convinced, believing

反义词doubtful, uncertain, uneasy, unsure

变化形形变more confident most confident

a confident candidate 一个自信的候选人

in a confident manner 用自信的方法

a confident smile/ speech 自信的微笑/讲话

a confident look 自信的表情；be confident of sth 对某事有信心

be confident that 对 ... 坚信, 肯定

eg：He is confident of victory / success. 他有自信成功

eg：She is confident that she will win race. 她有自信她会赢得比赛。confidence n. 信心

confident men 骗子；confident game 骗局

eg：You are too shy. You should have more confidence in yourself. 你是太害羞了。你应该对自己更有信心。

confidential adj.

（1）机密的→confidential papers 机密文件

（2）极信任的、可以信赖的→confidential secretary 机要秘密

★ value

同义词worth, excellence, usefulness, importance

变化形名复values 变化形动变valued valued valuing

（1）n. 价值、效用

eg：We must realize the value of humor .

（2）价格、价钱market value 市场价格

the value of land 土地的价格

valuable adj. 有价值的

something is valuable ＝something is of value某事具有价值something is of great value . 某事具有极大的价值

valueless adj. 无价值的、无效果的＝（worthless）

invaluable 极其价值的；priceless [?praisl?s] 极其贵重的numberless 无数的

innumerable [i?nju:m?r?b?l] 多的数不清的、极多的

numerous [?nju:m?r?s] 很多的

二．Key structures：

used to 与would

⑴used to 和would 都可用来描述在过去某一段时间内的习惯动作或经常做的事，一般来说，我们用used to 来开始一段故事；used to 可用来表示现在与过去的对比，而would 不能。

eg：I used to go work by bus. Now I go by car.

eg：I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.

⑵ used to 可用来表示过去的状态和情况；would 只表示过去重复的动作，不能表示状况和情况：

eg：This sort of novel used to be very popular .

这类小说曾经是很受欢迎

⑶ would 可用于表是过去很不规则的的习惯，所以常和often , always , frequently , sometimes 等时间频度副词连用；在非正式文体中used to 也可以这样用：

短语：

When I was young, I used to have a lot more free time than I do now . I used to live near my work and would always get home early. Sometimes I would do a bit of gardening or go for a walk. Now I never have time of anything like that.

Exercise：

1）He used to smoke a lot , but now he has give up .

2）It is said pirates used to / would hide gold here .

3）The pirates would / used to often bury gold in the cave

4）The river used to be clean . 这条河曾经是干净的

5）’I’ll leave this job for a better one’ . he would say when he was scolded by his boss.

分词用法（现在分词doing / 过去分词v. +ed）

1. 分词性质：

句有形容词或副词性质，可以在句中担任表语，定语、宾补或状语。其中，现在分词表主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含意，或动作已完成.

2.分词的用法：做表语、定语宾补或状语。

1）做定语：

a sleeping baby＝a baby who is sleeping

a running dog＝a dog which is running

a broken glass ＝a glass which is broken

a beaten team ＝a team which is beaten

＊beat [bi:t] vt.打；战胜vi.跳动n.跳动(声)；节拍

＊beaten ['bi:tn] adj. 被击败的, 锤成的, 踩出来的, 筋疲力尽的

动词beat的过去分词

eg：This is the problem discussed at the last meeting .

eg：The problem being discussed is very important .

＝the problem which is being discussed is very important .

注意：

1. 单个分词作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。

2. 分词作定语的句子能改写为定语从句。

3. 区别现在分词作定语和动名词作定语。

a sleeping car 卧铺车箱；a sleeping baby 正在睡觉的婴儿

a reading room ；a reading girl

a swimming pool ；a swimming player

动名词作定语：某种功能

现在分词作定语：动作正在进行着

2）做表语

eg：The news sounds exciting.

eg：They got very excited.

eg：His father seems pleased with his score.

＊score 得分、分数

eg：My watch is gone. 我的表不见了。

eg：The book is interesting.

eg：He is interested in the book.

do + ing 令人……

do + ed 感到……

3）做宾语

eg：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

eg：I’d like to have this package weighed.

＊weigh [wei] vi.称得重量vt.称，称…的重量；权衡

eg：I hear a bell ringing somewhere. ＊ringing 铃声

eg：I had a tooth pulled off.

eg：I found the snake eating the eggs.

eg：I found the snake（to）eat the eggs.

用不定式表动作已发生完了。

eg：I found the eggs eaten by the snake .

我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。

eg：He heard someone calling him.

eg：He heard his name called.

eg：I can’t make myself unders tood because of my poor English.

eg：I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall

注意：

1. 后接宾语再接分词作宾补的常用动词：

感官动词：hear , see , notice , watch , feel , find ……..

2. 动词不定式做宾补→动作全过程

现在分词作宾补→动作正在进行

过去分词做宾补→被动概念

4）作状语（现在分词表主动，进行；过去分词表被动，完成）

eg：If you turn to the left, you’ll find the station .

→Turning to the left, you’ll find the station .

eg：As I didn’t receive her letter, I called her up by telephone .

→Not receiving her letter , I called her up by telephone .

eg：While I was walking to school, I met a friend .

→Walking to school , I met a friend .

eg：When she was asked if she had any bad habit , she answered that she was a heavy smoker . →Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker .

注意：

1. 分词作状语可以还原为状语从句。

2. 运用此类句型时前后主语要保持一致。

eg：If weather permits, I’ll start tomorrow .

→weather permitting, I’ll start tomorrow .

翻译：

发展中国家→developing countries ；发达国家→developed countries

（地上的）落叶→fallen leaves ；（正在飘落的）落叶→falling leaves

（正在沸腾的）开水→boiling water ；（滚开过的）开水→boiled water

落水者→a drowning person ；溺水者→a drowned person

三．课文讲解：

★ Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

最近, 找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实.

※ of + v-ing 介词短语作后置定语

a girl of seventeen ；a coat of bright color 颜色鲜艳的外衣

a vase of great value ；a distance of 18 miles

※ come true (预言、期望等)实现，成为事实（不用被动形式）

eg：His dream came true .

eg：He realized his dream .（his dream was realized.）

★ A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

一种叫“探宝器” 的新机器已经发明出来, 并被人们用来探测地下埋藏的金子.

※ be used to do ＝be used for doing 被用作做某事

eg：This tool is used for cutting . 这个工具是用来切割

eg：This bottle is used to hold the medicine .

※ use up 用完, 耗尽（口）筋疲力尽

eg：The soldiers were used up after the long battle .

＊battle [?b?tl] n.战役(斗);斗争,决斗vi.作战,斗争

※ used to do过去常常做某事eg：We used to live in the city .

※ be used to + n. / pron . / doing习惯于

（后接动名词或现在分词）被用来（后接动词原形）

eg：He is used to this kind of job .

※ become used to / get used to 习惯于

eg：You’ll soon get used to our way of living .

eg：I’m used to staying up late . 我习惯熬夜

eg：I’m used to looking after myself . 我已经习惯了照顾自己

eg：S he didn’t like this district at first , but she is used to it now .

＊district [?distrikt] n.区，地区，行政区

★The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold.

在靠近海边的一个据说过去海盗常在里面藏金子的岩洞里, 这种机器被派上了用场.

※ was used in 被使用

The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.

海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里, 可后来却没能取走.

※ fail to do 未能(做) ..., 没能(做) ...

eg：If you receive a request like this, you can’t fail to obey it .

表过去某段时间内经常性动作（通常不很规律）

★ Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

一支用这种新机器装备起来的探宝队进入了这个岩洞, 希望找到埋藏着的金子.

※ armed with 过去分词短语作状语，表是伴随状态。

eg：The professor came of the classroom, followed by his students .

eg：The lady sat by the fireside, surrounded by her three children.

hoping to find 现再分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态

eg：The manager approached us smiling. 经理微笑的走向我们

eg：Some left the hall still weeping. 有些人离开大厅仍然哭泣

★The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

当这个队的队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时, 那台机器显示出它的下面埋有金子.

was examining 过去某时正在检查；过去进行时，描述故事发生当时的背景

※ entrance to ... 的入口

★Very excited, the party dug a hole two feel deep.

队员们异常激动, 就地挖了一个两英尺深的坑,

Very excited 分词短语位于句首时，多用来说明原因或说明动作发生时主语所处状态

eg：Tired of sleeping on the floor , he decided to buy a real bed .

※ dig vt./ vi.挖，掘；刺；搜寻n.戳，捅；挖苦（dug）

dig a tunnel through the mountain 挖一条贯通山的隧道

dig a person in the ribs 推了他肋骨一下、触某人的肋部

（尤指想使某人同享自己所听到的笑话时的动作）

★They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. 但最后找到的是一枚几乎一钱不值的小金币. 队员们接着又把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍, 但除了一只空铁皮箱外什么也没找到.

In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

尽管如此, 很多人仍然相信“探宝器” 很快就会探出值钱的东西来.

※ in spite of + n. / pron / doing

be confident that ………；be confident of sth. / that 有信心，确信

※ something of value有价值的东西

of value 作后置定语，修饰something

something of 在某种意义（或程度）上

eg：He spoke with something of a German accent. 他说话带德国口音

＊accent [??ks?nt, ?k?sent] n.口音,腔调；重音(符号) vt.重读

or something 诸如此类的什么

eg：He hit a tree or something . 他撞上了一棵树或其他什么东西.

※ fairly ：语气最轻的一个‘ 还算，勉强’

eg：The work is fairly hard. 这项工作是还算很难。

quite ：比fairly稍强，’相当地’ 在美国英语中，相当于very

eg：It is quite warm today .

rather ：最强，表是超出平常或所需要的；一般暗示令人不喜欢的事

eg：It’s rather hot today . I can hardly bear it .

今天相当热，我简直不能忍受。

eg：I’ve eaten rather so much . 我吃得太多了

四．Special Difficulties：

区别：I use 使用, I am used to 习惯于，I used to …….过去常常

Exercise 选择正确的动词：

1. He（is used to）（used to）work sixteen hours a day .

2. I（use to）（used to）see him often .

3. He always（uses）（used to）scented soap .

4. He（used to）（is used to）buy two bars of chocolate a day .

5. I couldn’t stand the noise at first but I（am used to）（used to）it now.

6. I（am used to）（used to）swimming in cold water.

五．Exercise：

1. The search for gold proved that ‘The Revealer’ a .

a. works very well

b. doesn’t work well

c. is qui te useless

d. isn’t very good .

2. How c was the hole?

a. deeply ad.深深地

b. depth [depθ] n.深(度)，纵深；深切(刻)[ pl.]深处(渊)

c. deep a.深(厚,切,刻,奥)的

d.深深地，在深处

d. down ./ ad.向下(的)，在下面prep.沿着…而下

deeply adv.；depth n.；deep adj. &adv.；down adv.

用什么词看它的陈述句用什么词

3. Some people are confident . They b the machine will be useful .

a. confide [k?n?faid] vt.吐露(秘密等)

b. believe

c. confuse [k?n?fju:z] vt.使困惑，把…弄胡涂；混淆；混乱，搞乱

d. confess [k?n?fes] v.坦白，供认；承认

4. After the divorce , she d herself in her work .

a. enclosed vt.围住，包住；把…装入信封，附入

b. concealed [k?n?si:ld] a.隐藏的，隐蔽的

c. devoted [di?v?utid] a.献身…的，忠实的

d. buried [?beri] vt.埋葬，葬；掩埋，埋藏，掩藏、埋头于

六．Review：

1. Key structures：分词用法以及used to do / would do

分词：现再分词表是主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成

used to do过去经常做某事，暗含现在已经不这样做了；

would do 有明确的过去时间，表示过去这个动作经常重复跟现在不存在比较关系。eg：It is said pirates used to hide gold here .

eg：The pirates would often bury gold in the cave .

2. Main Points：

eg：All that glitters is not gold . 发光的不一定是金子

eg：Silence is golden . 沉默是金

reveal sth to sb 使（事实等）显露出来；透露；泄漏；揭露、揭露某人…. invent sth 发明某物

＊Invent sth, esp in order to deceive编造某事物(尤指行骗)

arm sb with 用…..武装某人；be armed with … 装备有

entrance to…….. 什么的入口；be confident of sth 对某事有信心

used to do 过去常常做某事；be used to doing 习惯于做某事in spite of 不顾，不管＝despite prep.不管，尽管

七．补充内容：谚语：

1. Live and let live . 容忍别人、得饶人处且饶人

(谚)给别人留点儿面子（或：自己活也让别人活；相互宽容）

2. Look before you leap . 三思而后行