机械专业英语期末复习提纲

机械专业英语期末复习提纲
机械专业英语期末复习提纲

1 The engineer has “a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study ,experience,and practice which is applied with judge-ment to develop ways to utilize,economically,the material and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind

工程师通过学习、经验和判断相结合的时间获得数学和自然科学方面的知识,从而想方设法来经济的开发、利用自然界物质资料与自然力为人类服务。

2 It is a dynamic,creative,and exciting profession which combines the fundamentals of ……..segments of society.

它是一个生气勃勃、创造性的、令人振奋的职业,为满足我们这个不断变化的世界的物质需要,把科学和数学的基本原理与科技工作者的水平及技工的技艺结合起来。更准确的说,工程学是一门涉及有关社会各方面所使用的机器设备、结构和其他装置的设计、建造、试验、管理或运行的应用科学。

3 The engineer may devote efforts toward better housing,cleaner air,economical transportation systems,better health care systems and facilities,new energy generation systems, improved agricultural production, safe and reliable products, or a myriad of other challenges。

工程师会致力于改善住房条件,使空气更清洁,创造更经济的交通运输系统和更完善的医疗保险系统和设施,创建新的能源系统,改良农业生产,生产安全而可靠的产品或应对其他无数的挑战。

4 Equally important, engineers must be concerned about the safety and health of others,the environment,and the social implications of the solution they provide 。The engineers must work for and with people ,as well as things。

同样重要的是,工程师必须关心他人的安全,健康和环境以及他们所提供的解决办法的社会效应。工程师为人工作,又要能与人一起工作,适应周围的事物。

5 They are concerned with the production and use ……..and the safety of products.

他们还关注能源的生产及应用、燃烧过程、环境保护、热污染、噪声污染、空气污染、材料加工及贮运、运输装置及推进系统的设计以及产品的安全。

6 By applying mathematical analysis,engineers………,from 100 to 15 percent.

通过数学分析,工程师们已经制定出各种测试程序,在某些情况下使测试零件数目的百分比从100%下降到15%,并仍然保证了产品的一致

性。

7 The word design means developing a physical system that performs a required function

设计这个词意味着研制一个能完成所需功能的实际系统

8 Furthermore , they must fully understand the important methods that have been developed to apply scientific principles to solve problems。

此外,他们必须对现有的运用科学原理解决问题的重要方法了如指掌

9 in the last few decades a whole field of automated manufacturing techniques has been developed, requiring new engineering skills to invent and improve machines that automatically construct other machines efficiently and reliably。

在过去的几十年里,已经开发出一套自动化制造技术,它要求用新的工程技术发明和改进能有效而可靠的自动制造其他机器的设备。

10 In a large-scale production operation, be it many identical small items such as radios for cars or a single item such as an oil refinery , there are many problems for an engineer to deal with

在大规模生产过程中,不论是许多相同的像汽车收音机一类的小产品,还是炼油厂一类的单一项目,都有许多需要工程师处理的问题

11 Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the stone age,the bronze age and the Iron age ,because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named

人类最早期的三个时期分别被称作石器时代、青铜器时代和铁器时代这因为每种文明都几乎完全取决于没一个时代的物质材料,而每一个时代就以该时代的材料来命名

12 the values indicate the approximate range of properties that can be expected depending on alloying and heat treatment。

这些参数表仅表示那些取决于合金化及热处理状态的性能的大致范围

13 These are two important questions that require answers before either the material or the forming or fabrications processes can be established 这是确定零件材料及加工成型的工艺方法之前必须考虑的两个重要问题

14 From such an analysis of functions and requirements can come a list of essential and desirable characteristics required of the material to be used for the object。

从这样一个功能和要求的分析可以归纳出这个产品的材料所具有

的基本的、可取的特性的一览表。

15 in the case of the domestic kitchen pan, the requirement that the material be a good conductor of heat reduces the consideration to metals

, particularly when taken

Together with the requirement that the material can be put in contact with a flame and contain hot liquids up to 100

在家用锅的例子中,把锅的材料必须是热得良导体的要求特别是

它必须能与火焰接触以及能存放温度达到100°c的液体等要求综合在一

起考虑,则可以选择的对象只能局限于金属

1 the controversy on this subject has been continuous noticed in the scientific and technological word for 5years

关于这个问题的争论已在科学界被持续关注五年了

2 fluid way be defined as all liquids and gas

所谓流体指的是一切液体和气体

3 A fulling by has an acceleration of 9.8 which means that it fonds

9.8m/s faster during each second that it did during the second immediately before

落体加速度9.8m/s,就是说该落体每一秒内都比前一秒快9.8m/s

4 By velocity we mean the time rate of motion in given direction

所谓速度就是在一定的方向上的运动速度

5 By steal we mean an alloy of iron and carbon

所谓钢就是铁碳合金

6 psychiatry is the study and treatment of mental illness

精神病学是关于研究和治疗精神病的科学

7 The substance exhibits a low input impedance.

这种物体的输入阻抗很低。

8 This country is very backward in industry,there is no heavy industry at

all.

这个国家的工业很落后,根本没有重工业。

9 This 200kw generator possesses an efficiency of 93% at full load.

这台200千瓦的发电机的满载效率是93%。

10 Steel and cast iron differ in carbon content.

钢和铸铁的含碳量各不相同。

11 These two metals differ greatly in properties.

这两种金属的性能差别很大。

12 The city transportation is well-developed.

这个城市的交通很发达。

1 【摘要】本文介绍了物联网的服务和发展,并分析了背后的驱动力量和发展的障碍。在应用类型和物联网的发展阶段不同,本文将其服务分为四种类型:身份相关的服务,信息聚合服务,协作感知服务,和无处不在的服务。为服务的前两种类型,讨论了应用程序和系统框架;在过去的两种类型,发展趋势进行了讨论。由事物的互联网提供的服务将逐渐融入人类的生活和社会的;随着物联网的发展,应用程序将从相对简单的身份相关的信息聚合的相关应用的发展,协同感知,和最后的无处不在的应用。这将可能为互联网是充分结合互联网和电信网。

2 摘要:动态适应不平地面运动的人形机器人在人类环境中的一个关键能力的利用。然而,由于目前的模式生成方法的效果,适应未知的粗糙的地面是有限的。此外,对四点接触在着陆阶段保持大的支持区域通常是一个关键问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种着陆阶段控制在三维环境下的在线模式生成。在机器人环境的基础上非平面的交互模式,提出了实现稳定的四点是一个基于最优支撑区域着陆控制方法通过灵活的脚接触,和一个控制器来适应地面的变化而不使用先验知识。此外,一个适应性强的立足点规划提出了考虑步行速度,在线模式生成不平坦的地形,和效果横向运动的运动稳定性。最后,着陆控制和在线模式生成的有效性证明通过动态模拟和真正的机器人行走实验室外地面不平。结果表明,机器人保持其平衡,即使地面是未知的和不规则的。所提出的方法为仿人机器人研究的基础在复杂的环境中执行任务。

3 结论(1)对柔性足的基础上,一种新的方法登陆基于最优支撑区域控制方法实现非平面四点接触之间的弹性脚与地面。和着陆阶段控制器提出了。作为一个结果,机器人可以适应变化没有先验知识的地面。(2)增加运动的稳定性,尤其是在地面不平,适应性强的立足点规划法考虑到步行速度的在线模式生成

和不平坦的地形。和效果的横向移动运动的稳定性是利用步态生成。(3)与套模拟,登陆的有效性控制是通过31-dof双足机器人模型的评价。的结果表明,运动的稳定性提高当机器人行走在特定地形称在这纸类。

(4)真正的机器人BHBIP运动实验实现了室外地形。机器人保持其平衡,即使地面是未知的和不规则的。

结果验证在线步态生成的可行性。

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statics and dynamics静动/ journal bearing 径向/ rolling bearing滚动/ stress and strain应力和应变/Strengh of materials材料的强度Shaft轴/coupling连接器/ equivalent load 等效载荷/ stress concentration应力集中/ critical speed临界速度/ rigid coupling刚性连轴器/ flexible coupling挠性联轴器/cotter pin开口销/load limit复合极限/elastic deflection弹性变形thrust bearing推力轴承/ taper roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承/mating surface配合面/Internal spline内花键Lathe车床/headstock主轴箱/tailstock尾架/carriage溜板/leadscrew丝杠/feed rod光杠/engine lathe普通车床/slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构/epicyclic gear行星齿轮/Gear broaching拉齿dimensional tolerance尺寸公差/surface roughness表面粗糙度/upper deviation上偏差/lower deviation下偏差/clearance fit间隙配合/interference fit过盈配合/transition fit过度配合 缩写词:N.C. numerical control数控CAD computer aided design CAE computer aided engineering工程CAM computer aided manufacturing制造/Mechanical Designing-Manufacturing and Automation 机械设计制造及其自动化/Machine design机械设计/mechanical theory机械原理/Engineering drawing工程制图 机床的种类:lathes车床,boring machine镗床,milling machine铣床,planers and shapers刨床和牛头刨床,broaching machines拉床,drilling machines钻孔机 选择连接件时考虑哪些因素:primary function基本功能,appearance外观,a large number of small size fasteners versnus a small number of larger size fasteners对于采用大量的小型连接件还是采用少量的大型连接件的确定,operating condition such as vibration loads and temperature诸如载荷、振动和温度等工作条件,frequency of disassembly装拆频率,adjustability in the location of parts零件位置的可调性,types of materials to be joined被连接零件的材料种类,consequences of failure of loosening of the fastener连接件失效或者松脱造成的后果 弹用途:control of motion in machines控制机构互动,reduction of transmitted forces as aresult of impact of shock loading缓冲减震,storage of energy储存能量,measurement of force测量力的大小 摘要包含哪些内容:state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation阐述该项目研究工作的主要目的和范围,describe the methodology employed描述所使用的方法,summarize the results 总结研究成果,state the principal condusions阐述主要结论 科技论文包括哪些内容:title标题,fact vs opinion事实与意见,the abstract摘要,analysis分析,results and discussion结果和讨论,appendixes附录,important information重要信息,tense,the introduction介绍,experimental procedure实验过程,condusions结论. In addition the shaft must be able to sustain a combination of bending and torsional loads. Thus an equivalent load must be considered which takes into account both torsion a factor of safety which includes fatigue, since torsional and bending stress reversals occur.此外,轴还必须能够承受弯矩的当量载荷。因为扭矩和弯矩会产生交变应力,在许用应力中也应该有一个考虑疲劳现象的安全系数。 Removable. This type permits the parts to be readily disconnected without damaging the fastener. An example is the ordinary nut-and-bolt fastener.可拆式,采用这种方式连接的零件很容易被拆开,而且不会对连接件造成损伤。例如普通的螺栓螺母连接件。 Semipermanent.For this type, the parts can be disconnected ,but some damage usually occurs to the fastener. One such example is a cotter pin .半永久式,采用此类方式连接的零件虽然能被拆开,但通常会对所有的连接件造成损伤。 Permanent. When this type of fastener is used,it is intended that the parts will never be disassembled. Examples are riveted and welded joints.永久式,采用这种连接件就表明所连接的零件不会被分开,例如铆接和焊接。 Design can be based on accepted values of life and it is general practice in the bearing industry to define the load capacity of the bearing as that value below which 90 percent of a batch will exceed a life of one million revolutions.轴承设计是机于能够被人们所承受的寿命来进行的。在轴承行业中,通常将轴承的承载能力定义为这样的值,即所承受的载荷小于这个值时,一批轴承中将会有90%的轴承具有超过一百万的寿命。 Gear hobbing ,the most used metal cutting method,uses the rack generating principle but avoids show reciprocation by mounting many “racks”on a rotating cutter . The “racks”are displaced axially to form a gashed worm (fig.29.3). The gear hobbing process is shown in fig.29. 滚齿是最常见的金属切削方法。它采用齿条展成原理,但是通过安装在旋转刀具上的许多“齿条”来避免缓慢的往复运动。这些“齿条”轴向排布,形成了开槽的蜗杆(见图29.3),滚齿加工过程如图29.4所示。 There are three methods of specitying tolerances on dimensions:unilateral, bilateral, and limit forms. When plus-or-minus tolerancing is used, it is applied to a theoretical dimension called the basic dimension . When dimensions can vary in only one direction from the basic dimension (either larger or smaller )tolerancing is unilateral. Tolerancing that permits variation in both directions from the basic dimension (larger and smaller)is bilateral, tolerances may also be given in limit form, with dimensions representing the largest and smallest sizes for a feature.有三种表示尺寸公差的方式:单向,双向和极限方式。当采用正负公差时,就将公差加到被称为基本尺寸的理想尺寸上去。当只允许尺寸向基本的单一方向(或者变大或者变小)的变动时,就是单向公差。当尺寸在基本尺寸的两个方向(变大或者变小)都可以变动时,公差就是双向的。公差也可以用极限形式给出,表示零件的最大和最小尺寸。

(完整word版)机械专业英语文章中英文对照

英语原文 NUMERICAL CONTROL Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job. When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment. There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools:point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running. Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring. The N/C system consists of the following components:data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment. Data input, also called “man—to—control link”,may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means. Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs. Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors. These are located on a console near the machine. Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer. In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices. Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation. It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases. In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape. Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems. The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks. Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two. The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks. Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film. Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop. Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling. In this case, the operator simply loads and

机械专业英语词汇汇总

机械专业英语词汇(大全) 金属切削metal cutting 机床machine tool 金属工艺学technology of metals 刀具cutter 摩擦friction 联结link 传动drive/transmission 轴shaft 弹性elasticity 频率特性frequency characteristic 误差error 响应response 定位allocation 机床夹具jig 动力学dynamic 运动学kinematic 静力学static 分析力学analyse mechanics 拉伸pulling 压缩hitting 剪切shear 扭转twist 弯曲应力bending stress 强度intensity 三相交流电three-phase AC 磁路magnetic circles 变压器transformer 异步电动机asynchronous motor 几何形状geometrical 精度precision 正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation 应力stress 硬度rigidity 热处理heat treatment 退火anneal 正火normalizing 脱碳decarburization 渗碳carburization 电路circuit 半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator 直流电源DC electrical source 门电路gate circuit 逻辑代数logic algebra 外圆磨削external grinding 内圆磨削internal grinding 平面磨削plane grinding 变速箱gearbox 离合器clutch 绞孔fraising 绞刀reamer 螺纹加工thread processing 螺钉screw 铣削mill 铣刀milling cutter 功率power 工件workpiece 齿轮加工gear mechining 齿轮gear 主运动main movement 主运动方向direction of main movement 进给方向direction of feed 进给运动feed movement 合成进给运动resultant movement of feed 合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting 合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth 前刀面rake face 刀尖nose of tool 前角rake angle 后角clearance angle 龙门刨削planing 主轴spindle 主轴箱headstock 卡盘chuck 加工中心machining center

机械专业英语

机械专业英语 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板 Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 Screw driver起子 Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管 supervisor 课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 EMI gasket导电条 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表

trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车 personnel resource department 人力资源部 production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床 |刨床 planer |'plein miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺

机械类英语文章

What is Hydraulic? A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. Hydraulic principle It consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. History of the development of hydraulic

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