精品解析:广东省普通高中2017年6月学业水平考试真题卷物理试题(解析版)

精品解析:广东省普通高中2017年6月学业水平考试真题卷物理试题(解析版)
精品解析:广东省普通高中2017年6月学业水平考试真题卷物理试题(解析版)

2017年6月广东省普通高中学业水平考试真题卷

一、单项选择题Ⅰ(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)

1. 下列科学家中,用扭秤实验测出引力常数数值的是( )

A. 牛顿

B. 爱因斯坦

C. 卡文迪许

D. 伽利略

【答案】C

学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...学.科.网...

点睛:本题考查物理学史,是常识性问题,对于物理学上重大发现、发明、著名理论要加强记忆,这也是考试内容之一。

2. 下列情景中,加点标示的物体的运动,不以地面为参考系的是( )

A. 太阳

..已过万重山

..东升西落 B. 轻舟

C. 骏马

..两岸走

..在草原上奔驰 D. 巍巍青山

【答案】D

【解析】A、假设地面不动,物体运动,则是以地面为参考系,故选项ABC不符合题意;

D、“小小竹排水中游,巍巍青山两岸走.”词中巍巍青山两岸走是以竹排或自身为参考系,故D符合题意。点睛:解决本题的关键知道参考系是选作参考标准(当成不动)的物体,不需一定选择静止的物体.以及知道物体能看成质点的条件。

3. 下列研究中,可将运动员看作质点的是( )

A. 研究运动员跳水的动作难度

B. 研究运动员登山时手脚的受力情况

C. 研究运动员万米赛跑所需的时间

D. 研究运动员花样滑冰时旋转的速度

【答案】C

【解析】A、研究运动员跳水的动作难度,要看运动员的动作,不能看成质点,所以A错误;

B、研究运动员登山时手脚的受力情况,要看手脚的受力情况,不能看成质点,所以B错误;

C、研究运动员在万米跑过程中的时间,运动员的大小和形状能忽略,运动员可以看成质点,故C正确;

D、研究运动员做花样滑冰旋转的速度,要看运动员的动作,不能看成质点,所以D错误。

点睛:解决本题的关键掌握物体能否看成质点的条件,关键看物体的大小和形状在研究的问题中能否忽略。

4. 物体从静止开始做直线运动,其s-t图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )

A. t1~t2内物体处于静止状态

B. t2~t3内物体做匀加速直线运动

C. 0~t1内物体的速度大小比t2~t3内的大

D. t1~t2内物体的速度大小比t2~t3内的大

【答案】A

【解析】A、根据图象的斜率等于速度,内物体的速度为0,处于静止状态,可知内物体的速度不变,做匀速运动,故A正确,B错误;

C、物体在图象的斜率小于内图象的斜率,所以物体在的速度小于的速度,故C错误;

D、内物体处于静止,故其速度最小为零,故选项D错误。

点睛:解决本题的关键是知道位移图象的斜率表示速度,物体的位移等于纵坐标的变化量,即可轻松解答。

5. 下列表述中,加点标示的物理量属于矢量的是( )

A. 汽车行驶时牵引力的功率

..

B. “天宫一号”绕地球运动的周期

..

C. 火车由北京开往广州的平均速率

....

D. 物体做平抛运动时在某一时刻的速度

..

【答案】D

【解析】既有大小又有方向的物理量为矢量,则功率、周期、平均速率等只有大小没有,则为标量,而速度为矢量,故选项D正确。

点睛:本题要能抓住矢量与标量的区别:矢量有方向,标量没有方向,能正确区分物理量的矢标性。

6. 在长为50 m的游泳池中举行200 m蛙泳比赛,运动员从比赛开始到结束的过程中,游过的路程的最大值

和位移大小的最大值分别是( )

A. 0,50 m

B. 0,200 m

C. 200 m,50 m

D. 200 m,0

【答案】C

【解析】在200米游泳中,实际通过的路程就是表示运动轨迹的长度,即为;

由于泳池长,故200米蝶泳中需要一个来回,故又会回到终点,故位移最大值分别是为,故选项C正确。

点睛:解决本题的关键是掌握位移和路程的区别:位移是指位置的移动,由初位置指向末位置,有大小有方向;路程是表示运动轨迹的长度,只有大小,没有方向。

7. 汽车以20 m/s的速度行驶,制动后做匀减速直线运动,经过5 s汽车停止,则汽车的加速度大小为( )

A. 1 m/s2

B. 2 m/s2

C. 3 m/s2

D. 4 m/s2

【答案】D

【解析】根据公式,则,故汽车的加速度大小为,故选项D正确。点睛:本题考查了运动学中的刹车问题,是道易错题,注意汽车速度减为零后不再运动。

8. 小明在平静湖面上燃放烟花,若某时刻烟花沿竖直方向以10 m/s的速度向上运动,则此时烟花在水中的倒影相对于烟花的速度大小为( )

A. 0

B. 10 m/s

C. 20 m/s

D. 40 m/s

【答案】C

【解析】烟花沿竖直方向以的速度向上运动,则水中的倒影也以的速度向下运动,影相对烟花的速度是,故C正确。

9. 一物体从楼顶开始自由下落,忽略空气阻力,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 物体的运动是一种匀变速直线运动

B. 物体运动的速度大小与物体质量有关

C. 物体运动的加速度大小与物体质量有关

D. 物体落地所需的时间与物体下落的高度无关

【答案】A

【解析】A、当忽略空气阻力,由静止下落,则为自由落体运动,为一种加速度为重力加速度的匀变速直线

运动,其速度大小,与质量无关,故选项A正确,选项BC错误;

D、根据自由落体运动规律:,则,,则时间与下落的高度有关,故选项D错误。

点睛:解决本题的关键掌握自由落体运动的速度时间公式和位移时间公式,难度不大。10. 如图所示,物体在大小为10 N,方向斜向上的拉力F的作用下,沿水平桌面做匀速直线运动,则物体与桌面间的摩擦力大小( )

A. 等于10 N

B. 大于10 N

C. 小于10 N

D. 等于零

【答案】C

【解析】对物体受力分析,受拉力、重力、支持力、摩擦力,如图所示:

物体匀速运动,受力平衡,物体受拉力、重力、支持力和滑动摩擦力四个力作用,根据平衡条件,有:,则,故摩擦力大小小于,故选项C正确。

点睛:本题关键是对物体受力分析,由水平和竖直方向平衡并结合滑动摩擦力的公式分别列方程求解即可。

11. 一体操运动员倒立并静止在水平地面上,下列图示姿势中,沿手臂的力F最大的是( )

A. B. C. D.

【答案】D

【解析】两手臂的作用力的合力与重力平衡,即合力一定,两分的夹角越大,分力越大,故选项D正确。

12. 物体处于平衡状态时,该物体( )

A. 一定静止

B. 一定做匀速直线运动

C. 受到的合外力等于零

D. 可能做匀速圆周运动

【答案】C

【解析】A、平衡状态时,物体可能处于静止状态或匀速直线运动状态,但合力肯定为零,故选项C正确,A、B错误;

D、匀速圆周运动合外力始终指向圆心,不为零,故选项D错误。

点睛:物体在两个或两个以上力的作用时,保持静止或匀速直线运动状态,这几个就是平衡力,平衡状态:静止状态或匀速直线运动状态,处于平衡状态的物体受平衡力的作用。

13. 如图所示,光驱读盘时光盘绕固定轴高速转动,当转速恒定时,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 盘面上越靠近圆心的点,线速度大小越大

B. 盘面上越靠近圆心的点,角速度大小越大

C. 盘面上所有点的角速度大小都相等

D. 盘面上所有点的线速度大小都相等

【答案】C

【解析】B、转速恒定时,各点的角速度相等,故选项B错误、C正确;

A、由知,选项AD错。

点睛:有固定的相同的转轴,角速度相等。

14. 关于物体的惯性,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 物体的质量越大,惯性越小

B. 物体的速度越大,惯性越小

C. 运动的物体具有惯性,静止的物体没有惯性

D. 汽车向前行驶时突然刹车,由于惯性,乘客会向前倾

【答案】D

【解析】A、惯性是物体的固有属性,质量是惯性大小的唯一量度,质量越大,惯性越大,故选项AB错误;

C、任何物体都有惯性,故选项C错误、D正确。

点睛:看惯性概念的理解,惯性就是物体保持原来的运动状态的性质,惯性的大小与物体的运动状态无关,惯性大小的唯一量度是物体的质量。

15. 小明站在电梯里的体重计上,当电梯以1 m/s2的加速度加速上升时,体重计的示数( )

A. 大于小明受到的重力

B. 等于小明受到的重力

C. 小于小明受到的重力

D. 等于零

【答案】A

【解析】根据题意可以知道,小明的加速度向上,处于超重,体重计示数为,故选项A正确。点睛:只要加速度向上,就是超重,加速度向下,就是失重,与物体的运动速度方向无关,同时,超重与失重现象只是物体对支撑物的压力变大,而重力保持不变。

16. 国际单位制中的单位m/s、N、A对应的物理量分别是( )

A. 速度、力、电流

B. 加速度、功、电量

C. 速度、质量、电量

D. 角速度、力、电场强度

【答案】A

【解析】国际单位制中的单位、N、A对应的物理量分别是速度、力、电流,故选项A正确。

点睛:在力学中,质量、长度及时间作为基本物理量,其单位作为基本单位,由基本单位根据物理公式推导得出的单位为导出单位。

17. 如图所示,在高速转动的洗衣机脱水桶内壁上,有一件湿衣服随桶一起转动,在保证衣服不滑动的情

况下( )

A. 桶转速增大时,衣服对桶壁的压力不变

B. 桶转速增大时,衣服对桶壁的压力减小

C. 桶转速足够大时,衣服上的水滴将做离心运动

D. 桶转速足够大时,衣服上的水滴将做向心运动

【答案】C

【解析】A、衣服随桶一起转动,所需向心力由桶壁的支持力提供,转速越大,支持力越大,压力也越大,故选项AB均错误;

C、当水滴的附着力不足以提供向心力时,水滴做离心运动,故选项C正确,D错误。

点睛:解决本题的关键搞清向心力的来源,运用牛顿第二定律进行求解;同时要知道离心运动的条件。18. 篮球由静止开始下落至地面,经多次反弹后静止在地面上,从篮球开始下落到最终静止的过程,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 机械能不守恒

B. 重力一直做正功

C. 重力势能时刻在减少

D. 重力一直做负功

【答案】A

【解析】A、篮球最终静止,说明机械能减少,故选项A正确;

B、篮球上升时,重力做负功,重力势能增大,下落时,重力做正功,重力势能减少,故选项BCD错误。点睛:该题通过实际生活中的例子,考查能量之间的相互转化的关系,特别是重力势能与动能之间的相互转化关系要牢记。

19. 人造卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动的线速度大小为v,轨道半径为r,已知引力常量为G,根据万有引力定律,可算出地球的质量为( )

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】A

【解析】设地球质量为M,卫星质量为m,由,可得,故选项A正确。

点睛:解决本题的关键掌握万有引力定律的两个重要理论:万有引力等于重力,万有引力提供向心力,并能灵活运用。

20. 下列物体的运动不能用经典力学描述的是( )

A. 子弹的飞行

B. 人造卫星的运行

C. 小汽车的行驶

D. 光子的运动

【答案】D

【解析】经典力学适用于低速宏观的物体,A、B、C不符合题意,选项D符合题意。

点睛:经典力学的适用范围是宏观、低速情形,高速情形要用相对论,微观粒子运动要用量子力学。21. 两个完全一样的金属小球M、N,先让它们各自带电+5q和+7q,接触后再分开,则最终M、N的带电

量分别是( )

A. +6q,+6q

B. +7q,+5q

C. +12q,+12q

D. +q,+q

【答案】A

点睛:本题关键是记住“两个相同的金属小球接触后电荷先中和后均分”的结论,根据电荷守恒定律列式分析即可。

22. 将两只充气气球在头发上摩擦后放在绝缘水平桌面上,关于两只气球之间的静电相互作用,下列说法

正确的是( )

A. 气球带同种电荷相互吸引

B. 气体带同种电荷相互排斥

C. 气体带异种电荷相互吸引

D. 气球带异种电荷相互排斥

【答案】B

【解析】两气球与头发摩擦,两只气球因为摩擦起电而带了同种电荷,同种电荷相互排斥,故选项B正确。点睛:电荷规律:同种电荷相排斥,异种电荷相吸引.根据同种电荷间的相互作用和流速与流体压强的关系来解答。

23. 在图所示的静电场中,实线表示电场线,M、N是电场中的两点.下列说法正确的是( )

A. M点的电场强度比N点的大

B. M点的电场强度比N点的小

C. M、N两点的电场强度大上相等,方向相同

D. M、N两点的电场强度大小相等,方向不同

【答案】B

【解析】A、电场线密的地方电场强度大,,故选项A错误、B正确;

C、场强的方向为该点的切线方向,则两点电场强度方向也不同,故选项CD错误。

点睛:本题是电场中基本题型,抓住电场线的物理意义:电场线表示电场线的强弱,电场线越密,场强越大。

24. 如图所示,一带负电的粒子以初速度v进入范围足够大的匀强电场E中,初速度方向与电场方向平行,粒子不计重力.下列说法正确的是( )

A. 粒子一直做匀加速直线运动

B. 粒子一直做匀减速直线运动

C. 粒子先做匀减速直线运动,再反向做匀加速直线运动

D. 粒子先做匀加速直线运动,再反向做匀减速直线运动

【答案】C

【解析】因为粒子带负电,受电场力方向与初速度方向相反,粒子是向右做匀减速运动,再向左做匀加速直线运动,故选项C正确。

25. 如图所示为一半圆形的匀强磁场B,当一束粒子对着圆心射入该磁场,发现所有粒子都从M点射出,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 这束粒子全部带负电荷

B. 这束粒子全部带正电荷

C. 这束粒子全部不带电

D. 这束粒子中有的带正电荷,有的带负电荷

【答案】B

【解析】根据左手则知,粒子进入磁场受到向上的洛伦兹力作用,故粒子带正电,故选项B正确。

点睛:对于洛伦兹力方向的判断,既要会应用左手定则,还要符合其特点:洛伦兹力方向既与粒子速度方向垂直,又与磁场方向垂直,但速度与磁场方向夹角可以任意。

26. 将线圈置于范围足够大、方向竖直向下的匀强磁场B中,各线圈的运动方式如下列图所示,则能够在线圈中产生感应电动势的是( )

A. B. C. D.

【答案】C

【解析】当闭合回路中的磁通量方向时,回路中产生感应电流,A、B、D中穿过线圈的磁通量始终为零,不产生感应电动势,C中磁通量不断变化,故选项C正确。

点睛:本题考查了感应电流产生的条件,知道感应电流产生的条件,分析清楚题意即可正确解题。

27. 在电路图中常用来表示电阻器、电容器的字母分别是( )

A. R、C

B. R、L

C. C、L

D. C、R

【答案】A

【解析】在电路图中常用来表示电阻器、电容器的字母分别是R、C ,故选项A正确。

28. 下列家电或设备利用了电磁感应定律的是( )

A. 电热水壶

B. 交流发电机

C. 电热毯

D. 电风扇

【答案】B

【解析】A、C是电流的热效应,D主要是磁场对电流的作用,交流发电机是利用了电磁感应定律,故选项B正确。

29. 北斗系统在航海中有重要的应用,轮船上的接收设备可以通过接收卫星的信息,进而确定自己的位置.在此过程中,该设备接收信息主要利用了( )

A. 电磁波

B. 声波

C. 太阳能

D. 电磁场

【答案】A

【解析】北斗系统在航海中有重要的应用,轮船上的接收设备可以通过接收卫星的信息,该设备接收信息主要利用了电磁波,故选项A正确。

点睛:本题考查了电磁波在生活中的应用,生活中利用电磁波的地方非常多.如:卫星通信、无线电视、无线广播、手机等。

30. 传感器被广泛地应用在日常生活中,自动烘干机是公共场所的常用设备,将手靠近烘干机,烘干机可自动送出热风.这种设备中,使用的传感器是( )

A. 红外线传感器

B. 声控传感器

C. 压力传感器

D. 生物传感器

【答案】A

【解析】当洗手后把手放在热风烘干机的下方,热烘烘的气体就会吹出来,这种设备中,使用的传感器是红外线传感器,故选项A正确。

二、单项选择题Ⅱ(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)

31. 物体做匀变速直线运动的vt图象如图所示.下列说法正确的是( )

A. 物体的初速度大小为10 m/s

B. 物体的初速度大小为20 m/s

C. 物体的加速度大小为0.5 m/s2

D. 物体的加速度大小为1 m/s2

【答案】B

【解析】A、由题图可知,物体的初速度是,故选项B正确、A错误;

C、由公式:得,,故选项CD均错误。

点睛:本题考查根据速度图象分析物体运动情况的能力,也可以结合画运动过程示意图分析。

32. 列车某段时间内做匀加速直线运动,速度由100 km/h增加到125 km/h所用时间为t1,速度由150 km/h 增加到175 km/h所用时间为t2.下列关于t1、t2的关系判断正确的是( )

A. t1>t2

B. t1=t2

C. t1<t2

D. 无法确定

【答案】B

【解析】由得,,因为两段时间速度变化均为,而加速度恒定,所以,故选项B正确。

点睛:解决本题的关键掌握匀变速直线运动的运动学公式和推论,并能灵活运用,有时运用推论求解会使问题更加简捷。

33. 如图所示,沿水平方向做直线运动的车厢内,悬挂小球的细绳向左偏离竖直方向,小球相对车厢静

止.关于车厢的运动情况,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 车厢向左做匀速直线运动

B. 车厢向右做匀速直线运动

C. 车厢向左做匀加速直线运动

D. 车厢向右做匀加速直线运动

【答案】D

【解析】由受力分析知,小球所受合力大小恒定方向水平向右,说明车厢有向右的恒定加速度,车厢向右做匀加速直线运动或向左做匀减速直线运动,故选项D正确。

点睛:解决本题的关键知道小球和车厢具有相同的加速度,结合牛顿第二定律进行求解。

34. 如图所示,在水平压力F作用下,重为G的物体紧靠着竖直墙壁保持静止.关于物体此时受到的摩擦力,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 摩擦力的大小小于G

B. 摩擦力的大小大于G

C. 摩擦力的方向水平向右

D. 摩擦力的方向竖直向上

【答案】D

【解析】物体保持静止状态,在竖直方向受重力和墙对物体的摩擦力,这两个力是一对平衡力,大小相等,方向相反,故选项D正确。

点睛:物体处于静止状态,则物体受平衡力作用,分别从竖直方向和水平方向对其进行受力分析:在水平方向,受压力和墙的支持力,在竖直方向受重力,不下滑,则受墙对它竖直向上的摩擦力。

35. 如图所示,小球和光滑斜面接触,并处于静止状态,则关于小球的受力情况,下列分析正确的是( )

A. 小球只受重力、绳的拉力作用

B. 小球受到重力、绳的拉力和斜面的弹力作用

C. 小球只受重力、斜面的弹力作用

D. 小球只受绳的拉力、斜面的弹力作用

【答案】B

【解析】地面附近物体一定受重力,故小球一定受重力;细绳拉紧,说明细绳对小球的力平行绳子方向;假设小球不受斜面的弹力,则小球不可能处于平衡状态,故小球一定受斜面的弹力,故选项B正确。

点睛:弹力有无的判断是常考的内容之一,一般常用假设法进行判断,本题只需注意绳子的方向即可反证得出斜面对小球有弹力。

36. 如图所示,质量为m的小孩,从长为l倾角为30°的固定斜面顶端下滑至底端,此过程重力对小孩做的功为( )

A. mgl

B. mgltan 30°

C. mglcos 30°

D. mglsin 30°

【答案】D

【解析】重力做功的特点只跟始末位置有关,跟路径无关,已知滑块质量为m,下落的高度为,则重力对滑块所做功为,故D正确。

37. “套圈圈”是许多人都喜爱的一种游戏.如图所示,小孩和大人直立在界外同一位置,在同一竖直线上不同高度先后水平抛出小圆环,并恰好套中前方同一物体.假设小圆环的运动可视为平抛运动,则( )

A. 小孩抛出的圆环速度大小较小

B. 两人抛出的圆环速度大小相等

C. 小孩抛出的圆环运动时间较短

D. 大人抛出的圆环运动时间较短

【答案】C

【解析】C、设抛出的圈圈做平抛运动的初速度为v,高度为h,则下落的时间为:,平抛运动的物体飞行时间由高度决定,故选项C正确,D错误;

D、水平方向位移知,大人抛环的速度小选项AB错误。

点睛:本题就是对平抛运动规律的考查,平抛运动可以分解为在水平方向上的匀速直线运动,和竖直方向上的自由落体运动来求解。

38. 如图所示,跳水运动员向下压跳板,随跳板一起从位置P1运动到位置P2,则此过程中( )

A. 运动员受到的重力对他做负功

B. 跳板的弹性势能一直在增加

C. 运动员的重力势能一直在增加

D. 运动员受到跳板的弹力对他做正功

【答案】B

【解析】A、从到重力做正功,重力势能减小,故AC错误;

B、板的弹力做负功,故板的弹性势能一直增大,故选项B正确;

D、板对运动员弹力的方向竖直向上,而运动员的位移向下,故做负功,故选项D错误。

39. 如图所示,两颗人造地球卫星M、N环绕地球做匀速圆周运动,下列说法正确的是( )

A. M的线速度比N的小

B. M的角速度比N的大

C. M的环绕周期比N的小

D. M的向心加速度比N的大

【答案】A

【解析】设卫星的质量为m、轨道半径为r、地球的质量为M,根据万有引力提供向心力,得:

,可以知道:,,,,可知,卫星的轨道半径越大,线速度角速度、加速度越小,而周期越大,所以,,,,而周期关系为:,故A正确,BCD错误。

点睛:本题关键抓住万有引力提供向心力,列式求解出线速度、角速度、周期和向心力的表达式,对于周期,也可以直接根据开普勒第三定律比较。

40. 海洋能是一种蕴藏量极大的可再生能源,具有广阔的应用前景.下列能源不属于海洋能的是( )

A. 潮汐能

B. 波浪能

C. 太阳能

D. 海流能

【答案】C

【解析】海洋能是一种蕴藏量极大的可再生能源,具有广阔的应用前景,潮汐能、波浪能、海流能等都属于海洋能,而太阳能则不属于,故选项C符号题意。

41. 下图是在“研究匀变速直线运动”实验中获得的一条纸带,相邻计数点间的距离分别为s1、s2和s3.时间间隔均为T,则打点计时器打下点1时物体速度大小的表达式为( )

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】C

【解析】因为物体做匀变速运动,打点1时物体的速度等于打点0到2的平均速度,故选项C正确。

42. 在“探究弹力和弹簧伸长的关系”实验中,下列图示能正确表达弹簧弹力F与伸长量x之间关系的是( )

A. B. C. D.

【答案】A

【解析】由胡克定律,可以知道,当k一定的时候,F与形变量x成正比,故选项A正确。

43. 在“验证牛顿运动定律”实验的准备阶段,小车不挂小桶时,先将木板的一端垫起一定高度.这样做的目的是( )

A. 测量小车运动的加速度

B. 平衡摩擦力

C. 测量小车运动的速度

D. 测量木板倾斜的角度

【答案】B

【解析】在“验证牛顿运动定律”实验的准备阶段,小车不挂小桶时,先将木板的一端垫起一定高度,这样做的目的是平衡摩擦力,使绳的拉力为小车受到的合力,故选项B正确。

44. 下列图中,绝缘细绳一端固定在O点,另一端系一个质量为m,带电量为+q的小球.为了使小球能静止在图中所示位置,可以加一个与纸面平行的匀强电场,则所加电场方向符合要求的是( )

A. B. C. D.

【答案】D

【解析】由图可知,带电小球受电场力水平向右,图为小球带正电,故场强方向水平向右,故选项D正确。

45. 把小磁针放入水平向右的匀强磁场B中,下列图中小磁针静止时N极指向正确的是( )

A. B. C. D.

【答案】D

【解析】图为匀强磁场,磁场方向为水平向右,则小磁针N极的指向与磁场方向一致,故选项D正确。

点睛:磁场中的磁感线不是实际存在的,是为了研究磁场而假想的,然而小磁针静止时N极所指向表示磁场方向。

46. 一根通电直导线垂直放在匀强磁场中,关于它受到的安培力,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 安培力方向与磁场方向相同

B. 安培力方向与电流方向相同

C. 安培力的大小与磁场强弱有关

D. 安培力的大小与电流大小无关

【答案】C

【解析】A、根据左手定则可知,安培力的方向与磁场方向、电流的方向都垂直,故选项A、B错误;

C、根据安培力大小为(垂直时),安培力的大小与磁场强弱、电流大小等都有关,故选项C正确、D 错误。

点睛:根据安培力大小公式求出安培力的大小,结合左手定则判断安培力的方向。

47. 如图所示,竖直长导线通以恒定电流I,一闭合线圈MNPQ与导线在同一平面内,当线圈从图示位置向右逐渐远离导线时,穿过线圈的磁通量将( )

A. 变小

B. 变大

C. 不变

D. 先变大,后变小

【答案】A

【解析】在通电直导线形成的磁场中,离导线越远,磁场越弱,故导线圈右移时,磁通量变小,故选项A 正确。

48. 我国古代有“千里眼”的神话传说,下列发明具有相似功能的是( )

A. 收音机

B. 录音机

C. 雷达

D. 电灯

【答案】C

【解析】我国古代有“千里眼”的神话传说,与雷达有相似的功能,故选项C正确。

49. 关于家用电器工作时发生能量转化的描述,下列说法正确的是( )

A. 电饭煲将内能转化为电能

B. 电熨斗将机械能转化为电能

C. 手摇发电机将机械能转化为电能

D. 电吹风将机械能转化为电能

【答案】C

【解析】A、电饭煲、电熨斗都是将电能转化为内能,故选项AB错误;

C、手摇发电机是将机械能转化为电能,故选项C正确;

D、电吹风是将电能转化为风能,故选项D错误。

50. 下表是某电饭锅铭牌上的部分内容,根据表中信息可得该电饭锅的额定电流为( )

A. 0.2 A

B. 0.5 A

C. 2.0 A

D. 5.0 A

【答案】D

【解析】根据功率的公式:得,,故选项D正确。

三、多项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,至少有2个选项是符合题目要求的,全部选对得3分,少选且正确得1分,未选、错选不得分) 51. 如图所示,O点处有一小球以v=8 m/s的水平初速度做平抛运动,经过2 s,小球到达M点(g取10

m/s2),则下列说法正确的有( )

A. O、M两点之间的水平距离为16 m

B. O、M两点之间的垂直距离为20 m

C. 小球在M点的水平分速度大小为16 m/s

D. 小球在M点的竖直分速度大小为10 m/s

【答案】AB

【解析】A、根据平抛运动可以知道,小球水平方向做匀速运动,水平方向速度不变,即

,,故选项A正确,C错误;

B、小球竖直方向做自落体运动,,而竖直方向速度为:,故选项B 正确,D错误。

52. 如图所示,篮球放在固定光滑斜面上,被一垂直水平地面的挡板挡住.下列说法正确的有( )

A. 篮球对挡板的压力大于篮球的重力

B. 篮球对挡板的压力小于篮球的重力

C. 篮球对斜面的压力大于篮球的重力

D. 篮球对斜面的压力小于篮球的重力

【答案】BC

【解析】对小球进行受力分析,如图所示:

可以看出:篮球对挡板的压力小于篮球的重力,篮球对斜面的压力大于篮球的重力,故选项BC正确。

点睛:受力分析是将研究对象看作一个孤立的物体并分析它所受各外力特性的方法,又称画隔离体图,是进行力学计算的基础。

53. 如图所示,物块从表面粗糙的固定斜面顶端匀速下滑至底端,下列说法正确的有( )

A. 物块的机械能减少

B. 物块的机械能守恒

C. 物块减少的重力势能全部转化为动能

D. 物块减少的机械能全部转化为内能

【答案】AD

【解析】A、由于接触面粗糙,不满足守恒条件,故机械能不守恒,故选项A正确,选项B错误;

C、根据能量守恒,可以知道物块减少的重力势能转化为动能和内能,故选项C错误,选项D正确。

54. 如图所示,原长为L、劲度系数为k的轻质弹簧一端悬挂在天花板,另一端悬挂质量为m的物体(弹簧处于弹性限度内).当物体静止时,下列说法正确的有( )

A. 物体对弹簧的拉力大小等于mg

B. 弹簧的伸长量等于

C. 弹簧的长度等于+L

D. 物体受到的合外力不为零

【答案】ABC

【解析】A、静止时,物体在重力和弹簧拉力作用下平衡,故选项A正确;

B、由且得,,故选项B正确;

C、弹簧长度等于原长加伸长量,为,故选项C正确;

D、由于物块处于平衡状态,故物体所受合外力为零,故选项D错误。

55. 关于电磁波,下列说法正确的有( )

A. 电磁波不包含可见光

B. 电磁波不可以在真空中传播

C. 电磁波可以传递信息和能量

D. 不同波长的电磁波在真空中传播速度大小都相同

【答案】CD

【解析】电磁波包含可见光,电磁波可在真空中传播,故选项AB错误,CD正确。

56. 下列行为违反安全用电常识的有( )

A. 用力拉扯电线拔出插头

B. 移动电器前把插头拔掉

C. 把易燃物远离电热器

D. 用湿布清洁墙上的插座插孔

【答案】AD

【解析】A、用力拉扯电线拔出插头,容易将插头破损,故选项A符合题意;

B、移动电器前把插头拔掉、把易燃物远离电热器符合安全用电,故BC不符合题意;

D、用湿布清洁墙上的插座插孔,容易发生短路,产生危险,故选项D符合题意。

57. 下列仪器或设备在使用过程中应用了静电现象的有( )

A. 避雷针

B. 指南针

C. 静电复印机

D. 变压器

【答案】AC

【解析】利用静电现象的原理的是避雷针和静电复印机,而指南针是利用地磁场的原理,而变压器是利用

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案(部分)

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案(部分)

2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一:国内国外上大学 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二:文科还是理科 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文: Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities,directly or indirectly,can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine,which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personality and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world. Above all, in such a society where emphasis,more often than not,is laid on the depth of one’s thought, to choose humanities as one’s major, must be the best way .

2017年6月大学英语六级真题+答案解析全三套

文档编号:YLWK239517 2017 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套) Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 2.A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C)They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 3.A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B)He writes several books simultaneously. C)He draws on his real-life experiences. D)He often turns to his wife for help. 4.A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D)Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A) A chievements of black male athletes in college. B)Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C)High college dropout rates among black athletes. D)Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes. 6.A) They display great talent in every kind of game. B)They are better at sports than at academic work. C)They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies. D)They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree. 7.A) About 15%. B) Around 40%. C)Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%. 8.A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them. B)College degrees do not count much to them. C)They have little interest in academic work. D)Schools do not deem it a serious problem. Section B

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案 第1套 选词填空

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套选词填空 After becoming president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to__27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years. Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many college " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy. Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global 33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers. A. accurately B. confirm C. demanding D. doubtful E. drastically F. justify G. monopolized H. outcome I. predominance J. presuming K. reputation L. significant M. signify N. simultaneously O. standardized 答案:(26)L. significant (27)F. justify (28)E. drastically (29)D. doubtful (30)H. outcome (31)O. standardized (32)B. confirm (33)K. reputation (34)C. demanding (35)A. accurately 2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇 Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequence sat the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objects—but these remain the excepti on, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not

2017年-6-月英语六级真题及答案

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案(三套全) 2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一:国内国外上大学 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二:文科还是理科 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文: Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities,directly or indirectly,can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine,which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personali ty and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world.

2017年6月大学英语六级第1套听力真题及答案

2017年6月六级真题一 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A. Doing enjoyable work. B. Having friendly colleagues. C. Earning a competitive salary. D. Working for supportive bosses. 2. A. 31%. B. 20%. C. 25%. D. 73%. 3. A. Those of a small size. B. Those run by women. C. Those that are well managed. D. Those full of skilled workers. 4. A. They can hop from job to job easily. B. They can win recognition of their work. C. They can better balance work and life. D. They can take on more than one job. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. It is a book of European history. B. It is an introduction to music. C. It is about the city of Bruges. D. It is a collection of photos. 6. A. When painting the concert hall of Bruges. B. When vacationing in an Italian coastal city. C. When taking pictures for a concert catalogue. D. When writing about Belgium's coastal regions. 7. A. The entire European coastline will be submerged. B. The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely. C. The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted. D. The major European scenic spots will disappear. 8. A. Its waterways are being increasingly polluted. B. People cannot get around without using boats. C. It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad. D. Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.

2017年6月大学英语六级真题(卷二)

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第二套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously. C) He draws on his real-life experiences. D) He often turns to his wife for help. 4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college. B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C) High college dropout rates among black athletes. D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年6 月英语六级真题及答案(三套全) 2017年6月英语六级真题 作文一:国内国外上大学 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二:文科还是理科 Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文: Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities,directly or indirectly,can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine,which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personali ty and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world. Above all, in such a society where emphasis,more often than not,is laid on the depth of one’s thought, to choose humanities as one’s major, must be the best way .

2017年6月大学英语六级真题+答案解析-全三套

2017 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套) Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 2.A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C)They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 3.A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B)He writes several books simultaneously. C)He draws on his real-life experiences. D)He often turns to his wife for help. 4.A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match. B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers. C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book. D)Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A) A chievements of black male athletes in college. B)Financial assistance to black athletes in college. C)High college dropout rates among black athletes. D)Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes. 6.A) They display great talent in every kind of game. B)They are better at sports than at academic work. C)They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies. D)They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree. 7.A) About 15%. B) Around 40%. C)Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%. 8.A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them. B)College degrees do not count much to them. C)They have little interest in academic work. D)Schools do not deem it a serious problem. Section B

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