选修7Module1知识点

选修7Module1知识点
选修7Module1知识点

选修7Module1知识点

1.forward n.& adj.

1)n.前锋He plays as a forward in our team.

He has the gift to play as a forward.

2)adj.未来的;将来的

He made a forward movement.

A little forward planning at the outset can save you a lot of expense. upwards adv.向上downwards adv.向下

onwards adv.向前leftwards adv.向左

sidewards adv.向一边afterwards adv.向后

coastwards adv.朝海岸

look forward to期盼,盼望backward (s) and forward (s)来回;前后

2.defend vt.防卫;保卫

When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.

You should defend your children from harm.

defend from/ against 保护以免受defend oneself 自卫,自我辩护defence n.防卫;防御defensive adj.防御性的;防卫性的3.guard n.&v.

1)n.(球赛的)后卫He works as a guard in the team.

2)n.警戒;守望The soldier is on guard.

The soldier was ordered to keep guard.

3)v.保护;保卫We should do everything to guard diseases.

You should be guarded in what you say.

keep guard 站岗,放哨

keep sb. under close guard把某人置于严密监视下

be on/ off one’s guard警惕/疏忽警惕

4.referee n.(体育)裁判

The referee sent him off the field for breaking and the rules of the game.

forward n.前锋centre n.中锋guard n.后卫

coach n.教练scorer n.(得分)运动员commentator n.解说员

5.association n.联合;结交;结合

association with…与……有联系

in association with 与……联合;与……结交

I benefited much from my association with him.

There was a concert sponsored by the school in association with several local business. associate vt.联合;结合vi.交往;结交

6.talented adj.有才能的;有才干的;有天赋的

He is a talented musician.

They are all attracted by his talented design.

have a talent for= have a gift for有……的天赋

a talented actor= a gifted actor一位有天赋的演员

talent n.天才;才能;才干

7.turn link-v. (使)变成;成为

He turned professional writer after graduation from university.

turn traitor to (= turn against)背叛

8.professional n.&adj.

1)n.职业教练;职业选手

These professionals earn a lot from the games.

2)adj.专门的;职业的

This work needs professional skills.

These professional men had special training.

profession n.职业professor n.教授

9.valued adj.有价值的;重要的

He is said to be the most valued player.

value vt.&n.

1)vt.估……的价值;定……的价

He valued the ring at $80.

He valued the house for me at 2,000 pounds.

Do you value her as a secretary?

Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.

2)n.有用性;重要性;价值

What is the value of your house?

Your help has been of great value.

of great value= very valuable非常有价值

valueless adj.无价值的;无用的valuable adj.有价值的

This is a valued gift though it is hardly valuable.

10.in the history of…在……的历史上

in history 历史上have a history of有的历史

with a long history有悠久的历史

in the presence of在……出场的情况下

in the absence of由于缺乏……

in the possession of为……所有

in the interest of为了……的利益

11.grow up长大成人;形成;兴起

What do you want to be when you grow up?

Trading settlements grew up along the river.

grow into长成;长大为grow out of生产于;抛弃(恶习)

growing adj.生长的growth n.生长grown-up n.成年人

12.attend v.参加;出席;照料;关心

All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.

Danger attended everything he did.

The patients are well attended in the hospital.

He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody to attend to him. attend a meeting 出席会议attend church做礼拜

attend school上学

13.average n.&adj.

1)n.平均数The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7.3.

2)adj.平常的What is the average rainfall for July?

on (an/ the) average平均而言above/ below the average 在平均水平之上/下

14.movitation n.动机;动力

If you have the motivation of study, you can overcome any difficulty.

To make money is the motivation of their work.

movitate vt.成为……的动机motive n.动机,原因,目的adj.发动的;导致运动的15.fantastic adj.

1)太棒了Do you think the Internet is fantastic?

2)幻想的,奇异的My daughter likes to describe her fantastic dreams to me.

16.rescue vt. &n.

1)vt.营救,救出,拯救

rescue sb./ sth. from把从中救出来

She was rescued from a burning builidng.

2)n.拯救,营救

Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.

come to the rescue救援

17.court n.

1)球场He won after only 52 minutes on court.

2)法庭,法院The criminal didn’t appear in court.

18.awesome adj.引起敬畏的,令人敬畏的;令人惊叹的

His awesome looks make nobody dare to speak to him.

His achievements are awesome.

awe n.敬畏awe-inspiring adj.令人惊叹的

awe-stricken adj.害怕的awful adj.可怕的

quarrelsome adj.爱吵架的troublesome adj.令人烦恼的;讨厌的

venturesome adj.好冒险的laboursome adj.费力的

19.various adj.各种各样的,不同的

Bricks and dishes are made from various kinds of clay.

The city is noted for its various bridge.

20.entire adj.全部的,整个的;完全的

The entire city turned out for the celebration.

I was in entire ignorance of the matter.

entirely adv.全部地;完全地;彻底地

21.at one point在某个时刻(其中point指“时刻,瞬间”)

At one point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed.

on the poing of doing sth.正要做某事beside the point离题的,不相关的

off the point不切题

22.immediate adj.立刻的;即刻的

We must take immediate action to protect our enviroment.

This work demands your immediate attention.

Her arrest produced an immediate reaction from the press.

23.success n.成功的人或事

The play was an overnight success.

He was a success as our coach.

a great/ huge/big success极大成功

make a success of sth.某事取得成功

24.amazing adj.令人惊异的

What an amazing film it is!

She has an amazing talent in music.

25.hold v.

1)获得,赢得

Who holds the world record for the long jump?

2)拿,抱,握住

She held me by the sleeve.

3)举行,进行

The talks between the two countries were held in Beijing yesterday.

get hold of= take hold of= catch hold of抓住

hold one’s breath摒住呼吸hold on to克制,控制

26.dobut n.&v.

1)n.怀疑,不确定

There is no doubt about it.

I have no doubt of his ability.

2)v.怀疑,不确定

I don’t doubt that…

I doubt whether…

Do you doubt that…

I doubt his words.

I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.

I doubt whether they can swim across the river.

in doubt怀疑;拿不定主意no/without/ beyond doubt无疑地;必定;当然make no doubt of对……毫不怀疑

throw/ cast doubt on sth.对某事心存疑虑

27.deserve v.应该得到;值得(后可接动词不定式)

Good work deserves good pay.

These people deserve our help.

He certainly deserves to be sent to prison.

deserve well/ ill of…应该受到……之忧/虐待

be deserving of有功的;应得的

28.outstanding adj.

1)杰出的;显著的

The outstanding features of the landscape attracted more people to come here.

The girl who won the schlarship was quite outstanding.

2)突出的;伸出的

He is a boy with big, outstanding ears.

noticeable, remarkable显著的,引人注目的

29.selfish adj.自私的;自利的;不顾他人的

What he did shows that he is a selfish man.

You shouldn’t act from selfish motives.

shellfish n.贝类动物selfishly adv.自私地unselfish adj.无私的

selfishness n.自私selfless adj.无私的

30.all the time一直

Don’t be afraid, and do as you want. We will support you all the time. The little boy has been crying all the time since his mother left.

behind time迟到in no time 立即;马上

at the same time同时at times偶尔,有时

at one time曾经;一度behind the times落伍;过时

in/out of time合、不合节拍for the first time第一次

at a time一次;同时have a good/ bad time玩得愉快/不愉快kill time消磨时间,浪费时间

31.nature n.天性,本质

She has a gentle nature.

Habit is (a) second nature.

by nature生来,生性in nature 本质上;事实上

against nature违背自然;不合理的human nature人性

(be) ture to nature逼真,栩栩如生

32.in on e’s nature某人的本性

He wouldn’t lie. It’s not in his nature.

33.instant adj.立刻的;紧急的,紧迫的

I felt instant relief after the treatment.

The injured were in instant need of help.

instance n.例子;案例instantly adv.立即;即刻

34.hit n.热门人物;风行一时的事物

She becomes a big hit in our school.

The record was a big hit and sold a million copies.

35.nationwide adj.&adv.遍及全国的,全国性的,在全国

The nationwide selection of actors drew many people’s attention.

The news spreads quickly nationwide.

nation n.民族;国家national adj.国家的;民族的

native adj.本族的;本国的nationality n.国籍

36.if necessary 如果有必要的话

The emergency services are ready to help if necessary.

iIf possible 如果有可能的话if any如果有的话

if not如果不的话if so如果这样的话

37.be rude to对……粗鲁;对……无礼

be rude to do sth.做某事没有礼貌(无礼)

As a student, you shouldn’t be rude to others.

It’s rude to snatch.

It’s rude for sb. to do sth.

=It’s impolite for sb. to do sth.

=It’s bad manners for sb. to do sth.某人做某事是粗鲁的

It’s good manner for sb. to do sth.=It’s polite for sb. to do sth.

38.dominate v.统治;支配;控制

A great man can dominate others by force of character.

Mountains dominate the city’s landscapes.

dominate adj.有统治权的;有支配力的

domination n.统治;支配;控制

39.be used to习惯于(某事物),其中to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词

Mr White has been used to Chinese dishes.

He will soon be used to getting up early.

40.risk n.&vt.

1)n.冒险,风险

Whatever you do, don’t take unnecessary risks.

run/take a risk/ risks冒险run/take the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事at risk处境危险;遭受危险at the risk of…冒……险;不顾……之风险2)vt.使……冒风险;冒……的危险;冒险做

He who risks nothing gains nothing.

41.parallel adj.平行的,并列的

The road and the canal are parallel to each other.

The plane flew parallel to the coast.

42.adequate adj.足够的;充足的;合格的;合乎需要的

The money is adequate for the trip.

He didn’t give an adequate answer to the question.

be adequate for sth.足够某事(物)

be adequate to ( do) sth.胜任(做)某事

43.absorb vt.

1)吸收The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge that his teachers chould give him.

2)使全身贯注;使专心

be absorbed in全神贯注于……,热衷于……

absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力

I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call.

The TV play totally absorbed the children’s attention.

absorbing adj.非常吸引人的

44.bound v.& adj.

1)v.跳;弹回;跳着跑

The ball struck the wall and bounded back to me.

2)adj.准备起程前往;在赴……途中

be bound to肯定会’

feel bound to do 理应做

bound for …在赴……途中

Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.

He felt bound to tell them the truth.

This ship is bound for Finland.

45.abrupt adj.

1)突然的,意外的

The road is full of abrupt turns.

2)粗鲁的;不连贯的

He is a man with an abrupt manner.

abruptly adv.突然地,意外地

46.accelerate v.加快……的速度,催促

The train accelerated gradually and at last disappeared.

The speed should be accelerated.

47.play sb.与某人比赛

She’s playing Helen Evans in the semi-final.

play a ball击球,打球play the game办事公道

48.interval n.间歇,间隔

There was a long interval before he answered the telephone.

He comes back to see us at regualr intervals.

at intervals不时,每隔一段时间;每隔一定距离

at intervals of 10 days 每隔10天

at intervals of 10 inches 每隔10英寸

at regualar intervals每隔一段时间,每隔一定距离

at short intervals常常

49.appoint v.

1)选派,任命

They appointed White manager.

2)决定,指定

The time appointed for the meeting was 8:30 p.m.

We must appoint a time to meet again.

appointment n.约定;任用;约会;职位

appoint… for sth.为某事定下(时间、日期等)

appoint sb.任命某人;委派某人;选派某人

fix/ make an appointment with与……约会

50.typical adj.代表性的,典型的

This is a typical instance.

He waved his hand as a typical sign.

typically adv.典型地;具代表性地type n.典型;代表

51.anyhow adv.无论如何,不管怎样

It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.

anyhow=anyway无论如何,不管怎样

in any case= at any rate无论如何,不管怎样

52.aside adv.在旁边

So set aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes.

beside prep.在旁边adv.在旁边

besides prep.除……外(尚有)

aside from 1)除……外(尚有)2)除……外(别无)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f9647219.html,mit v.

1)犯罪(错)He committed murder and was sentenced to death.

2)交托;交付;移交She has been committed to a mental hospital.

commit a crime犯罪commit suiside自杀

commit to把……交付/交托给commit oneself to承诺;使自己负有责任;专心致志于commitment n.承诺,投入,花费

54.foul n.& adj.

1)n.犯规It was a clear foul by Ford on the goalkeeper.

2)adj.令人厌恶的;有恶臭的;污秽的

This is a medicine with a foul taste.

foul spoken 言语粗鄙的foul play犯规动作

55.take possession of占有;占据

The policeman took possession of the thief’s bag.

come into possession of sth.占有某物

come into the possession of sb. (某物)为某人所占有(持有)

in possession of sth.占有某物

in the possession of sth. (某物)为某人所占有(持有)

come into one’s possession / in one’s possession被某人占有,落入某人手中After her father’s death, she came into possession of a vast fortune.

Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match.

56.lie still静静地躺着

The patient lay still in the hospital, waiting for Death’s coming.

stand still静静地站着sit still静静地坐着

keep still保持静止Still waters run deep. 静水流深

57.confirm vt.

1)证实,证明,确认confirm that证实,确定……

confirm sb. in sth.使某人证实某事

Research has confirmed that the risk confirmed me in my suspicious.

2)批准;认可

She was confirmed to be a Party member when she was 25.

58.dizzy adj.眩晕的,头晕眩目的

Greg felt sick and dizzy in the hot sun.

dizzy height 令人眩目的高度dizzy peak令人眩晕的顶峰59.bandage n.绷带

The wounded solider wore a bandage round his right leg.

60.considerate adj.考虑周到的;为他人着想的;体贴的;体谅的

It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was sleeping.

He is a considerate person.

consider vt.考虑;认为consideration n.考虑

considering prep.鉴于;就……而论

61.apologise vt.道歉

apologise to sb. for ( doing) sth.道歉

offer/ make an /one’s apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉You must apologise to your elder sister for being so rude.

He made an apology to the teacher for being late.

62.in pain在痛苦中

She was in great pain.

Take these tablets if you’re in pain.

63.in frustration 失望,沮丧

He watched in frustration as his team lost again.

He ground his teeth in frustration.

64.pick up

1)拾起,捡起Tom picked up the book on the floor.

2)得到,获得,学会(语言)

I picked up English when I was in the USA.

3)测知,探出,看到,收听到

We can pick up several programmes.

4)(车辆中途)载客;搭人

The bus stopped to pick up passengers.

5)随便结识(某人)

Lucy is a girl he picked up on the street.

6)恢复(健康、体力)

You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside.

7)逮住(犯罪等)

The escaped prisoner was picked up by the police.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f9647219.html, after以……命名

Tasmania was named after its discover, A. J. Tasman.

name sb. as for任命某人为……

by the name of 称做,叫做

under the name of…用……的名字

in the name of…以……的名义,以……为借口,以……为权威

to one’s name属于某人自己所有

66.invent v.

1)发明,创造Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

2)虚构The whole story was invented.

Invention n.发明,发明物inventor n.发明人,发明家

67.provide v.供应

provide sth. for sb.向某人提供某物

provide sb. with sth.把某物提供给某人

provided +that( 从句)假使,倘若

You should not provide the students with old books.

My teacher provided a new book for me.

Provided there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.把某物提供给某人

offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物

68.attach v.固定,系,绑

attach sth. to 把某物系、固定在……

be attached to固定在……

Attach a recent photograph to your application form.

The web was only attached to the leaf by one thread.

attach importance to重视attach significance to认为……重要

be attached to喜欢,依恋

69.throw v.&n.

1)v.扔;投He threw the ball 100 meters.

2)n.投,扔,抛

He lost 5 dollars on a throw of dice.

70.basis n.基础,根据

on the basis of在……的基础上

His theory has a solid basis.

Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.

71.similar adj.相似的,近似的

be similar to与……相似

My opinion on the matter is similar to yours.

similar adj. similarity n.相似性

familiar adj. familiarity n.熟悉,认识

72.original adj.&n.

1)adj.最初的The original owner of this pair of bracelets was her great grandmother.

2)adj.首创的;原作的;非复制的

I have bought the original edition of the novel.

3)n.[C]原件,原文

Send out the photocopies and keep the original.

(完整版)高中生物选修一知识点填空含答案解析,推荐文档

专题一传统发酵技术的应用1.果酒制作的原理课题 1 果酒和果醋的制作 酵装置要清洗干净;每次排气时只需拧松瓶盖、不要完全揭开瓶盖等。 3.制作葡萄酒时,为什么要将温度控制在 18~250C?制作葡萄醋时,为什么要将温度控制在 30~350C? (1)人类利用微生物发酵制作果酒,该过程用到的微生物是, 它的代谢类型是,与异化作用有关的方程式有 。 生活状态:进行发酵,产生大量。 (2)果酒制作条件 传统发酵技术所使用的酵母菌的来源是。 酵母菌生长的最适温度是; PH 呈; (3)红色葡萄酒呈现颜色的原因是:酒精发酵过程中,随着的提高,红色葡萄皮的进入发酵液,使葡萄酒呈色。 (4)在、的发酵液中,酵母菌可以生长繁殖,而绝大多数其它微生物都因无法适应这一环境而受到抑制。 2.果醋的制作原理 (1)果醋发酵菌种是,新陈代谢类型。 (2)当氧气和糖源充足时醋酸菌将糖分解成,当糖源不足时醋酸菌将变为再变成醋酸,其反应式。 3.操作过程应注意的问题 (1)为防止发酵液被污染,发酵瓶要用消毒。 (2)葡萄汁装入发酵瓶时,要留出大约的空间。 (3)制作葡萄酒时将温度严格控制在,时间控制在 d 左右,可通过 对发酵的情况进行及时的监测。 (4)制葡萄醋的过程中,将温度严格控制在,时间控制在d,并注意适时在充气。 4.酒精的检验 (1)检验试剂:。 (2)反应条件及现象:在条件下,反应呈现。 5.制作果酒、果醋的实验流程 挑选葡萄→→→→ ↓↓ 果酒果醋 温度是酵母菌生长和发酵的重要条件。200C 左右最适合酵母菌繁殖,因此需要将温度控制在其 最适温度范围内。而醋酸菌是嗜温菌,最适生长温度为 30~350C,因此要将温度控制在 30~350C。4.制葡萄醋时,为什么要适时通过充气口充气? 醋酸菌是好氧菌,再将酒精变成醋酸时需要养的参与,因此要适时向发酵液中充气。 P4: A 同学:每次排气时只需拧松瓶盖,不要完全揭开瓶盖;制醋时,再将瓶盖打开,盖上一层纱布,进行葡萄醋的发酵。 来防止发酵液被污染,因为操作的每一步都可能混入杂菌 B 同学:分析果酒和果醋的发酵装置中充气口、排气口和出料口分别有哪些作用。为什么排气口要通过 一个长而弯曲的胶管与瓶身连接? 充气口:是在醋酸发酵时连接充气泵进行充气用的; 排气口:是在酒精发酵时用来排出二氧化碳的; 出料口:是用来取样的。 排气口要通过一个长而弯曲的胶管与瓶身连接,其目的是防止空气中微生物的污染。使用该装置制酒时,应该关闭充气口;制醋时,应将充气口连接气泵,输入氧气。 课题 2 腐乳的制作 1.制作原理 (1).经过微生物的发酵,豆腐中的蛋白质被分解成小分子的和,脂肪被分解成和,因而更利于消化吸收。 (2).腐乳的发酵有多种微生物参与,如、、、等,其 中起主要作用的是。它是一种丝状,常见、、、 上。 (3).现代的腐乳生产是在严格的条件下,将优良菌种直接接种在豆腐上,这样可以避免其他菌种的,保证产品的质量。 2.腐乳制作的实验流程: 让豆腐长出→→→密封腌制。 3.实验注意事项 (1)在豆腐上长出毛霉时,温度控制在,自然条件下毛霉的菌种来自空气中的 。 P4 旁栏思考题 1.你认为应该先洗葡萄还是先除去枝梗,为什么? 应该先冲洗葡萄,然后再除去枝梗,以避免除去枝梗时引起葡萄破损,增加被杂菌污染的机会。 2.你认为应该从哪些方面防止发酵液被污染? 需要从发酵制作的过程进行全面的考虑,因为操作的每一步都可能混入杂菌。例如:榨汁机、发 (2)将长满毛霉的豆腐块分层加盐,加盐量要随着摆放层数的加高而,近瓶口的表层要。加盐的目的是使豆腐块失水,利于,同时也能 的生长。盐的浓度过低,;盐的浓度过高, 。 (3)卤汤中酒精的含量应控制在左右,它能微生物的生长,同时也与豆腐乳独特的形成有关。酒精含量过高,;酒精含量过低,

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3.(注意) 4.(注意) 二、高压蒸汽灭菌操作方法1. 2.(注意*2) 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 19 空白培养基: 课题延伸 菌种保藏:(1)(方法、弊端)(2)

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对能分解尿素的细菌进行了初步筛选(分离纯化第一步): 对分离的菌种作进一步鉴定: 课题3分解纤维素的微生物的分离 课题背景 利用秸秆等废物生产酒精,用纤维素酶处理服装面料 为确定得到的是纤维素分解菌,还需要进行的实验,纤维素酶的发酵方法有和两种。 纤维素酶的测定方法,一般是采用。附录 培养基

专题6植物有效成分的提取 课题1植物芳香油的提取 基础知识 (一)植物芳香油的来源 天然香料的主要来源是和,前者主要来源于等,后者 大约需要玫瑰花瓣才能提取出纯正的玫瑰精油。本实验只是对玫瑰精油进行,其中的质量比为。 流程: 玫瑰精油的,,,。如果使用水蒸气蒸馏法,更简便易行。可以使用有机溶剂萃取吗?。使用萃取的方法有哪些

优点和不足? 锅盖内表面出现A,当锅盖冷却后,这些A会。A是而形成的,冷凝后,。水蒸气蒸馏植物芳香油应用了同样的原理。 水蒸气蒸馏后,锥形瓶中将收集到,这是。下一步,我们希望能。这时,只需,,就会。

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高中生物选修1知识点

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