面试范本_二幅
二副面试问题及参考答案
二副面试前主要应准备关于职责围的问题，如图海图（电子海图）、如何修正海图、地理常识、海事专业及船上图书馆的管理、制定航路计划、船上药品管理、装卸货值班、正常海上值班、垃圾处理、其他所负责的设备的维护和保养等问题。当然，也可能会问及《国际安全
管理规则》（ISM）以及《公司安全管理体系》方面的知识和问题。就目前中国船员整体状
况而言，二副职位的船员英文水平和业务水平越来越好。对于没有外派经历的二副，建议
抓紧时间补习英文，特别是专业英文。下面收集了一部分问题，可供参考。
1. Can you tell me about your education background and working experience?
(Omitted) Please refer to the same questions for the master.
2. Can you tell me about your last vessel?
(Omitted) Please refer to the answers to the same questions to the master or chief officer
.
3. What are your responsibilities as a Second Officer?
The Second Officer is the navigational officer and sometimes also medical officer on boar
d. Besides, the Second Officer shall assist the Chief Officer. His duties may include the fo
llowing: (1) Navigation watch keeping (from 1200 to 1600, and from 0000 to 0400)? (2) Ch art and navigational publication corrections? (3) Passage plan making? (4) Usually workin
g as the designated communications officer? (5) Maintenance of communication equipme
nt, instruments and spare parts on board the ship? (6) Care of all the basic navigation equ ipment and instruments, including magnetic compasses, gyrocompasses, gyro repeaters,
rime changes, depth sounders and course recorder. (7) Maintenance of inventories of th
e stationery (8)Medical duties, and other duties designated by the Master or Chie
f Officer.
(9) Some other work designated by master or Chief Officer.
二副应该能用自己的语言流利地说出自己的职责。
4. Please briefly describe the procedure of dealing with navigational warnings.
Firstly, I shall register the navigational warnings in the Register Book and record the warn
ing number in the card. Secondly, I shall select the charts that are affected by the warning
s. Then I shall use pens, scissors and glues to fix permanent notices. I shall also use pen
cils to fix tem- porary and preliminary notices. The charts are to be corrected according to
all the concerned warnings. When I correct the chart, I shall frequently consult the geogr
aphical index.
5. Can you describe the charts correction procedures?
Please refer to the same question for the Master.
Firstly, the Second Officer has to make sure that he has received the latest Notice to Mari
ner and that he has to write the notice request on time. The Master shall make emergenc
y request if the latest is not received.
Secondly, the Second Officer has to record the Notice to Mariner on the correction logs o
n time according to the chronological order.
Thirdly, when correcting the chart, he has to make sure that the last small correction has
been made on the chart.
Erasure should never be made when deleting information crossed through. Instead, serie
s of short double strokes should be used while correction fluid should not be used.
Always insert information before you delete any information.
任何海图和维护海图是二副最重要的职责之一，对于海图更新的有关程序是考官经常考到的题目，一定要好好准备。关键是如何用自己的话表述出这个复杂的过程。
6. Who should draft the passage plan on board? What are included in passage plan
? When you make the passage plan, what information do you need?
Usually, the passage plan should be prepared by the Second Officer and approved by the
Master. During passage, when an error or mistake is found about the passage plan, it sh
ould be reported to the Master first and corrected afterwards by the Second Officer. But d
uring voyage the passage plan cannot be changed without the Master s approval.
The passage plan should include such information as way points, the distance between w
ay points, courses, current, tide, weather conditions and means of communications, mea
ns of fixing position and interval and so on.
Besides, the following information and publications are necessary in making the passage
- plan: sailing directions, pilot book, port entry guidance, tide table’ｓ
local area warning, w arning from the NAVAREA areas, list of light and radio signals, Admiralty Notice to Marine
r, sea chart and catalogue of admiralty charts and other publications.
7. What is the scope the passage plan cover? If you miss one or two big or small s
cale charts for next voyage, can the ship give sea going or not?
The passage plan should cover the sailing route from berth to berth. Lack of information f
or some areas may lead to some serious accidents. The ship cannot go if one or two char
ts are not available.
8. If the signal of "three red lights vertically aligned" is found on board a ship durin
g night voyage, what do you think is wrong with the ship? If a motor ship is movin
g under the way, but not under command, what kind of signals should she use? On
what occasion do you display two black balls during the day?
The vessel is constrained by her draught. It is very hard for her to maneuver. Our vessel
should give a wide berth and take actions to keep away from her.
The motor ship should use not-under-control lights, i.e., two red lights vertically aligned d uring night time, and two black balls vertically aligned during day time.
We shall display two black balls when our vessel cannot get out the way of another.
各种信号灯的含义和英文表示也是面试中经常提到的问题。希望二副全面复习一下这方面的知识。请参阅 COLREG 1972 "NAVIGATION UGHTS" 部分。
9. Please describe how you take care of the magnetic compass.
The liquid magnetic compass should be regularly checked for air bubbles and it should al
ways be covered when it is not in use. The deviation of the compass should be checked
and observed during every watch.
10. How do you set and adjust gyrocompass?
The Second Officer should frequently check the gyrocompass' error. Actually, gyrocompa
ss accuracy should be checked at least once a day at sea and at anchor, and for each co
urse steered. During the watch, the simultaneous check should be made at least hourly. If
there is any signifi- cant deviation error, the Second Officer should report it to the Master
and record in the Compass Record Book and Deck Logbook. The electronic devices sho
uld be kept away from the compasses in a reasonable distance. The Chief Officer or othe
r designated officers should test the error in the morning and evening.
11. What are your responsibilities as the Second Officer while the vessel is in port?
My responsibilities are to keep good watch, to ensure the safety of life, the ship and the
cargo and to maintain good working orders on the vessel.
During my watch I should be aware of the draft, under keel clearance, the state of ship, th
e mooring conditions so as to avoid dangerous listing, trim or hull stress during cargo ope
ration. I should also make sure that de-ballasting causes no marine pollution. I should wa
tch and supervise the loading process and report any incident or accident to the Chief Off
icer.
12. Please tell me the difference between the great circle line(大圆航线) and rhomb line (恒向线)?
In theory, the great circle line is the shortest distance between two places, while the rhom
b line is longer than the great circle line. However, it is very hard for a vessel just to take t
he circle line or rhomb line.
13. During cargo loading, if you find cargo damages in holds, what should you do?
I should record them in writing or even photograph the damages and report the situations
to the Chief Officer immediately. The Chief Officer should report it to the tallyman and as
k them to replace the cargo, if possible. At the same time, the officer on duty should mak
e the on-the-spot record. I
f the damages are really very serious, we should report to the
Master and ask for his instructions.
14. When you usually do the chart work? When you are keeping watch, can you do
the chart work?
Whenever I receive the Notice to Mariner, I will do the correction and drawing as soon as possible.Generally, I should not do the chart work when am keeping watch. Doing chart w
ork during watch keeping can give rise to some potential danger to the maneuvering of th
e vessel.
15. What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAG) rate on board?
According to the STCW Code, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight at any ti
me when being tested.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 h
ours before their watch. Besides, when bunkering, loading and unloading, mooring and u nmooring, 4 hours before and after port all, the sailor on board cannot have any alcoholic
drinks.
16. Please tell me your duties as the medical officer.
I am responsible for maintaining the medical inventory. I should keep a good record of the
use of different medicines and make sure that the aide bags are at proper locations. I sh
ould also be careful with the medicine locker. The expired medicines should be replaced
on time. When some important medicines are out of stock, I should report to the Master a
nd make requisition for supply.
17. When do you call the Master to the bridge?
In the following situations, according to the SMS manual, I will have to call the Master to t
he bridge:
(1) When the visibility is lower than the one mentioned in the Master's standing order?
(2) Breakdown of the main engine, steering gear, gyro-compass or any other critical equi pment related to the safety of the vessel?
(3) When the ship's position and sounding are unusual or strange?
(4) When the navigational marks or sounding do not appear as expected? (5) When heav y weather is enco untered?
(6) When the ship is behaving in an unusual way? (7) When marine pollution is seen or su spected?
(8) When distress message is received or accident observed? (9) Any other situation whe
n the officers are in doubt? (10) Whenever the ship is in dan ger?
知道何时叫船长到驾驶台是非常重要的，这对船舶的安全航行非常重要，通常船长在bridge order 或 standing order 里都有详细的说明，STCW95公约关于船员值班部分也有详细的规定。
18. When RADAR and ARPAR are in use, do they relieve your duty of lockout as a
watch-keeper?
No, these apparatuses do not relieve the watch officer of his duty to maintain a proper loc
kout at all times. This is very important to the maneuvering of the vessel. Accidents often
arise because of the officers' complete dependence on the RADAR, ARPAR, GPS and ot
her equipment, especially in hazardous areas, such as the coast and port areas, low visib
ility area, restricted areas and heavy weather regions. All in all, the rules and regulation of
the COLREG 1972 must be strictly obeyed.
19. What do you know about EC and ECDB?
EC means Electronic Chart, and ECDIS means Electronic Chart and Information System.
This system uses the computer technology to provide chart details on a visual display un
it, combined with an automatic indication of ship’ｓ
position, and possibly a radar image, a
nd a navigation aide. This kind of chart needs basic computer operation skills and autom
ation knowledge.
20. Can you tell me the main contents of a typical Admiralty Notice to Mariner? Ho
w did you get the Notice to Mariner on your last vessel?
The Admiralty Notice to Mariners is a maritime publication issued by the Hydrographic Department of the United Kingdom. They include Admiralty Notices, Australian and New Zealand Notices. They are published on a weekly basis. There is also an annual summar
y version.
The Admiralty Notice to Mariner includes 6 sections. Section one, Explanatory Notes and indexes to Section two. Sections two. Admiralty Notices to Mariners-Corrections to charts . Section three, reprints of Radio Navigational Warnings. Section four, Corrections to Adm
iralty Sailing Di- rections. Section five, Corrections to Admiralty List of lights and Fog Sign
als. Section six, Corrections to Admiralty list of Radio Signals.
On my last ship, the ship owner provided us with the Notice to Mariners in every major po
rt. H they failed to give us the Notice, we' 11 send them a request for this.
21. It is very important to get rid of the outdated charts and other SMS documents
on board. Why?
It is very important to keep the latest revised charts (also some other ISM documents on board) in the deck and engine room, and keep away those out-of-dated charts because a fter a period of time, you will not be able to know what documents are the newest ones. T
he mixture of the old and new documents on board can easily give rise to some problems
for the safety of he vessel. So it is very important to do away with the obsolete document
s as soon as possible.
22. How do you maintain the clocks?
I am responsible for the vessel clocks except for those in the engine room. Before getting
underway, clocks shall be compared and synchronized, and the synchronization record s
hall be entered into the Deck Logbook.
23. Under what situations do you call the engine room when you are on duty?
(1) Whenever it is necessary to make sure that engine room and bridge clocks are synch ronized?
(2) At least one hour before starting or ending a sea passage?
(3) As soon as it appears that engine operation maneuvers may be required, with one ho
ur's notice if possible?
(4) Whenever the ship machinery operation may be affected by weather or other conditio
n changes, such as shallow water approach, concentration of marine life or seaweed, ice
in water, or change of trim or draft due to ballasting shifting?
(5) One hour before inert gas system operation is required (for ta nker)?
(6) One hour before steam is required on deck?
(7) Whenever the temperature falls to 2 degree Centigrade to prevent damage to equipm
ent?
(8) At least one hour before the standby generator is required?
(9) Whenever the cargo pumps are used?
(10) One hour prior to getting underway.
24. What should you do first after you join a vessel?
Firstly, I shall familiarize myself with the Familiarization Booklet, the Muster Lists and Em
ergency Card in my cabin. Second, I shall report to the Master and get familiar with other
officers and crew on board the vessel. Third, with accompaniment of the relieved Second
Officer, I shall have an inspection of those items he was responsible for. I shall discuss im mediately with the Master on any unsatisfactory conditions, including equipment malfunct
ions. I shall also take over all the documents the Second Officer should take care of. A go
od handover with the relieved Second Officer is the most important thing for me.
25. When do you have to change from the automatic steering to manual steering?
The steering mode should be changed from automatic to manual mode under the followin
g circumstances: (1) in any emergency situations? (2) in diminishing and restricted visibilit
y, as defined by the Master? (3) when the ship's steering in shallow water? (4) when the M aster thinks necessary.
When the steering mode is changed, the watch officers shall supervise the process.
26. If ship collision happens when you are on duty, what procedure should you foll
ow?
I should follow the emergency checklist. Firstly, I will sound the alarm for emergency? Se condly, I will inform the Master immediately?
Thirdly, I will inform the engine room and prepare engine standby?
After ship collision, all the tanks should be sounded and the ship owner, manager should
be informed of the accident. The accident report should also be sent to the all concerned
position, times, etc. shoul parties and the coast country. And all the above actions, ship’ｓ
d b
e recorded properly.
27. Before the ship sails to a new port, if you do not have one or two necessary ch
arts, what should you possibly do?
If possible, I will ask for help from the Master. If the Master cannot help, I may ask for hel
p from the vessels sailing in the same area. Anyway, I will try to solve the problem before
the vessel sails to the port.
这是一个合格的二副所应该具备的应变的能力。相信绝大多数船东都能按时提供海图，但是万一出现上述情况，二副应千方百计想办法弄到海图。
28. What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider hi decid
ing the speed of a vessel during sailing hi the sea?
The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to
be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achie
ve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship's maneuverability, wind forc
e, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximit
y of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice c
ondition and so on.
29. When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-col lision measures should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condi tion, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and s ailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?
When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starbo
ard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.
When two power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, e ach ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each oth
er at a safe distance.
When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher
speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.
A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either al
tering its course or speed up to avoid collision.
30. You are the watch officer at anchor on an 8000-ton ship which is about 400 feet long. If the weather becomes foggy and foggy, what precautions should you take?
bell rapidly for about 5 second
I would station a man forward with orders to ring the ship’ｓ
s every minutes and another man aft to sound the gong likewise. Ship's whistle or siren w
ould be ready for use in case of necessity to give warning of my position to a vessel appr oaching. The signals for this warning shall be 3 blasts in succession.
31. When should a turnover (handover) of watch be deferred or postponed?
Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postponed: (
1) K the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not a
ble to carry out his duties effectively? (2) when bridge maneuver us taking place, turnover
of watch must be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition
for the relief of the watch to take place.
32. Under what conditions should you as officer on watch change the ship's speed
?
Refer to the Questions and Reference Answers for the Chief Officer.
33. What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expec
ted?
(1) Call or notify the master? (2) Switch on the navigational lights? (3) Switch on and soun
d fog signals? (4) Switch on ARPA and Radar? (5) Shift to manual steering for maneuver? (
6) post additional lockout? (7) Inform and advise engine room for any emergency maneuv
ers.
34. What precautionary measures are to be done 12 hours before arrival at or depar
ture from any port?
I shall test the following before entering or getting underway: (1) Primary and secondary
steering gear: (2) Internal control communications and control alarm? (3) Standby and em
ergency generator? (4) storage batteries for emergency lighting. (5) Main propulsion ahea
d and astern.
35. What should you do in case of steering failure?
When there is a steering failure, I shall report to the master immediately, so that he may t
ake whatever actions are required. At the same time, provided no further incidents occur,
hoist the signals for a vessel not under command. At the same time, inform the engine ro
om and determine the time necessary for repairs, if possible, so that the necessary prepa
rations can be made on the bridge.
36. When is great circle sailing most advantageous? Please explain briefly.
The shortest distance between two meridians is the arc of the great circle contained betw
een these two points. The advantages of using the great circle sailing are most obvious in
high latitudes, where there is a large difference of longitude between the points of depart
ure and destination.
37. How do you do the chart work?
The chart work must be so detailed that the Master or relieving officer can easily and quic
last known position and from that they can determine its present pos klyfind out the ship’ｓ
ition. Detailed chart work includes course line, DR position marked with time and distance
, observed position with time and distance plus the position fixing method. Special notes li
ke when the Master should be informed and when to slow down, etc. are also needed in
some dangerous areas.
38. If a man is overboard, what actions should you take immediately?
I should throw him a lifebuoy and follow the emergency procedure. That is to say, I shoul
d sound th
e alarm, inform the Master and the engine room, make the Williamson Turn an
d keep constant lockout.
39. What is confine waters? What factor should you take into account when you m
ake passage plan in the confined waters?
Confined waters means an area of the sea where the width of the safely navigable water
way is not more than about 2 miles, such as a strait, considering the draft of the vessel a
nd water depth.
For navigation in confined waters, I shall consider the following matters in planning a pas
sage: (1) Presence/absence of special navigational rules and items to report. (2) Informat
ion on the sailing directions, coast pilot, and so on. (3) The draft of the vessel and the nav
igable area of the sea. (4)The effect of sinkage of the hull (squat) and keeping enough un
der keel clearance. (5) Tides, and a tidal current. (6) Weather conditions and counter-me asures against restricted visibility. (7) Use of navigation aids to give a sign, and setting of
Parallel Index (line for avoiding danger). (8) Passing time of danger points (daylight/night-time)? (9) The degree of congested water-traffic, crowded area with fishing boats, and co unter-measures for the above mentioned. (10) The vessel's maneuvering ability.
speed.
(11) Necessity/lack of necessity for adjustment of the vessel’ｓ
40. What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in decid
ing the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea?
The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to
be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achie
ve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship' s maneuverability, wind for
ce, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximi
ty of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice c
ondition and so on.
41. When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-col lision measures should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condi tion, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and s ailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?
When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starbo
ard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.
When two power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, e ach ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each oth
er at a safe distance.
When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher
speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.
A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either al
tering its course or speed up to avoid collision.
42. What is ISM Code? How many chapters are there in ISM Code now? What is DO
C and SMC?
ISM means International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollu
tion Prevention. It is made by the IMO.
The ISM Code (as amended) includes 16 chapters falling into two parts: implementation (
part one), and verification and certification (part two). The 16 chapters are: general, safet
y andenvironment protection policy, company responsibilities and authority, designated p
erson ( s ), master's responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development
of plans for
shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis of non-conformity, a ccidents and hazardous occurrences, maintenance of the ship and equipment, document
ation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verifications and cont
rol, certification and periodical verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of c ertificates. The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.
SMS means safety management system, and this system is made based on the 16 elem
ents of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SO-LAS74. The ship-owner or manager ca nnot get
Document of Compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited Safety Management Certificat
e (SMC) by Class designated by the flag registry country administration.
43. In case of loss of bridge control, what immediate actions do you take?
In case of the vessel fall into loss of bridge control result from trouble in the main engine, steering gear, etc. , the Officer of the Watch shall immediately take the following measure
s:
* Stopping Engine (in case trouble of steering engine)? * Alerting other vessels sailing nea rby?
(By means of lights for" not under command", whistle or VHF)? * Reporting to the Master ( Chief Engineer)? * Confirming the vessel position?
* Estimating the drifting direction and speed.
44. Can you name some publications on board the ship?
下面列举一些海事出版物，供参考。
Standard library on board (applicable for all ships) Name of the publication Published by Location
SOLAS 97 IMO Bridge MABPOL 73/78
IMO Bridge MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION
Contingency planning
IMO Bridge MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION Salvage
IMO Bridge MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION Combating oil spill IMO Bridge Load Line 196
6
IMO Bridge Load Line Supplementary to Load Line 1966
IMO Bridge COLREG1'972 Revision IMO Bridge STCW95
IMO Bridge IMO Workshop Material On Implementation of Revised STCW
Convention
IMO Bridge MARSAR MANUAL IMO Bridge GMDSS HANDBOOK
IMO Bridge Ship's Routing
IMO Bridge Ship's Routing Amendments 1992 IMO Bridge International Code of Signals I
MO Bridge Guide to Helicopter/ Ship Operation ICS Bridge Bridge Procedure Dude
ICS Bridge Peril at Sea and Salvage a Guide for Master
ICS/OCIMF Bridge Effective Mooring
OCIMF
Bridge
Name of the publication
Published by Location Mooring Equipment Guideline
OCIMF Bridge Guideline for Control of Drugs and Alcohol onboard Ship
OCIMF Bridge Ship's Captain's Medical Guide HMSO Bridge Code of safe Working Pract
ices for Merchant Seamen 1984
HMSO
Bridge SOLAS Training Manual
Bridge Flag State Rules, Regulation, Relevant Information and Circulars
Bridge
ISM and Guidelines on implantation
IMO Bridge Procedure for PSC
IMO Bridge International Life Saving Appliance Code IMO
Bridge Pollution Prevention Equipment Under MARPOL 73/78
Bridge Classification Rules, Regulations, Relevant Information and Circulars
C/E Office
Additional for Bulk carrier
Name of the publication Published by
Location International Maritime Dangerous Goods Codes (IMDGCODE)
IMO Bridge Supplement to IMDG CODE
IMO Bridge Code of Safe Practice for Solid Cargoes (BC Code)
IMO Bridge THOMAS STOWAGE
IMO
Bridge
Additional for tankers
Name of the publication Published by
Location
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)
ICS/ OCIMF
Crude Oil Washing System (COW System)
IMO Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tank
IMO
Safety in Oil Tankers Ship to Ship Transfer Operation Guide
(Petroleum)
ICS Vessel Particulars Questionnaire for Bulk Oil/ Chemical Carriers and Gas Carrier OCIMF Tanker Handbook for Deck Officer OCIMF Prevention of Oil Spillage Through Car go
Pumproom Sea Valves
ISC/OCIMF
Guidelines and Recommendations for the Safe Mooring of Ships at Single Point Mooring Bride Team Management
Bridg