英语复合结构

一、英语复合结构

1、概述

??英语复合结构是一种特殊的句子成分，它由两部分组成：第一部分是名词或代词，第二部分表示动作或者状态。从逻辑上看，两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，很像句子的主语和谓语，但从结构上看却与句子中的主谓关系不同，区别在于复合结构的第二部分不是谓语形式，而是由动词的非谓语形式及其他词类或介词短语、从句组成的短语。

英语复合结构包括：动名词复合结构、分词复合结构和不定式复合结构。

2、动名词复合结构

(1)?结构形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；②名词's＋动名词；③代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。

? (2)?功能

★?作主语

? ?His/He coming home late worries his other.

? ?John s /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

★?作动词或短语动词的宾语

? ? I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.??

? ? Her parents insisted on her studying medicine.?她父母坚持要她学医。

★?作介词宾语

?? I don’t like the idea of our living here.?我不愿意我们住在这里。

? ?I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。

? ?He left the city without our knowing it?他离开城市我们大家都不知道。.

?★?作表语

?? What is most important is Tom’s going there at once.

?? The main trouble is their not having enough money.?

? ?His being late again made the teacher angry.?（他迟到）

?? Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)

?动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。

?以上两种结构中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个结构中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。

2. ?动词不定式的复合结构?( for sb to do sth )

? Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)

? The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)

?3.?独立主格结构?(主格名词或代词+补足成分)?

独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

?（一）独立主格结构的构成：

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式；

名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

?（二）独立主格结构的特点：

? 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

? 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

? 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

? The test finished, we began our holiday.

?= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

??考试结束了，我们开始放假。

?? The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

?= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

??总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

?? Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

??如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home. ?

??工作完成后，我们才回家。

?? The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

??会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

?? He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

?? He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

?他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

?注意:?

1)?独立主格结构使用介词的问题：?

??当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但?with?的复合结构不受此限制? a robber burst into the room, knife in hand.?

? ( hand前不能加his)。? ? ??

2)?当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

? he lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up

?The work finished, we stopped for a drink.? (分词)

?She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green.?（形容词）

?Sword in hand, the man came at me.?（介词短语）

?独立主格结构在句子中做状语，表原因或伴随状态。

?4.?复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）

?His speech made us laugh.?（不定式）

?When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.?（介词短语）

?I want the house painted white.?（分词）

?Don’t keep the lights on all the night.?（副词。这类副词还有：here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down 等）

?We consider him one of our best friends.?（名词）

?We found the movie wonderful.?（形容词）

?能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类：

?（1）.?感官类，如：see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel?等

?（2）.?意识类，如：believe, think, suppose, consider, wish?等

?（3）.?使动类，如：keep, leave; make, have, let?等

?除动词可以接复合宾语外，介词with也可以接复合宾语，在句子中做状语和定语。

?The farmers found some stone with writing on it.?（定语）

?With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop.?（状语）

?与动词一样，With复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种结构来充当。

英语语法With的复合结构用的较多,以下是用法:

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

?? with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

???举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

? = He stood there, with his hand raise.

??典型例题：

?? The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

? A. being tied? B. having tied? C. to be tied? D. tied?

??答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.?

英语的四大复合结构

英语的复合结构由两个部分组成：一个部分表示人或者物，另一个部分表示动作或者状态。两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者，或者，第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。例如：?

We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. （英语必不可少）?

With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud. (沿路的是石头)?

英语中有四大复合结构：?

1. 动词不定式的复合结构( for sb to do sth )?

Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)?

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)?

2. 动名词的复合结构（sb’s / sb doing sth ）?

His being late again made the teacher angry. （他迟到）?

Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)?

动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。?

以上两种结构中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个结构中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。?

3. 独立主格结构(主格名词或代词+补足成分)?

The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)?

She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. （形容词）?

Sword in hand, the man came at me. （介词短语）?

独立主格结构在句子中做状语，表原因或伴随状态。?

4. 复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）?

His speech made us laugh. （不定式）?

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. （介词短语）?

I want the house painted white. （分词）?

Don’t keep the lights on all the night. （副词。这类副词还有：here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down 等）?

We consider him one of our best friends. （名词）?

We found the movie wonderful. （形容词）?

能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类：?

（1）. 感官类，如：see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等?

（2）. 意识类，如：believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等?

（3）. 使动类，如：keep, leave......余下全文<<

SilverBow??2009-6-5

二、with复合结构

一、概述

? with结构是英语复合结构中最常用的一种，其与形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词组合构成英语复合结构，用作定语或状语成分。

二、with复合结构构成

? 复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语。复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。?

三、with复合结构作状语?

? 1.?with(without)+名词/代词+形容词：

? ?She?came?into?the?room，with?her?nose?red?because?of?cold。（伴随状语）?

? 2.?with(without)+名词/代词+副词：?

? ? With?the?meal?over?，?we?all?went?home。（时间状语）

? 3.?with(without)+名词/代词+介词短语：

? ?The?master?was?walking?up?and?down?with?the?ruler?under?his?arm。（伴随状语）

? ?The?teacher?entered?the?classroom?with?a?book?in?his?hand。（伴随状语）

? 4.?with(without)+名词/代词+动词不定式；作伴随状语。

? ?He?lay?in?the?dark?empty?house，with?not?a?man?，woman?or?child?to?say?he?was?kind?to?me.（伴随状语）? ?He?could?not?finish?it?without?me?to?help?him.（条件状语）

? 5.?with(without)+名词/代词+分词。?

? ?She?fell?asleep?with?the?light?burning.（现在分词作伴随状语）?

? ?Without?anything?left?in?the?cupboard，?shewent?out?to?get?something?to?eat.（过去分词作原因状语）

四、With复合结构作定语?

? 1. I?like?eating?the?mooncakes?with?eggs. ?（介词短语作定语）

? 2.

From?space?the?earth?looks?like?a?huge?water-covered?globe?with?a?few?patches?of?land?sticking?out?above?t he?water. ?（介词短语作定语）

?3. A?little?boy?with?two?of?his?front?teeth?missing?ran?into?the?house. （介词短语作定语）?

五、?with用法归纳?

? 1.?with结构由介词with(without)+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。

? ★With?him?taken?care?of，we?felt?quite?relieved.（原因状语，放句子前面）

? ★?She?fell?asleep?with?the?light?burning.?

? ★With?her?hair?gone，there?could?be?no?use?for?them.

2.?在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该复合结构用宾格代词。

? ★He?could?not?finish?it?without?me?to?help?him.??

3. with结构句子中的位置

? ★with?结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开。

? ★表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。

? ★with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。?

4.?with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词?、和过去分词的区别

? 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。?

?★With?the?boy?leading?the?way，we?found?he?house?easily.（小男孩已领过路）?

?★With?the?boy?to?lead?the?way，we?will?find?the?house?easily?tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）

?★He?lay?on?the?bed?with?the?bedroom?door?shut.（寝室被关着）?

5.?with结构与一般的with短语的区别

? with结构具有上述功能和特点，而"介词with+名词或代词（组）"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。?

6?with结构与独立主格结构的关系

? with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。? 独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例

如：??There?were?rows?of?white?houses?with?trees?in?front?of?them.（\"with+复合宾语\"结构，在句中作定语）? A?strong?man?working?a?whole?day?could?not?jump?this?high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）? The?boy?said，turning?to?the?man，his?eyes?opened?wide?and?his?hand?raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）?

Then?last?night，I?followed?him?here，and?climbed?in，sword?in?hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）?board，?she?went?out?to?get?something?to?eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）

小学英语四大时态测试题打

小学英语四大时态测试题一、写出下列单词的现在分词：（1分） speak ______ 2. run _______ 3. swim ______ 4. do ____ask _______ 6. begin _______ 7. dance ______ 8.eat ______9. sing ________ 10 fly _______ 11. jog ______12. come ______13. talk ____ 14. sleep ______ 15. fight _____ 16.jump ______17. get _________18. buy _______ 19. cook __________ 20.skate __________ 二、写出下列动词的过去式或动词原形。（1分） 1. go_____ 2. is_____ 3.buy_____ 4.swim_____ 5. have ______ 6. watched ________ 7. ate_____ 8. got_____ 9. lived ______10. saw ___ 11. spend _____ 12. talk ______13. do ______14. teach _______ 15. win ______ 16. like _______ 17. write _______18. cry ______ 19. study _____ 20. ask __________ 三、用单词的正确形式填空：（1分） 1.Mike _________ (do) his homework every day. 2.There __________(be) some water in the glass. 3.I like singing. I often _________(listen) to the music in the evening. 4. look! Chen Jie and Mike are ___________（sing）now. 5. The small bear is ________ (climb) the tree. 6. My father is ________ (read) a newspaper in living room.

小学英语四大时态结构讲解

一般过去时的陈述句：主语+动词过去式+宾语一般过去时的否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语主语+ was/were not +宾语一般过去时的一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+宾语？was/were +主语+宾语？ ① 示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等。 ②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的副词连用。 ③规则动词过去式的构成如下： 1）在动词原形末尾+ed: look—looked, play—played 2）结尾是e的动词+d: live—lived, hope—hoped 3）结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再+ed: stop—stopped, trip—tripped 4）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变y为i，再+ed: study —studied, carry—carried ④不规则动词要逐一记忆，可参考不规则动词表。一般过去时的特殊疑问句:：特殊疑问词+一般过去时的一般疑问句一般过去时态: （1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用―last week, just now, yesterday‖等词。（2）be 动词的过去式: am/is—wa

s are—were I/He/she/it was(not)….You/we/they were…. 一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。（3）过去式基本结构肯定句（Positive）动词过去式I went shopping last night. 否定句(N egati ve) Didn’t + 动词原形I didn’t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did …+ 动词原形…? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did…+ 动词原形…? What did yo u do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的e结尾+d liked 辅音字母加y结尾-y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+ed stop –stopped plan - planned 不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept te ach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt dri nk drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write w rote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw dre w sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew

小学英语四种时态

英语四种时态 ◆一般现在时 1.定义:1.表示目前存在的状态 2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作 3.表示客观的事实 2.标志词：频度副词：例：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week….) 例如：1. I often watch TV at home. 3.结构：当主语是第三人称单数时动词+ s, 或es）2. She always goes to school on foot 疑问形式：.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式：动词前加don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原) 例如：Do you clean your room on the weekend? Does she wash her clothes on the weekend?ea ◆现在进行时 1. 定义：表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词：1.提示语：look! Listen! now!等词 3.结构：Be动词(am, is, are ) + 动词ing 例如：1. Look, they are playing football.2. Listen ,she is singing. 3.I am reading now . ◆一般将来时 1．定义：1.表示计划或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2．标志词：1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year…) 3．结构有两种：1.be going to + 动词原形 2.will + 动词原形如：1.He is going to play football next week. 2 .He will play basketball next week. 疑问形式：be 或will 放主语前如： 1. Is he going to play football next week? 2.Will he play baskball next week? 否定式：be 或will 后加not will not = won’t 如：1. He isn’t going to play football next week? 2. He won’t play baskball next week? ◆一般过去式 1.定义：表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词：1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 3.结构：1.动词用过去时was, were ,did, played 等。例如：is/am---was are ----were 疑问形式：1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式：1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原) 该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如： 1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their r oom? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didn’t. 6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there？I went by train.

小学英语四大时态总结及练习题

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小学英语四种时态的区分及练习完整版

小学英语四种时态的区分及练习 HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】

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高考英语with复合结构写句子

The man is sleeping with the window open. The boy is smiling with a book and a pencil in his hand. The child is crying with tears streaming down his face. The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard. the “with” structure 1.The man is sleeping with the window open. 2.The boy is smiling with a book and a pencil in his hand. 3.The child is crying with tears streaming down his face. 4.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.

1.She lay in bed with her face pale. 2.She fell asleep with the light burning. 3.With the boy leading the way, we found the way. 4.The girl rushed in the room with her heart beating fast. 5.With all the things bought, they headed for home. 6.He couldn’t come to school as usual with his leg broken. 7.With prices going up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries. 8.The singer stood there, with a group of fans surrounding him. 9.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 10.He worked alone in the lab with the door locked. Functions of the “with” structure Serve as an adverbial of reason (原因状语): 3,5,6,7,9 Serve as an adverbial of concomitant (伴随状语): 1,2,4,8,10 the “with” structure 1.with + n. + adj. e.g. He was shocked with his eyes wide open. 2.with + n. + doing (主动) e.g. He sang happily with a group of people cheering. 3.with + n. + done (被动) e.g. He sat on the grass with his attention focused on his children. sentence-making Original sentence: He let out a cry of anger. Add an adverbial of reasons (原因状语): With his patience running out, he let out a cry of anger. With his plan ruined by his son, he let out a cry of anger. Add an adverbial of concomitant (伴随状语): He let out a cry of anger with his voice trembling. He let out a cry of anger with his eyes glaring at his son.

(完整版)小学英语语法_四大时态(最新整理)

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