英语句子成分分析

英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析

句子的划分

I. 根据结构划分:①简单句

S+V(主+谓)

S+V+P(主+谓+表)

S+V+O(主+谓+宾)

S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)

②并列句and, but, or

③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)

副词从句(状语从句)

形容词从句(定语从句)

II. 根据功能划分:陈述句

疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)祈使句

感叹句

英语句子成分分为:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、宾语补足语(complement)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)

一.陈述句(五种句型)

1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。

Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。

2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。

3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。

4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。

5.

句子成分练习:

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分,4分钟)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分,10分钟)

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C.

days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C.

go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the

library D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C.

do D. his homework

⑦ What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C.

you D. is

⑧ We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C.

send D. doctor

⑨ He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C.

in D. music

⑩ Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B. did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

A B C D

② People all over the world speak English.

A B C

D

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

④How many new words did you learn last class?

A B C D

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

A B C D

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

A B C D

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

A B C D

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

A B C D

⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

A B C D

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

①The old man was feeling very tired.

A B C D

②Why is he worried about Jim?

A B C D

③The leaves have turned yellow.

A B C D

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

A B C D

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

A B C D

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.

A B C D

②What is your given name?

A B C D

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

A B C D

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

A B C D

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

A B C D

⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

A B C

D

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分,6分钟)

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

A B

C D

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

A B C D

④They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C D

⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

A B C D

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

A B C D

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

①There was a big smile on her face.

A B C D

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

A B C D

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

A B C D

④The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.

A B C D

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

A B C D

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

A B C D

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

A B C D

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

A B C D

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

练习:1、分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。

Time flies by.

I’m on a diet.

I own you one.

It slipped my mind.

Old habits die hard.

I enjoy your company.

I can’t stand the heat.

Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.

He speaks English well.

Teachers will make your English better.

They found the dead boy.

They found the boy dead.

I found the book easily.

I found the book easy.

Tom found Jim an apartment.

We found John a loyal friend.’

I will find you a good teacher.

She will make him a good wife.

She will make him a good husband.

英语五大基本句型及练习

英语五大基本句型及练习

基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。

e.g. The rain stopped .

The old man walks in the park .

句型一的扩展:

1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)

2.There +不及物动词+主语

e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .

There comes the bus .

3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式

e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)

特别提醒

动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,

表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。

e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

1. 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________

2. 她再次向我道歉。 _______________________________________

3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________

4、在老师的帮助下,我的成绩提高了。

6、会议将持续两个小时。

5. 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语这个名词和前面的

动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常

见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead live die sleep dream breathe smile laugh

fight run sing等。例如

4. Under the leadership of the Party the peasants lead a happy life.

5. I dreamed a terrible dream last night.

6. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.

7. He died a glorious death.

系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫

主语补语。

e.g. My sister is a nurse .

I feel quite hungry .

The ball is under the desk .

I. 常用作连系动词:

①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同

turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它.

口诀解读:

Dreams come true. 梦想成真。

It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊

了。

I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。

Still water runs deep.静水深流。

The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了,花开了。

Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些,其主语既可以

是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。

总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人

交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。

系词be它有三,am is are ,

我(I)用am,you(你)用are,

is 用于他她它;

单数is,复数are,

认真做题不出差。

(否句be后not加,疑问句,be句首,句尾?不要丢。)

②保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.

③看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem.

④感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.

翻译练习:

1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。

2. 冬季白天短,夜晚长。

3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。

4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5. 孩子们,请保持安静。

6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。

7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

8. 他失业了。

9. 树叶已经变黄了。

10. 这个报告听起来很有意思。

及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。

e.g. We are learning English .

Do you know him ?

Your radio needs repairing .

She hopes to see her uncle.

此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:

1.及物动词+副词,

2.不及物动词+介词。

1. 昨晚我写了一封信。

2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3. 这本书他读过多次了。

4. 他们成功地完成了计划。

5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

7. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

8. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

9. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

10. 他不知道说什麽好。

11. 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。

12. 我开窗户你在意吗?

1. 我不信任那个人。

2. 他指出了我的作文中的错误。

3. 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。

4. 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。

5. 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。

6. 他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。

7. 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。

8. 你在工作中可依靠他。

9. 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。

10. 写完作文后,我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。

11. 脱掉你的外套,走前再穿。

12. 人们会把她找出来的。

13. 我们必须派人去请医生

有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.

Give me the book, please.

II. 代双宾语的动词

````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。

带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好

1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动

词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”

如:He lent some money to me.

类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边

加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。

如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。

3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后

如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西

Give it to me。把它给我

4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.

I asked John. 我问约翰

I asked a question. 我问了一个问题

I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题

5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能

进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。

Could you explain your point of view to us?

=Could you explain to us your point of view?

6、易错的动词

抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误)

正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.

类似的还有:cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病

rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西)

supply sb with sth 供给某人某物

provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物

accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事

cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物

inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事

remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事

warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况

charge sb with sth 指责某人某事

7. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .

a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .

b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.

1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?

5. 他把车票给列车员看。

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?

10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?

The news made us sad.

She saw the thief steal into the shop .

The teacher asked me to answer the question .

I found the man stealing the money .

I found my money stolen .

1) S + VT + N/Pron + N

We named our baby Tom.

常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj

He painted the wall white.

常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。

3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase

She always keeps everything in good order.

4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive

I wish you to stay.

I made him work

常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。

5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)

I heard my name called.

I feel something moving.

常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive

He show me how to do it.

常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause

He told me that the film was great.

常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause

He asked me what he should do.

常用于这句型的动词有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。

B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,

则要带”to”.

e.g. We hear her sing next door.

She is heard to sing next door .

C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。

e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.

He was seen to steal the old man’s money .

1. 我们叫她Alice.

2. 他的父母给他取名为John.

3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

4. 他们把门推开了。

5. 他们把小偷释放了。

6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7. 他请我们参加做游戏。

8. 我要你把真相告诉我。

9. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。

10. 明天我要找人来修理机器。

11. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

13. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。

14. 他每个月理一次发。

15. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

16. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了

英语五大基本句型练习

1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.

a. wait

b. to wait

c. waiting

d. waited

2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.

a. run

b. ran d. to

run d. running

3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.

a. do

b. done

c. did

d. doing

4. She felt somebody ___her.

a. touched

b. touches

c. touch

d. to touch

5. She taught him _____speak English.

a. how

b. how could he

c. how he could

d. how to

6.He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____.

a. was boring

b. bored

c. was bored

d. boring

7.I will make your dream ____.

a. comes true

b. to come true

c. coming truly

d. come true

8.He warned ____home .

a. us to not go

b. us not to go

c. we not go

d. us not go

9. Canned food does not go ____.

a. bed easily

b. badly easy

c. bad easy

d. badly easily

10.The sad news kept her ___all the night.

a. awake

b. waken

c. wake

d. to wake

11.I think ____a bad habit to get up late .

a. that

b. it

c. this

d. its

12.He found his money _____.

a. steal

b. stealing

c. stolen

d. to steal

13.Roses in bloom smell ____.

a. sweetly

b. sweet

c. sweeten

d. sweetness

14.We must have the machine ____.

a. to repair

b. repairing

c. repair

d. repaired

15.She was lying in the sofa ____a book.

a. reading

b. read

c. to read

d. to reading

16.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.

a. inform

b. to inform

c.

informed d. informing

17.The speaker found himself ____all alone.

a. left

b. leave

c. leaving

d. to leave

18.The speaker found himself ____.

a. misunderstand

b. misunderstanding

c. misunderstood

d. to misunderstand

19.-My watch is broken.

–Why don’t you ___.

a. take a repairer your watch

b. take your watch a

repairer

c. take to a repairer it

d. take it to a repairer

20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn’t find ____the hotel.

a. how to return to

b. how you could go for

c. the way back for

d. the way back to

21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.

a. made a cake to me

b. made a cake me

c. made for me a cake

d. made me a cake

22. The teacher ____John a good student.

a. believes

b. knows

c.

suggests d. considers

23.It’s a fine day. Let’s go boating, ___?

a. will we

b. don’t we

c. won’t we

d. shall we

24.Don’t smoke in the classroom, ___?

a. will you

b. do you

c. don’t you

d. won’t you

25.He seldom has lunch at home, ____he?

a. has

b. hasn’t

c. does

d. doesn’t

26.We had to get up early, ___we?

a. didn’t

b. don’t

c. had

d. did

27.You had Tom do the job, ____you?

a. did

b. didn’t

c. had

d. hadn’t

28.Let us have another look, ____you?

a. will

b. would

c. won’t

d. wouldn’t

29.Nobody came, ___?

a. didn’t he

b. didn’t they

c. did he

d. did they

30.We ought to hand it in today, ____we?

a. oughtn’t

b. don’t

c. shouldn’t

d. won’t

31.We’d better wait for ten more minutes, ___?

a. hadn’t we

b. don’t we

c. didn’t we

d. wouldn’t we

32. I’d like a sand wich, ____?

a. would you

b. do you

c. couldn’t you

d. don’t you

33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, ___?

a. hasn’t he

b. isn’t he

c. hasn’t it

d. isn’t it

34.You and I did it together, ___?

a. didn’t I

b. didn’t you

c. did you

d. didn’t

we

35.They should have completed it earlier, ____?

a. should they

b. shouldn’t they

c. have they

d. haven’t they

36. You may take it if you want to, ___?

a. mayn’t you

b. do n’t you

c. shouldn’t

you d. won’t you

37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, ___?

a. mustn’t you

b. must you

c. haven’t you

d. have you

38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, ___?

a. did she

b. didn’t she

c. was she

d. wasn’t she

39.Tom said he was not there then, ___?

a. didn’t he

b. did he

c. wasn’t he

d. was he

40. I suppose he is honest , ___?

a. don’t I

b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he

41. I don’t think he is serious, ___?

a. don’t I

b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he

42.She’s finished the job, ____she ?

a. doesn’t

b. isn’t

c. wasn’t

d. hasn’t

43. –You aren’t a teacher, are you?

a. Yes, I am not

b. No, I am

c. No, but I was

d. Yes, I wasn’t

44.- ____is your sister?

-She is a teacher in a middle school.

a. Who

b. What

c. Which

d. Where

45.-How are your parents?

-_____.

a. They are doctors

b. They like sweet food

c. They are fine

d. They are fifty

46. -___will you get married to him. -In a month.

a. How soon

b. How long

c. How often

d. How much

47. There ____two films this week in our school.

a. is

b. have

c. have been

d. has

48. There ____a lot of news about the fire on TV last night.

a. was

b. had

c. were

d. is

49.There used to be a temple there, ____?

a. usedn’t it

b. used there

c. didn’t

it d. didn’t the re

50. There ___ a stream in front of our house.

a. lies

b. has

c. stand

d. lie

二.疑问句

1.一般疑问句

Is this seat taken?

Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.

需要用yes或no来回答。

语序一般为:助动词+主语+谓语?

Practice:

Have you been there?_______________________

Didn’t you tell him about it yesterday?_________________

2.特殊疑问句

你什么时候开始学英语?

When……

You began to study English.

? Did you begin to study English?

??when did you begin to study English?

你在想什么?

What……

Something is in your mind.

?What’s in your mind?

小结:

①用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提问。

②语序:疑问词+一般疑问句或疑问词+谓语动词。

More Practice:

What time is convenient for you?你什么时候方便?

What’s going on here?发生了什么事?/回事?

3. 选择疑问句:

Do you like tea or(do you like)coffee?

Did you speak to them, or did the manager?

Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?

1.提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。

2.不用Yes或no来回答。

3.反意疑问句

1.附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。

2.一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句

肯定。

The Embarrassed Magician.

Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):

Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?

Boy: No Daddy.

You have completed that job, haven’t you?

You have not completed that job, have you?

三.祈使句:

1.用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。

2.主语You 常省略,只以动词原形开头。

3.一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。

Stop bugging me.

Don’t judge a book by its cover.

Don’t get me wrong.

Let’s just have a rest.

Let’s hope for the best.

Let bygones be bygones

Make hay while sun shines.

四.感叹句:

1.主要由what和how来引导。

2.What 结构主要有三种

A.What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!

What a lovely boy he is!

B. What + 形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!

What foolish mistakes you have made.

What nice weather (it is)!

C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数!

3. How 结构主要有三种:

A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分

How lovely the boy is!

How fast the time flies!

B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分

How lovely a boy he is!

C. How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)

How I hate exam! 我真烦考试!

How he snores! 他鼾声如雷!

___________

英语句子成分分析及练习

英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版此讲义为leon老师辛苦成果要的是真“功夫”——句子成分的分析 谓句子的成分主要有:这一节我们专门侃侃句子成分的分析,主语、语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语,其中,主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干,定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”) 定语,即起到修饰限定作用的成分,主要是来修饰限定名词或代词的, (一只黑色的豿)a black dog )不是两只、都是定语,来修饰限定dog.,是一只(aa和 black )不是白色的、黄色的等等black三只,是黑色 ( )the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书 )上的那on the desk book介词短语在这里是作定语修饰,课桌上(本书,不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有:形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词(比的)数词。其中,形book是来作定语来修饰his 中his book 如:形容词作定语一容词、介词短语作定语最常见,而且要注意其位置,般在修饰词之前(前置定语),介词短语一般在修饰词之后(后置定语)。

在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1)是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的,一般来讲,定语是来修饰名词或代词的,状语是来修饰谓语动词的。 例如; I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然,是作定语的,因为如果是作状语的,那么就是来修饰动词like的,他在课桌上喜欢那本书,显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。 2)是状语还是宾语补足语有时区别是状语还是宾语补足语会有一定的困难,大家看下面的例子: I found a book on the desk. 大家可以试着分析分析这个句子,你会发现你把划线部分理解为句子的状语还是理解为宾语补足语都是讲的通滴,理解状语则为:我在课桌上发现了一本书。理解宾补则为:我发现一本书在桌子上。那到底是什么成分呢,要知道像这样的句子连语法学家整天都在争吵个不休,这个说是宾补,那个说是状语,所以遇到这种情况的话,就不要非的找出个结果来,不过这样的句子如果放到具体的上下文中,就只有一种理解了。 3)对于不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后带宾语的处理 在分析句子过程中,我们可能遇到这样的句子: I am looking for Jack. 上面这个句子我们把它分析为主谓合适呢,还是分析为主谓宾合适呢大家知道:look是个不及物动词,但是如果在它后面加上介词for就相当于及物动词了,所以说这个句型你可以把它看作主谓句型,也可以把它看作主谓宾句型 I am looking for Jack 状谓主 I am looking for Jack. 主谓 宾 也就是说以后在遇到类似的一个不及物动词加上介词或副词之后相当于及物动词的情况都这样处理,不过我建议大家按主谓宾来分析,这样分析更有实际价值,慢慢你就会明白的 4)对于形容词短语的处理 大家肯定会遇见这样的句子: He is angry with me 上面这个句子,一般是把它按主系表分析的 He is angry with me . 主系表 但我认为把它分析为主谓宾句型更有使用价值 He is angry with me 主谓宾 也就是说把be angry with 看作一整体作谓语,me 来作它的宾语,如果按主系

(完整版)英语句子成分分析(最完整版)

英语句子成分只是英语语法中的一小部分,而且平时的考试也不会考,试卷上不会考你什么是宾语,什么是状语,这个单词是作什么成分,但是它是学英语的基础或者说是你学习其他语法的工具(比如学定语从句、非谓语动词等等)。学会它最直接的作用是对阅读和写英语句子有帮助,有很多人单词都知道,但是,读句子的时候,就是不知道哪些单词和哪些单词是组合在一起的;写句子的时候,就是不知道该把把哪个单词放在前,哪个单词放在后。句子成分就是帮你来分析单词和单词的关系,让你能比较容易地看懂句子和写出符合英语表达的英语句子。 第一章英语句子结构的简单认识 那么,什么是句子结构呢?说白了,就是在一个句子内部,一个个单词是怎么组织在一起的,为什么有的单词放在句子前面,有的单词放在句子的后面;在一个复杂的句子中各个句子是怎么组合起来的。曾见过这样的句子:I very like English (我非常喜欢英语) I at home had supper(我在家吃的晚饭 ),上面的两个句子是常见典型错句,你能看出来他们错在哪里吗? 那么,对于英语句子结构来说,我们要掌握什么呢?首先你头脑中要有词类的概念(每一个单词都是什么词性),然后学会简单句五种基本句型及句子成分的分析,再然后就是并列句和复合句的分析。 第二章词类概念建立以及词类分析能力的培养 第一节词类分析能力的自我培养之秘笈 一个词的词性不止一个,通常有两个或两个以上(如work 可以作名词或动词,但这个词一旦放在句中,它的词性就确定了,(如: His work is good ,本句中的work 肯定是名词.) 基于以上原因,词类概念的建立以及词类分析能力的建立,说白了就是指:看到一个词,立刻就能反应出这个词属于哪个词类;看到句子中的单词,立刻就能确定出这个词的词性,这是一项能力,你不可能通过死记硬背学会的. 为什么需要你知道一个个单词属于哪个词类,知道这些有什么用呢? 要知道,理解掌握词类是理解句子结构及成分的基础,大脑中没有词类的概念,一切都无从谈起,,想想看,它是何等的重要. 怎么才能建立词类概念以及具备词类分析能力呢? 三“活”就是通过分析的方法,不是通过死记来确定一个单词的词性,大体上有以下三种途径: 其一,从词类概念的本身出发去分析单词的词性(见第二节) 举个简单的例子,cake 这个词,中文意思:蛋糕,是一种食品的名称,,ok 了,不用再去背 cake 名词 cake 名词。这一方法的运用需要你把对单词中文意思的了解和对十大词类概念的理解两者结合起来才能运用自如.,只需在大脑中一闪词义,就知道其词性了,如果你连单词词义都不知,那偶就没办法了. 其二, 从单词的构词法入手来判断词性,构词法即构成单词的方法,其中一种是派生法,是通过加前后缀来构成单词的,英语中相当一部分单词是通过这种方法构成的,,一般来说,前缀是表明单词的词义,后缀表明单词的词性(词类),因此,从后缀我们大致可以判断出单词的词性.例如一般来讲加ly的形容词都是副词:quickly badly really completely 等等,. 其三,从句子成分来分析.实际上.学习词类和确定词类是为了分析句子成分,反过来,当我们学会句子分析后,我们还可以确定单词的词性(对一词多种词性的单词非常有用),,就是说可

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英语句子成分分析必备(超实用)

句子成分分析 一、主语 主语是放在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。【一般放在句首】 1、English is very important.(英语是很重要的) 2、A tree has fallen across the road.(一棵树倒下横在马路上) 3、Little streams feed big rivers (小河流入大江 ) 1、You’re not far wrong.(你差不多对了) 2、He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑) 3、They go to school by bus.(他们乘公共汽车去上学) 4、Most of the students come from the countryside.(大多数的学生来自农村) 1、Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (看太多的电视对你的眼睛有害的) 2、It’s no use regretting it.(后悔是没有用的) 3、Smoking is bad for you. (吸烟对你有害)

4、To see is to believe.(眼见为实/百闻不如一见) 5、It is very hard to get to sleep.(入睡很难。) 6、To find your way can be a problem.(你能否找到路可能是一个问题。) 7、It would be nice to see him again. (如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。) 1、Three is enough. (三个就够了) 2、Four from seven leaves three.(7减4还剩3) 1、Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你无论什么时候准备好都行。) 2、Because Sally wants to leaves doesn’t mean that we have to.(不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。) 1、“How do you do ?”is a greeting.(“你好”是一句问候语。) 二、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。常用动词或动词短语承担。

八种句子成分英语

八种句子成分英语 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。以下本人为大家精心准备了:八种英语句子成分,希望可以帮助到大家! 英语句子成分一、主语 (一)主谓宾结构: 1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格 代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般 在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! eg: The boy comes from America. He made a speech. Tow and tow is four. To be a teacher is my dream. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. 2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化 的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有 宾语,形成主谓结构,eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town. 注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等) 3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成 一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,

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英语句子成分 主语 主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 ■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 ■动名词作主语It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 ■主语从句What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。 All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。 My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 The fact is that she never knew the secret. 宾语 宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如: I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。 I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗? He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。 They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。 We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。 We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。 定语 定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。 His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep w ell. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。 I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。

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They respect one another.他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there?你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday.他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988.他于1988年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher.他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。 3.英语句子成分讲座·表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five.她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

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及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好;sound nice/听起来不错;feel good/感觉好;smell bad/难闻; get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。 S│V(是系动词)│ P

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They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■作谓语 He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于____年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 3.表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、、动词、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

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英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版 此讲义为leon老师辛苦成果 要的是真“功夫”——句子成分的分析 这一节我们专门侃侃句子成分的分析,句子的成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语,其中,主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干,定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”) 的, (一只黑色的豿) a和 black 都是定语,来修饰限定dog.,是一只(a)不是两只、三只,是黑色(black)不是白色的、黄色的等等 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book,课桌上(on the desk)上的那本书,不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 经常作定语的有哪些呢?主要有:形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词(比如:his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的)数词。其中,形

容词、介词短语作定语最常见,而且要注意其位置,形容词作定语一 般在修饰词之前(前置定语),介词短语一般在修饰词之后(后置定 语)。 在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1)是状语还是定语?区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的,一般来讲,定语是来修饰名词或代词的,状语是来修饰谓语动词的。 例如; I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分是作定语的还是作状语的呢?显然,是作定语的,因为如果是作状语的,那么就是来修饰动词like的,他在课桌上喜欢那本书,显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。 2)是状语还是宾语补足语?有时区别是状语还是宾语补足语会有一定的困难,大家看下面的例子: I found a book on the desk. 大家可以试着分析分析这个句子,你会发现你把划线部分理解为句子的状语还是理解为宾语补足语都是讲的通滴,理解状语则为:我在课桌上发现了一本书。理解宾补则为:我发现一本书在桌子上。那到底是什么成分呢,要知道像这样的句子连语法学家整天都在争吵个不休,这个说是宾补,那个说是状语,所以遇到这种情况的话,就不要非的找出个结果来,不过这样的句子如果放到具体的上下文中,就只有一种理解了。 3)对于不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后带宾语的处理 在分析句子过程中,我们可能遇到这样的句子: I am looking for Jack. 上面这个句子我们把它分析为主谓合适呢,还是分析为主谓宾合适呢?大家知道:look是个不及物动词,但是如果在它后面加上介词for就相当于及物动词了,所以说这个句型你可以把它看作主谓句型,也可以把它看作主谓宾句型 I am looking for Jack 主谓状

划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习(适合初中、高中各年级)

划分句子成分经典练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分,在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 2)The old man was feeling very tired. 3)His job is to train swimmers. 4)Where he was buried remained unknown. 5)What he said proved true. 6)We must keep quiet. 7)The shop stayed open until eleven. 8)She appeared younger than she really was. 9)His face went red. 10)He fell ill last week. 11)The cake I ate yesterday tastes delicious. 从上面我们可以看出,常见的系动词有,___、___、___、___、___、 ___、____、____等,它们下面一般跟____词作表语。 练习2.分析下列句子成分,在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译,体会it的替代性用法。 1)It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.2)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 3)It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4)The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

英语句子成分分析

英语句子成分分析 Revised as of 23 November 2020

英语句子成分讲座· 1.主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、或动词(短语) 来充当。、动词作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。 ■作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 ■动词(短语)作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 2.谓语 谓语必须由动词充当,但动词、、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为和。 ■作谓语

We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。 They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 ■作谓语 He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 3.表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、、动词、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。

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