2013高考英语总复习5-1

必修5Unit 1Great scientists

(2010·全国)假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith 女士来做评委，请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。

英语演讲比赛

主题：人与自然

时间：6月15日下午2：00～5：00

地点：501教室

参赛选手：10名学生

联系人：李华(电话：4487665)

欢迎大家光临

注意：词数100左右。

____________________________ ____________________________ ________________

____________________________ ____________________________ ________________

____________________________ ____________________________ ________________ 【满分作文】

Dear Ms.Smith，

①I'm Li Hua，Chair of the

Student Union of Yucai

Middle School，which is

close to your university.

②I'm writing to invite

you to be a judge at our

English speech contest to

be held in Room 501 in

our school on June 15.It

will start at 2：00 pm and

last for about three

hours.Ten students will

deliver their speeches on

the given topic “Man and

Nature”．③We hope that

you will accept our

invitation if it is

convenient for you.④

Please call me at

4487665 if you have any

questions.

I am looking forward to

your reply.

With best wishes.

Li Hua

【高级词汇】

which引导非限制性定语从

句

to be held将要举行的(动词

不定式的被动式作后置定语)

deliver 发表(演讲)

【佳句变换】

1．I'm Li Hua，Chair of the

Student Union of Yucai

Middle School.Our school

is not far from your

university.

2．I'd like to invite you to

be a judge at our English

speech contest which will

take place in Room 501 in

our school on June 15.

3．I would be most

grateful if you could

accept our invitation.

4．For more information，

please dial 4487665.

accept 接受(邀请)

Ⅰ.词汇链条

1．________vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败

2．________vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加

3．________vt.& n．治愈；痊愈；治疗

4．________n．挑战vt.向……挑战

5．________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

6．________vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

7．________vt.责备；谴责n．过失；责备

8．________n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵

9．________vi.& vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)

10．________vt.& vi.结束；推断出________n．结论；结束

11．________vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光________adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的

12．________vt.污染；弄脏________n．污染

13．________vt.宣布；通告________n．通知；宣告

14．________vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；投稿________n．捐献；贡献；捐助

15．________vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃________n．拒绝；抛弃

答案 1.defeat 2.attend 3.cure 4.challenge 5.absorb

6．suspect 7.blame 8.handle 9.spin 10.conclude；conclusion 11.expose；exposed 12.pollute；pollution 13.announce；announcement 14.contribute；contribution 15.reject；rejection

语境助记——词不离句，句不离段

From the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.They announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it.

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．____________提出

2．____________得出结论

3．____________使显露；暴露

4．____________将……和……联系或连接起来

5．____________除……之外；此外

6．____________讲得通；有意义

7．look into____________

8．lead to____________

9．at times____________

10．be against____________

11．(be) strict with...____________

12．be to blame____________

答案 1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose...to

4．link...to... 5.apart from 6.make sense 7.调查；研究

8．导致9.有时10.反对11.对……严格的12.应受责备

Ⅲ.经典句式

1．________its cause________its cure was understood.

人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

2．So many thousands of terrified people died________there was an outbreak.

每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。

3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she________to her house every day.

有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。

4．____________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies__________.

为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。

5．________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

答案 1.Neither；nor 2.every time 3.had it delivered 4.T o prevent this from happening again；be examined

5．Only if

Ⅳ.短文填空

Before Einstein，scientists believed that light travelled through space in a __1__line.But Einstein was able to __2__ that light coming from the stars was bent as it __3__ the sun.As a result，it __4__ to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.He worked out just how __5__ the light would be bent；he could also work out how far the __6__ would appear to have moved.His discovery was __7__ new；it was said that only three people could understand it at that time.The difficulty was __8__ he could prove his ideas to other scientists.

答案 1.straight 2.prove 3.passed 4.appeared 5．much 6.stars

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8218495685.html,pletely

8.how

conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；议定

conclude with以……结束

conclude sth结束

to conclude(副词)总而言之；最后

conclude from...that...根据……得出结论

come to/ reach / draw a conclusion得出结论

bring sth to a conclusion使……结束

(1)The jury concluded，from the evidence，that she was guilty.

陪审团根据证据得出结论，认定她有罪。[牛津]

(2)To_conclude，I'd like to express my thanks to my family.最后，我想向我的家人表达感谢。[朗文]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)Another World Bank report ________ that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green”farming is supposed to be the first choice.(2011·陕西卷·阅读理解D)

答案concluded

(2)Should they keep their ________ within the team or share it with other employees？(2011·浙江卷·阅读六选五)

答案conclusion

attend v．参加；注意；照料

attend a meeting参加会议

attend sb 照料某人

attend to sb 接待某人

attend to sth＝deal with sth处理某事

attend school上学

attend/join/join in/go in for/take part in

辨析

take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。take an active part in积极参加。

attend 是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在活动中所起的作用。另外，attend 也能用作不及物动词。表示“参加”时同义词为be present at 出席，反义词be absent from缺席。

join指加入某组织团体，成为其成员之一。如参军、入团、入党等。

join in表示“参加正在进行的活动”。join in a game / discussion/ conversation/ walk/ talk参加游戏/讨论/谈话/一起散步/一起讨论。亦可说：join sb in (doing)sth表示“加入某人一起做某事”。

go in for从事，参加。常在口语中使用代替take part in。

(1)The meeting was well attended.有很多人出席会议。[牛津]

(2)I am the first child in my family to attend college.

我是家里第一个上大学的孩子。[朗文]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)Fewer people ____________ live matches nowadays，preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room.(2011·江西卷·阅读表达)

答案attend

(2)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

—I________it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.(2011·福建卷，34) A．attended B．had attended

C．would attend D．would have attended

解析考查虚拟语气。根据“but...”之后提示和前句“you missed”过去时的提示可知，此处表示过去自己想做却没有做，故答案为D。would have attended，表达虚拟的概念。attended为一般过去时，用于对过去既成事实的陈述；had attended为过去完成时；would attend为过去将来时，均不符合语境，可排除。

答案 D

expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光

expose...to...使显露；暴露

be exposed to 暴露于……；处于……危险中

expose sth to sb 向某人揭发某事

expose sb to sth 使某人接触到某物

(1)When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙。[牛津]

(2)Some children are never exposed to classical music.

一些学生从来没有接触过古典音乐。[朗文]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)The play Death of a salesman________(暴露) the cruelty of the American business world.

(2011·山东卷·阅读理解A)

答案exposes

(2)When I read these definitions，I am__54__exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.(2010·辽宁卷·完形填空) A．repeatedly B．nearly

C．immediately D．anxiously

解析考查副词辨析。句意：“当我读这些定义时，我反复地接触基本词汇”。repeatedly 反复地；屡次地，符合语境。

答案 A

blame

vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于

n．过失，责备

blame sb for sth/doing sth...因……责备某人

blame sth on sb

＝put/lay the blame on sb 把某事归咎于某人

be to blame (for...) 注意该短语中的不定式to blame为主动形式，但表被动意思。

bear/ take/ accept/ get the blame for sth(对某事)承担责任

(1)Which driver was_to_blame_for the accident?

这事故是哪个司机的责任？[牛津]

(2)She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him.

她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。[牛津]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)And who could ________(责备) him？(2011·湖南卷·Language Knowledge Section B)

答案blame

(2)Ceely's near miss made the news because she ________(责备)it on the GPS device(导航仪)．(2011·浙江卷·阅读理解A)

答案blamed

contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助

contribute sth to...把……捐献给……；给……投稿

contribute to为……做出贡献；有助于；导致(to为介词。后跟名词或v.-ing形式) make a contribution/ contributions to为……做出贡献

(1)Does smoking contribute_to lung cancer?

吸烟会导致肺癌吗？[牛津]

(2)The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.志愿者把时间都用在这一项目上。[朗文]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)Because she ________ (contribute)to saving the wounded.(2011·陕西卷·阅读理解B)

答案contributed

(2)It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less ________(contribute) than more experienced ones.(2011·浙江卷·六选五) 答案to contribute

写作句组——满分作文之佳句

a．Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs.(2011·北京)

b．Now I am writing to contribute my topic to you.(2009·重庆)

c．As for forest resources protection，I can also make my own contribution.(安徽)

d．Chinese uses the most plastic bags，which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”．(安徽)

look into调查；往里看

look on...as 把……看作……

look out 小心，当心；向外看

look around 到处看

look over 审阅，翻阅

look through 浏览；仔细地检查

look to 负责，留意

look up (从词典中)找出；天气转变；物价上涨；仰视

look up to sb 尊敬某人

look down on/upon sb 轻视某人

look forward to期待

(1)Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.警察正在调查这两个孩子的失踪的事情。[朗文]

(2)A working party has been set up to look_into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。[牛津]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

(1)If there's something you want to experience，__________(调查) it.(2011·北京卷·阅读理解A)

答案look into

(2)OK! We'll ____________ (调查) it and call you back.(2011·上海卷·听力原文)

答案look into

make sense讲得通；有意义

make no sense没道理；没意义

in_a_sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上

in no sense 决不

There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理(没意义)

make sense/make sense of

辨析

这两个短语的区别在于两个方面：一是词性的区别，make sense为不及物动词短语，

make sense of为及物动词短语。二是词义的区别。make sense讲得通，有道理，有意义，是明智的，是合理的；make sense of明白＝understand。

(1)It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可。[牛津]

(2)What you say makes_no_sense.

你说的话没有道理。[牛津]

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and ____________ of the world.(2010·广东卷·阅读理解A)

答案made sense

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置，太空中其他行星的运动才能说清楚。

当only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语前面。

only if/if only

辨析

only if表示“只有，只要”，引导状语从句，放在句首、句末均可。放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。

if only表示“如果……就好了；但愿”，引导虚拟条件句。表示现在的愿望，用过去时；表示过去的愿望，用过去完成时；表示将来的愿望用过去时或者过去将来时。

(1)Look at the trouble I'm in！If only I had_followed your advice.(上海卷)

(2)He knew his carts would be a great success if_only he could persuade people to give them a try.

(2009·天津卷·阅读理解A)

直通高考——看看高考怎么考

用only if或if only填空

(1)Throughout the twentieth century，advertising agencies promoted consumerism(消费主义) as a way of life，spreading the belief that people could be happy ________ they bought the “right”products.(2011·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) 答案only if

(2)He had his camera ready_________he saw something that would make a good picture.(2011·山东卷，28)

A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that

解析考查状语从句引导词。句意：他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物。in case 为“以防；以免”，even if为“即使”，if only为“如果……”，so that“为了，以便”。

答案 C

Ⅰ.品句填词

1．Our football team ________(打败)theirs this time.

2．He smiled suddenly，__________ (露出)a set of amazing white teeth.

3．Scientists are still searching for a ________(治愈办法)for cancer.

4．He waited for the ________(宣布)of the result of the competition.

5．Everyone should ________(捐赠)what she or he can afford.

6．Plants ________(吸收)minerals and other nutrients from the soil.

7．What made you ________(怀疑)her of having taken the money?

8．Imperfect articles are ________(不接受)by our quality control.

答案 1.defeated 2.exposing 3.cure 4.announcement 5．contribute 6.absorb 7.suspect 8.rejected

Ⅱ.短语识境

put forward；draw a conclusion；(be) to blame；look into；apart from；(be) strict with；make sense；at times

1．She was fun to be with ________.

2．She ________ several good ideas.

3．I ________ that he was lying.

4．She was in no way ________.

5．His disappearance is being ________ by the police.

6．________ the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both legs.

7．She's very ________ her children.

8．Read this and tell me if it ________.

答案 1.at times 2.put forward 3.drew a conclusion 4．to blame 5.looked into 6.Apart from 7.strict with 8.makes sense

Ⅲ.翻译句子

1．那次事故怪不着孩子们。(be to blame)

________________________________________________________________________

2．她的工作有助于我们对这一难题的理解。(contribute to)

________________________________________________________________________

3．他在会上提出一个很好的建议。(put forward)

________________________________________________________________________

4．你能了解这个作家在讲什么吗？(make sense of)

________________________________________________________________________

5．有人建议我们在晚会上演一个短剧。(It is suggested that...)

________________________________________________________________________

答案 1.The children were not to blame for the accident.

2．Her work has contributed to our understanding of this difficult subject.

3．He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.

4．Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?

5．It's suggested that we ( should ) put on a short play at the party.

一般词汇高级词汇

able talented

action measures

buy purchase

care concern

certainly undoubtedly

change reform

cheat deceive

common popular

enter attend

finish accomplish

free released

fresh vivid

get attain

give donate/offer

given distributed

glad delighted

greatly dramatically

greatly sharply

healthy sound

important urgent

is lies

joy fun

leave desert

like appreciate/enjoy

make earn

pay afford

proportion ration

realize fulfill

rise soar