英语六级选词填空解题思路(词性分类表)说课材料

英语六级选词填空解题思路(词性分类表)说课材料
英语六级选词填空解题思路(词性分类表)说课材料

英语六级选词填空解题思路(词性分类表)

解题思路

选词填空答题步骤:

第一步,标注词性,预先分组; 第二步,浏览全文,判断词性; 第三步,同性比较,精确定位; 第四步,带入选项,通读检查。

对原文空缺处的单词进行词性预判,对15个选项进行词性归类后,可以将选择范围逐渐缩小为4选1,3选1,甚至是2选1,这是选词填空解题的关键步骤,所以我们将介绍几种选词填空答题中常用的判断词性的方法。

附:词性分类表

1、v.动词:

以 en, fy, ize, ate 结尾的词一般都是动词

如shorten, terrify, realize, maturate maturate

2、副词:

以 ly 结尾的词大多是副词

(除 friendly, costly, deadly, monthly, weekly, yearly, daily 这些词都是形容词)

3、adj形容词:

以able, ous, tic, ful, al, ible, tive, less, like, logical, most, proof, some 结尾形容词后缀:

~ able 和~ ible 表示可以,能够,eg : eatable , edible

~ less 表示否定,eg : homeless

~ like表示像,eg : humanlike

~ logical 表示学科的,

4、n,名词:

以 ty, cy , age, ance, ence, ( ian, ist, er, ee, ess, ) ry, or, dom, ese, tion, sion, h ood, ( ics, logy) ing, ism, ling, ment, ness, ship, ture 结尾

eg: society ,policy ,storage ,entrance ,confidence ,librarian ,employee ,scientist , history, wisdom ,actress ,economics ,building ,adventure, marxism

~ ian,~ist 表示专业人士

~ ics 和~ logy 表示学科 eg: physics ,biology eg : musician , scientist

~ er 表示占主动地位的人,~ ing 表示行业,eg : employer eg : banking ~ ee 表站被动地位的人,~ ling 表示小的意思,eg : employee eg : birdli ng

~ ess 表示雌性的人或动物,~ ism 表示主义,eg : tigeress , actress eg : realism

~ ese 表示国籍和语言,~ ry 表示 ... 类,-般都属于不可数名词 eg : chi nese eg : jewelryeg : biological ~ proof 表示防 ... 的, eg : fireproof ,waterp roof ~ most 表示最 ... 的, eg : easternmost

具有多种词性的英语后缀:

具有名词与形容词两种词性的后缀

~ al

形容词: personal, parental, natural

名词: refusal, proposal, approval, denial, survival, trial

~tive

形容词: active, passive, positive, negative

名词: detective, representative 代表、代表的 , relative 亲戚 ,相关的

例句:

Success is a relative term, it brings so many relatives. ----by Bernard Shaw

~ant

形容词: ignorant, assistant 辅助的 ,副的 , attendant 伴随的 , 随之而产生的 b uoyant-buoy (浮标,救生圈 ) + ant---- 有浮力的 , 轻快的

名词:

examinant 主考官 , applicant 申请者 , servant, participant attendant 服务人员~ent

形容词:

existent, dependent, emergent

名词:

resident, patient, solvent 溶剂 , detergent 洗洁精,去污剂

~ic

形容词:

periodic, cubic 立方形的 , 立方体的 , magnetic 磁性的 , electronic

名词: critic 评论者、批评家 , mechanic 技工、机械师 , logic 逻辑 , rhetoric 修辞学~ine

形容词: feminine 女性的、阴柔的 , nervine 神经的 , riverine 河流的

名词: heroine , doctrine 教义, routine 程序、常规 , concubine 妾、姘妇~ar

形容词: familiar, similar, linear 线性的 , peculiar 奇特的

名词: scholar 学者 , liar 说谎者 , peddler 小贩子 , 毒贩 burglar 夜贼

~ory/-ary

形容词: advisory 忠告的 , contradictory 矛盾的 , imaginary, elementary

名词: inventory 库存目录( invent 找到,发明――库存目录就是让你找到需要的存货) dormitory---dorm+ itory---- 睡觉的地方词根( dormant 休眠的,dorm ant volcano, 休眠火山dormant period潜伏期;domicile 住宅,住所; dormitive 安眠药)

~atory

形容词:有?性质的

condemnatory 谴责的(condemn谴责) defamatory 诽谤的(defame诽谤) p ropitiatory a 讨好的,抚慰的(propitiate抚慰) obligatory义务的,强制性的(p ropitiate责任,义务) mandatory命令性的(mand命令+atory) anticipatory 预料的(anticipate预料) explanatory 解释的(explain解释)

名词:表场所

Observatory 天文台 Laboratory 实验室 Lavatory 盥洗室 dictionary, piscary 捕鱼场~ile

形容词:

agile ---ag(act) + ile--- 可以动的 ---- 引申为灵活的

ductile---duct 引导 + ile 易延展的,introduce 介绍,引入。

conduct完全引导―― 1 )指导,管理; 2 )行为

fertile 肥沃的

juvenile ----juven(junior)+ ile 年轻的

fragile---frag(fracture) +ile--- 易碎的

flexile---flex(flic 折叠 )---- 可弯曲的,引申为可变通的

servile--- 奴性的

名词:

Missile---miss

发送 + ile 物体 ---- 导弹

Textile---text

(编织) +ile---- 纺织品

Automobile

Domicile--dom(dormitory)---- 住宅,住所

同时具有形容词与动词含义的后缀

~ish

形容词:

1 )具有...性质的(通常为贬义)

bookish 书呆子气的

2 )稍微的 coldish, yellowish 偏黄的

3 )语言 English, Finish, Spanish

动词:establish, diminish 使缩小, vanish 消失 , flourish 使繁荣,使兴旺具有三种词性的后缀

~ly 同时具有副词,名词与形容词

副词: namely, similarly, badly 严重的、恶劣的

形容词: weekly, friendly, homely, costly

名词: weekly 周刊, monthly 月刊, quarterly 季刊

第二步,读试题所在的原句,通过前后词判断空内应填入词性和语法属性,通过上下句判断时态,回到相对应的词性组选择单词,如果遇到动词则需注意时态。

方法一、如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:

① 动词:

a)前后都是名词短语,中间一般为动词(时态看前后文)。

b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词

c)一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。

② 名词:

a)名词主要做主语、宾语。

b)形容词或名词都可以修饰名词

例:The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thund erstorms.(49可能是形容词,也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms)限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)

后必有名词

d)谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语

e)介词后面必有名词

③.副词修饰形容词或动词

当一句话完整的时候,句尾的空往往是副词。

当一句话出现“主语 + ___ + 谓语”的情况时,横线处通常填副词。常见名词后缀:

-sion,-tion,

如:starvation,attraction,profession

-ity,如:quality,diversity

常见动词后缀:

-ate,如:estimate,generate

-en,如:widen,worsen

常见形容词后缀:

-able,如:stable,affordable

-tive,-sive,如:destructive,excessive ,sensitive

-ous,如:unconscious,enormous

常见副词后缀:

-ly,如:deliberately,completely,remarkably,

方法二、选词填空判断词性技巧:

判断名词

名词一般充当主语、宾语或表语。常见结构为:

结构1:冠词+_______。

结构2:形容词+_______。

结构3:及物动词+_______。名词充当动词的宾语。

结构4:介词+_______。名词充当介词的宾语。

例:Although these educators may have (及物动词) good (形容词)

_______, their advice to families is misguided, and it stems from misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition.

判断动词

动词可充当任何成分:动词一般作谓语,其分词结构和不定式结构可作主语、宾语、定语、状语或补语。常见结构为:

结构1:名词+_______+名词。空格前的名词作主语,空格后的名词作宾语,所填词充当谓语动词,且为及物动词。

结构2:名词+_______(+副词/介词)。空格前的名词作主语,所填词充当谓语动词,且为不及物动词。

结构3:have/has/had/be+_______。空格处为动词的分词形式,与

have/has/had构成完成时态;与be构成进行时态或被动语态。

结构4:(连词+)_______+其它非主要成分,+一个结构完整的句子。空格处很可能为动词过去分词或现在分词作状语。过去分词表示与其逻辑主语是被动关系;现在分词表示与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

例:Since children (主语) from poor families often are (助动词)

_______ as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only is appropriate.

判断形容词

形容词一般充当定语、表语或补语。常见结构为:

结构1:(不定冠词/定冠词+)_______+名词。形容词作定语修饰名词。

结构2:be/get等系动词(+副词)+_______。形容词作表语。

结构3:make等使役动词+名词+_______。形容词作宾语补足语。

例:Teachers consider learning two languages to be (系动词) too (副词) _______ for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.

判断副词

副词一般充当状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。常见结构为:

结构1:_______+动词,或者动词+_______,句中主谓宾齐全。副词修饰动

词。

结构2:_______+形容词,或者形容词+_______,句中主谓宾齐全。副词修饰

形容词。

结构3:_______,+一个结构完整的句子。副词作状语,修饰整个句子。

例:Educators may fear that children (主语) hearing two languages

will become (系动词) _______ confused (形容词,作表语) and thus their language development will be delayed.

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2013年12月英语六级选词填空习题及答案(1) A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria FOR half a century, the (1) __________of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less. Moore's law famou observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space (2)__________ every months. The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate. Yet as (3)________ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive. On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of ntel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion. Happily hose that lack Intel's resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature, has been building tiny (4)__________, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it. A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , set out the latest example of the (5)__________. In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets, similar to those employed to store information in disk drives. The researchers took th 6)__________ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth's magnet ield thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide. Previous w has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to (7)__________ this protein in bulk. Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals. Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein. The other half were left untreated as controls. They then dipped the gold into a solutio containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated 8)__________ of iron salts. After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope. Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place he bacterial protein. In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero o bit of information, according to how it was polarised. Getting from there to a real computer memor would be a long road. For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing (9)__________. But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with. The 10)__________ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab. Grow hings does not need as much kit as making them. If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the resu might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.

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