语法回顾不定式和双宾语_教案
2019年秋季课程外研版初二英语
语法回顾—不定式和双宾语
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.不定式
2.双宾语
教学重点
1. 不定式用法
2. 什么是双宾语
教学难点
1. 动名词和不定式的区别
2. 双宾语和宾语补足语的区别
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.知识回顾
1、They (visit) the History Museum last week.
2、Zhang Hong (make) many friends since she came to Paris.
3、She (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
4、Stay here，Jack. Don’t go out. It(rain) now.
5、Li Ping (write) a composition every week.
6、The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday.
7、My parents (live) in Beijing since 1949.
8、Look! The young worker (show) the students around the factory now.
9、They (build) a new bridge over the river next year.
10、The students (clean) their classroom tomorrow.
11、My father is very busy. He often (come) home late.
12、Our teacher (join) the party twenty years ago.
13、The boys (have) a basketball match now. Let’s(go) and_________(watch).
14、She (work) in this factory for ten years.
15、“What makes you (think) I’m a farmer?” the Frenchman asked.
16、It’s not easy (catch) fish with your hands only.
17、Have you finished (read) this book?
18、It (snow) hard now. You’d better (stay) at home.
19、It takes him half an hour (go) to work by bus.
20、Hurry up or we (be) late for class.
【答案】
1、visited
2、has made
3、will go
4、is raining
5、writes
6、gave
7、have lived
8、is showing 9、will build 10、will clean 11、comes 12、joined 13、are having，go，watch
14、has worked 15、think 16、to catch 17、reading 18、is snowing，stay 19、to go
20、will be
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。
What _____ your brother_____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
_________.
【答案】
1. are，going，to，be，grow，up，going，be，computer，programmer
2. is，going，to，be，grows，up，going，be，professional，basketball.
3. How，going，to，do，going，to，study，science
4. How，going，to，do，that，going，to，play
5. Is，going，to，take，acting，is
三、知识精要
语法知识列表
【语法点一】时态分类
分类说明例句
一般现在时用来描述现在或经常性的动作、性质或
状态
I do my homework at home.我在家做作业。
一般过去时表示一个过去发生的动作或存在的状态She lost her wallet last night.她昨晚丢了钱包。
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作、情况或状态Mike will have supper with me this evening.迈
克今晚要和我一起吃晚餐。.
现在进行时主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作
或发生的事
My little sister is reading an interesting article.
我妹妹在读一篇有趣的文章。
过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行She was working on this problem this time
yesterday.她
昨天这个时候正在处理这个问题。
现在完成时表示一件已发生的事，这事往往与现在
情况有联系
I have spent all the money.
我已经把钱花光了。
be going to 和will的区别：be going to既可指主观打算也可指客观迹象表明将要发生；will 往往指没有经过计划，临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意思或将来必然要发生的事情。例如：
-What are you going to give our teacher for Teachers' Day?教师节你打算送我们老师什么?(主观打算)
-I’m not sure. Maybe I will buy her some flowers.我还没想好。也许我要送她一些花。(意愿决定)
It is going to snow.要下雨了。(根据客观迹象判断)
四、要点讲练
【要点1】不定式的用法
1）作主语To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.
2）作表语My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.
4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.
5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语He stopped to have a look.否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not
to make such a mistake.
【例题】
【2019广东广州】17. I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play
B. to play not
C. not playing
D. not play
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。不定式做tell的宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，对不定式进行否定在to前加not。即tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
【答案】A
【即学即用】
【2019广东】41. —I didn’t hear you come in just now.
—That’s good. We tried _______ any noise，for you were sleeping.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. to make
D. making
【答案】B
【知识拓展】
一、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词let，have，make：2）感官动词see，watch，look at，notice，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find 等后作宾补，省略to。3）would rather，had better + do
二.动词的-ing形式：
1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3）动名词作宾语She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：，finish，mind，practise，be good at，do well in，can't help(禁不住)，keep on，feel like，look forward to，enjoy ，finish，be busy ，advise ，suggest等
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see，hear，find，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
【要点2】双宾语的用法
一、间接宾语和直接宾语位置可以互换，当间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时，其前必须使用介记号to .这类动词有：give ，pass ，hand ，lend ，return ，show ，bring ，take ，sell 等.如：
Show me the photo，please.= Show the photo to me，please.
如果直接宾语为代词it 或them ，则只能使用“及物动词+ 直接宾语+to+ 间接宾语”的形式.如：
That book is mine.Please hand it to me.
二、间接宾语和直接宾语位置可以互换，当间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时，其前面必须使用介词for .这类动词有：buy ，get ，make ，draw ，paint ，sing ，keep ，fix 等.如：Can you buy me a pen?= Can you buy a pen for me?
如果直接宾语为代词，则只能使用“及物动词+ 直接宾语+for+ 间接宾语“的形式.如：
I like listening to popular songs.Can you sing one for me?
三、间接宾语和直接宾语位置不可互换，只能使用“及物动词+to+ 间接宾语”的形式.这类动词有：announce ，explain ，express ，report ，say ，talk ，shout ，mention 等.如：He suggested to me that I (should) give up smoking.
He proved to the judge that he wasn’t in that day.
四、间接宾语和直接宾语位置不可互换，只能使用“及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”的形式.常见的这类动词有：answer ，envy ，forgive ，kiss ，refuse ，strike 等.如：
Forgive him his rudeness.
She kissed the child good-bye.
五、在直接宾语前带有介词with ，可利用介词for 或to 把间接宾语后面.这类动词有：supply ，provide ，furnish 等.如：
The water works supplies us with excellent water.= The water works supplies excellent water to (for) us.
【例题】
She announced __________ that she would go abroad.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/856113597.html,
B.to us
C.for us
D.herself
【解析】因为announce 接双宾语时必须在间接宾语前加to .如：应说announce some news to us ，而不能说announce us some news
【答案】B
【即学即用】
1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.
A. his son to finish
B. to finish
C. finishing
D. his son will finish
【答案】B
【知识拓展】
如何区分双宾语和复合宾语
某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语（即：间接宾语＋直接宾语）或复合宾语（即：宾语＋宾语补足语），这两种宾语的形式虽然相似，但结构与意义却不同.那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?
（1）从动词上区分.
一些动词后面常跟双宾语，这类动词有give，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing等.例如：
The teacher gives each of them an eraser．老师给他们每人一块橡皮
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等.例如：
We must keep the classroom clean．我们必须保持教室清洁.
He didn’t let me go．他不让我走.
They call the bird“Polly”．他们叫这鸟“波利”.
（2）从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.
在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）.例如：
She showed us（pron．）a new TV set（n．）．（双宾语）
He gave Tom（n．）a piece of paper（n．）．（双宾语）
We call him Lao Li（n．）．（复合宾语）
Don’t keep the light on（adv．）．（复合宾语）
They must keep their hands behind their backs（介词短语）．（复合宾语）
I won’t let you tr y again（不定式短语）．（复合宾语）
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed（过去分词）．（复合宾语）
（3）从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.
在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立.双宾语一般表示“为谁（forsb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”，即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构.例如：
Please show me your new book．→Please show your new book to me．请给我看看你的新书. She bought me some tomatoes．→She bought some tomatoes for me．她给我买了一些西红柿. 宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”；当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”.例如：
We made Tom monitor．（Tom is monitor．）
We will make our country more beautiful．（Our country will be more beautiful．）
※【链接中考】
①【2019山东济宁】— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go
B. went
C. going
D. to go
② Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _____dancing with her.
A. practice
B. practices
C. practicing
D. to practice
③【2019广东广州】I always tell my students ______ on the road be cause it’s really dangerous.
A.not to play
B. to play not
C. not playing
D. not play
【答案】
①D查“疑问词+不定式”结构。由句意“－我将去哈尔滨过暑假，你呢？－我还没有决定去哪里。”decide后可接宾语从句，也可接“疑问词+不定式”结构。故排除A、B和C项。
② D考查非谓语动词的用法，invite的用法是 invite sb. to do sth. 故选 to practice。
③ A考查非谓语动词。不定式做tell的宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，对不定式进行否定在to前加not。即tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
五、双基达标
1. 单选
1. It’s wrong ________ not ________ her a letter.
A. of you；to write
B. for you；writing
C. of you；writing
D. for you；write
2. —I’m sorry，I ___ my exercise book at home.—Don’t forget ___ it to school tomorrow，please.
A. forget；to take
B. left；to bring
C. forget；to bring
D. left；to take
3. Before you go abroad，you need ________ about table manners in that country.
A. knew
B. known
C. to know
D. knowing
4. I need some paper ___.A. to write B. to write on C. to write in D. writing
5. —I have no pens ________. Could you please lend me one?—Sure. Here you are.
A. to write
B. to write down
C. to write with
D. to write in
6.—Do you think our football team will win the match? —Yes，we have better players. So I __ them to win.
A. hope
B. ask
C. help
D. expect
7. I am allowed ______ until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.
A. stay up
B. to stay up
C. staying up
D. to staying up
8. The “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers __their cars at home one day each month.
A. leave
B. leaving
C. to leave
D. to be left
9. —Do you like sports?
—Sure. I’m looking forward to _________ the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing on TV.
A. watch
B. watching
C. watch
D. watching
10. Good manners usually help people to ________ each other.
A. get on well with
B. get started
C. be friendly
D. get together
11. They prefer ____ TV to ________ newspapers.
A. watching；reading
B. watching；to read
C. to watch；read
D. to watch；
reading
12. —Oh，terrible! I forgot ________ the window. It’s windy.
—Really? Let’s go back home quickly.
A. closing
B. to close
C. closed
D. close
13. —Shopping with me?—Sorry，I have a lot of clothes ________.
A. to wash
B. washed
C. wash
D. to be washed
14. On her way home Lucy saw a thief _________ in a shop. She stopped ________ 110 at once.
A. steal；call
B. to steal；call
C. stealing；to call
D. stealing；calling
15. There are some dangerous fishes in this river，and I toldJack ________ here.
A. not to swim
B. to not swim
C. swim not to
D. to swim not
【答案】
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A
2、完型填空
Nowadays school students hardly pay much attention to sports. Is it because they don’t have any __1__ in sports? It may not be the __2__. They often say they have other more important things to do. What are these important things? __3__ ! They have to _4__ much time on all kinds of them at school. So many of them almost __5__ bookworms. Even in the holidays，they also review or prepare their lessons. Such things have __6__ them from going in for sports.
Because of the pressure from their parents and teachers they have to work harder. As for the students themselves，they went to get good results _7__ they can have further education. so it is _8_ that they give all of their time to their studies instead of their school sports. In fact，education can not go without physics exercises，because a quick mind _ 9 _ along with a weak body. If you don’t have a strong body，you can hardly __10__ in anything，let alone a great success in your life.
( ) 1. A. interest B. feelings C. thoughts D. fun
( ) 2. A. idea B. fact C. wish D. research
( ) 3. A. Sports B. Housework C. Exams D. Homework
( ) 4. A. give B. pay C. have D. spend
( ) 5. A. got B. grow C. become D. made
( ) 6. A. prevented B. protected C. held D. invited
( ) 7. A. when B. as C. so that D. if
( ) 8. A. interesting B. necessary C. terrible D. important
( ) 9. A. can go B. hardly goes C. easily goes D. runs quickly
( )10. A. give B. fail C. hand D. Succeed
【答案】
1—5 A B C D C 6—10 A C B B D
六、单元自测
1.单选
1. ______ the seeds and they will grow.
A. Water
B. To water
C. Watering
D. Watered
2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people.
A. provide
B. to provide
C. providing
D. provided
3. He arrived at the office early，______ a good example to the others.
A. set
B. to set
C. to be set
D. having set
4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting —I’ve got too much work ______.
A. to do to come
B. doing coming
C. to do coming
D. to do coming
5. We looked everywhere for the keys，but they are nowhere _____
A. to find
B. to have found
C. to be found
D. being found
6. After describing the planned improvements，she went on ______ how much they would cost.
A.to explain
B. explaining
C. to be explaining
D. having explained
7. To test eggs，______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad，if they sink they’re good.
A. put
B. putting
C. to put
D. to be putting
8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering
B. to be watering
C. to water
D. being watering
9. ______ wine，first you must press the grapes.
A. Making
B. To make
C. To be making
D. Make
10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal.
A.as to be not
B. not as to be
C. as not to be
D.as to not be
11. I don’t know whether to stay in teaching or ____another job.
A. trying getting
B. to try to get
C. trying to get
D. try get
12. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out —I don’t
want ______ like this.
A. to see
B. to be seeing
C. to be seen
D. being seen
13. In fact，she was the first woman ______to such a post.
A. to elect
B. to be electing
C. to have elected
D. to have been elected
14. I’d like ___over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.
A. flying
B. being flying
C. to be flying
D. be flying
15. I’m learning ______ a cake. Can you explain ______ one?
A. to make，to make
B. how to make，to make
C. to learn，how to make
D. making，making
16. Whom would you rather _____ with you，Jim or Jack?
A. have go
B. have to go
C. have gone
D. has to go
17. The husband advised ______to the south，but his wife advised him _____ up the idea.
A. moving，giving
B. to move，to give
C. moving，to give
D.to move，giving
18. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer ___，thank you.” A. not to B. to not C. not D. can’t
19. I would mend your radio，but I don’t know ______.
A. how
B. to
C. how to
D. to how
20. “I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose ______ to him?”
A. was happening
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. had happened
【答案】
1—5 ABBAC
6—10 AACBC
11—15 BCDCC
16—20 ACACC
2.句子翻译
1. 她喜欢谈论这件事情。
2. 他希望不久能找到工作。
3. 他答应不把这事告诉任何人。
【答案】
1. She loves to talk about the matter.
2. He hopes to find a job soon.
3．He promised not to tell anyone about it.
3. 知识运用
1）完形填空
Today young people are taking a more active part in online activities. Although the Internet can be 1 for students to collect information and communicate with their friends，teachers and parents are becoming more and more 2 about the unhealthy web content(内容) . They think that setting up "Harm-free(无害的)Internet Bars" is an important step to protect 3 .
It was Sunday afternoon and there were not many 4 seats in the Feiyu Internet Bar. A few teenagers were found playing games. An employee(雇员)was walking around 5 the Internet users' online activities.
"My job is to find anyone who is looking at harmful websites and then ask them not to do so，" he said. “This is 6 of the 'Harm-free Internet Bars' project..” Feiyu，a famous Internet Bar in Beijing，is 7 the first nineteen to join the harm-free Internet bar club.
In order to help start a better 8 for teenagers' online activities，China's Communist Youth League has brought out the program 9 "Harm-free Internet Bars for Teens".
Teachers and parents welcome the "Harm-free Internet Bars"，but what do many school students 10 them?
答案: 1-5 BADCB 6-10 ABCDC
4. 书面表达
卫生健康饮食:健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会，请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法，写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。（1）保持健康的重要性（2）保持健康的方法（3）保持健康的结论(4) 你的看法?
范文：
How to keep healthy /fit?
Here is my advice about how to keep healthy/fit. As a middle school student. first you’d better do more exercise such as playing ball games ，running，swimming and jumping ropes(绳子). Then you should pay attention to your diet or meals. Don’t eat too much meat or suger，but more vegetables and fruit. Third you need enough sleep or rest. Next keep yourself happy.As people often say smiling makes younger. Last you mustn’t drink wine or smoke .They are bad for your health. That is my advice. I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.
初二动词不定式练习题
动词不定式专项练习 一、动词不定式作主语 1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省) 2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省) 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区) 4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for，of B. of，for C. to，for D. of，to(安徽省) Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take，to，build 4. B ［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有： (1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth (3)It takes sb some time to do sth (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式 (1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see. It's for sb.和It's of sb. 1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 for 与of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。) A.It is right to stop killing wild animals. B.It is the best time to visit USA in summer. C.It is helpful for us to learn English well. 二、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) 3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省) Keys：1. C 2. A 3. D
动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce
动词不定式作宾语及双宾语结构解析【含答案】
动词不定式作宾语及双宾语结构解析 1. 我们经常需要表达“同意做某事” 或“决定做某事”等句子，这种一个句子连续出现两个动词的情况下，我们要用到动词不定式作宾语，即agree / decide to do sth.。初中阶段我们常见后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：plan，decide，want, agree, try, wait, wish, hope等。例如： I want to talk to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 2. 双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指动词所涉及的人。例如: They gave him a watch. 他们给了他一块手表。 这里的him是间接宾语，a watch是直接宾语，间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现时叫双宾语。 英语中，有许多及物动词后面能跟双宾语，如：give, bring, lend, pass, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell, write, buy, sing等。例如： He teaches us English. 他教我们英语。 The old man told us a story yesterday. 那位老人昨天给我们讲了一个故事。 ★注意：“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构一般可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for / to sb.”的结构。例如： She bought me some presents. =She bought some presents for me. 她给我买了一些礼物。 Please show me your new book. =Please show your new book to me. 请给我看看你的新书。 【跟踪练习】同义句改写，每空一词。 1. I hope I can get higher marks next time. I hope_______________ higher marks next time. 2. He makes a plan to do some sightseeing this summer holiday. He _____________________ do some sightseeing this summer holiday.
动词不定式
Ⅱ.动词不定式 （1）概念 当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？同学们自然会想到want to do sth, need to do sth和decide to do sth等表达方式。行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动原”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能做谓语。 （2）在句中充当宾语的成分，常见的后面接“to+动原”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, want, hope, offer, try, like, love, learn等。 e.g. I hope to understand more next time.我希望下次能懂得多一些。 （3）动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明，可用于“动词+宾语+动词不定式”，常见的单词有：allow, choose, want, tell, ask, invite, help等。 【注意】 a. 以上动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，若要表达否定的意思，要在to do前加not,构成not to do的形式。 e.g. Mr. Han told us not to make too much noise. b. 有些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，要将to省略，常见的动词有：make, let, have, hear, feel, see等。 e.g. I ‘ll have Tony show you around the school. （4）动词不定式作目的状语 表示“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的。在此情况下，不定式既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。 e.g. Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills.=To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained hard.迪伦刻苦训练以提高自己的篮球技能。Ⅲ. 双宾语 （1）表达“给某人某物”时就出现了两个动作的承受者，一个是物，一个是人。人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语。 e.g. It tells us the story of Wang Lifa and the customers of his teahouse in Beijing.该话剧为我们讲述的是北京一家茶馆的老板王利发和他的顾客们的故事。（采用了“动词+人+物”的表达方式） Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.老舍茶馆热情地欢迎来自世界各地的人们。（采用了“动词+物+人”的表达方式） （2）可以接双宾语的动词很多，常见的有：give, bring, lend, pass, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell等。 e.g. My brother bought me some storybooks. Can you pass me that pencil? 【注意】双宾语结构为“动词+物+人”时，间接宾语（人）前要加入适当的介词。根据动词的不同，有时用to，有时用for。 e.g. My brother bought some storybooks for me. 其他常用的结构包括： Cook sb sth= cook sth for sb send sb sth=send sth to sb Give sb sth= give sth to sb show sb sth= show sth to sb
双宾语和宾语补足语
双宾语和宾语补足语的区别? 英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。 句子结构为："主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语"。 如：My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑. 用来说明宾语的部分叫做宾语补足语.什么时候会出现宾语补足语呢?当一个句子有了（主+谓+宾）后,句意仍不清楚,这时补充一部分,句意就清楚了.如果这部分和宾语之间有逻辑上的“主+谓”的关系.也就是说,假设用宾语作主语,与后面的内容重新组成一个句子,其意义与原句的意义相符合,这时这部分就是宾语补足语.如果与原句意义不相符合,就是“双宾语”.如：1.We call her?这时主谓宾都有了,但句意不清楚,加上Sister Li后就完整了.如果我们用宾语做主语,就可写成She is Sister Li.此时,意义与原句相符合,所以Sister Li就是宾语补足语.2.I shall give you这时句子有了主谓宾,意义不完整.加上a dog?就完整了.但我们不能说You are dog,所以这时a dog是直接宾语.you是间接宾语. 双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的人.例如:They gave him a watch.这里的him 是间接宾语,a watch 是直接宾语,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,
动词不定式1与双宾语
动词不定式 当我们要表达“想要做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时我们用want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth.等表达方式。行为动词后面的动词都采用了”to+动词原形”的结构，这种结构称为不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。如： I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。 Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： ①在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 ②在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in.我没看见你进来。 ③在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。 Why not study with us？为什么不和我们一起学呢？ Why not take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday？为什么不休个假呢? ④不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。 I have no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实我别无选择。 What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？ ⑤为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。 I’m really puzzled what to think or say.对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。 二、动词不定式的语法作用 动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。 那么英语中的动词不定式都可以表示什么意思呢？有什么样的语法功能呢？ 1. 动词不定式在句子中作主语。
中考英语：从两道例题看双宾语和复合宾语的区别
中考英语：从两道例题看双宾语和复合宾语 的区别 1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon. A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish 解析：不可用复合宾语，A不对；不可用ing形式，C 不对；D 时态不对，所以选择B. 2. Jim’s father said to him,”I hope you ____ what I _____ you to buy.” A. didn’t forget; told B. no to forget; have told C. won’t forget; have told D. haven’t forgotten; will tell 解析：不可跟复合宾语A、B错;D 时态不对，C 宾语从句，时态也对; 语法对接：某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语或复合宾语，这两种宾语的形式虽然相似，但结构与意义却不同。那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢? (1) 从动词上区分。 一些动词后面常跟双宾语，这类动词有give，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing 等。例如：
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。 一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。例如： We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。 (2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分 在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。例如： She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.). He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.). We call him Lao Li(n.). Don’t keep the light on(adv.). They must keep their hands behind their backs I won’t let you try again。 The other students in the class keep their eyes closed。 3)从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。 在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子
特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构以及句法功能
“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法 一、“疑问词+不定式”结构中。疑问代词who, what, which 等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及连接副词whether与不定式连用构成不定式短语（这个不定时短语相当于一个名词）。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。注意：疑问副词why后不能跟动词不定式作主语 Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。 （作主语，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式） Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么,已经不像以前那么简单了。 作宾语 I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。 （作动词know的宾语） We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。（作介词of的宾语）
作表语 The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语） 作宾语补语 I asked her how to learn English.我问她如何学英语。 （用双宾语，宾语补足语） 做状语 She was at a loss what to do.她不知如何是好。（做状语） 做同位语 The question whether to confess troubled the girl. 是否要坦白的问题使姑娘很烦恼。（做同位语） I have no idea which one to take.我不知道拿哪个好。（同位语） 二、“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词后作宾语，类似的动词有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, remember等。如： 1，I’ll show you how to do it.我要让你看看如何做这件事。, 2，You’d better find out where to put it. 你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。 作双重宾语（宾语补足语）：某些动词后面可接"sb.＋疑问词＋不定式"构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。例如：
动词不定式作宾语
一）动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式作宾语，表明意图，希望或决定的容。 1.有些及物动词如afford，need，agree，ask，decide，choose，hope，offer，plan，hate，refuse等用不定式做宾语，结构为“动词+不定式”。 He offered to help me.他表示愿意帮助我。He decided to buy a new car. 他决定买辆新车。 2.有些动词如ask，help，like，love，need，prefer，want，choose等除了可以用不定式作宾语，还可以用不定式作补语，即：动词+宾语+不定式。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 3.有些动词或动词词组如decide, know, show ,tell, forget, remember, learn ,find out 等可以用“疑问词加不定式”结构作宾语。 Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。 They haven’t decided whether to accept the invitation.他们还没有决定是否接受邀请。 4.find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to do sth.句型中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.楼下的人发觉难以入睡。 I feel it my duty to help them.我感到帮助他们是我的责任。 5.动词forget，remember，stop，go on等之后接V-ing 形式和不定式作宾语意义差别较大。 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事 （二）双宾语 当动词有两个宾语时，一般结构是：动词+人+物，我们把这种结构称作双宾语。其中人被称做间接宾语，物被称作直接宾语。 He give her some money.= He give some money to her. My parents bought me a computer.=My parents bought a computer for me. 3.动词跟双宾语，间接宾语改为由介词to 或for引起的短语时，用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。由to引出间接宾语的动词有：bring，give，show，pass，lend，take，tell，hand，offer，pay等。用for引出间接宾语的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read, choose, draw, find, get 等 He shows a picture to me.他向我展示了一幅图画。 She made a beautiful dress for me.她为我做了一件漂亮的衣服。
动词不定式专项练习【含答案】
动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成 形式构成例子 动词肯定式to(不定式符号)+动词原形to speak 不否定式not+to+动词原形not to speak 定式疑问式疑问词+to+动词原形how to speak 不to+动词原形+宾语to speak English 定to+动词原形+状语to speak loudly 式to+动词原形+宾语+状语to speak English loudly 短语to+be+表语to be a teacher 2.动词不定式的功能 功能结构特点例句 主 a.常用it做形式主语，动词不定式做It’s useful for us to learn English well 真正的主语，放在句子后面。基本结构是学好英语对我们来说是很有用的。 语It is/was +adj.(for/of sb.)+to do sth b.常用It takes sb sometime to do sth.结构It took me ten minutes to get there. 宾 a.用在及物动词之后I want to buy a computer. b.常用it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的I think it important to learn English well. 宾语，放在句子的后面。基本结构我认为学好英语很重要。 语是：主语+谓语动词+it+adj.+to do sth 表语 a.用在连系动词之后my job is to feed animals. 定 a.动词不定式做定语时应后置，表示将要发生I want to the first one to get to the top of the 语的动作。被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语。mountain. 我想成为第一个到达山顶的人。 宾语 a.用在宾语之前，否定形式一般是在The teacher told you not to talk in class. 补足语不定式前加not 状语 a.表示目的I usually go to see my grandparents. b.表示原因I’m glad to see you here. c.表示结果the shoes are too small for me to wear. d.表示程度tom is old enough to go to school. 说明：为避免重复使用动词，常用to代替不定式短语。 --would you like to go swimming? --yes, I’d love to . 用法诀窍：to加动原是不定，非谓不做谓语用。有时有态无人称，功能如同名副形。可做宾状主表定，疑问副代可连用。宾补有to无to分两种，to前加not是否定。
动词不定式做主语-宾语-及双宾语结构
动词不定式（the ｉnfiｎitivｅ）用法梳理（1) 定义: 动词不定式是由“不定式符号ｔo+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 结构：“to +动词原形”，即“tｏdo”,其中ｔo不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为: noｔ / neｖer + to do 句法功能: 一、用作主语 ＼o＼ac(○,1)多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。 E.ｇ.Ｔo leaｒｎEnglｉsh weｌlｉsｎot easy.= It’s nｏt easｙｔo learｎＥnglish ｗell. １.I t is ouｒｄｕty to try our bｅst ｔo ｄｅａl with theｓe proｂlemｓ． 2. Ｔhe heａd teａcherｓaｉｄit was necessaｒｙto talk with hｉs mｏtｈｅr. 错误!动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Ｔo see iｓto beｌieve.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。. 错误!疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。 Hｏw tｏlｅarn Englｉsh ｗelｌis important. 补充:用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①Ｉｔ＋be＋名词＋to do It's ｏur ｄutｙｔo taｋe good cａre of ｔhe old. ②It takes sb + some timｅ+to do How lonｇdiｄit taｋe ｙou tｏfinish thｅｗoｒｋ？ ③It＋be＋形容词＋ｆoｒｓｂ+to do逻辑主语 Iｔis diffiｃulｔｆor us tｏfiniｓh wｒitｉng tｈe compｏsitiｏn a quaｒter ofａn hoｕr. ④It+be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do“Iｔｉs stupiｄｏf ｙou ｔo ｗrｉtｅｄowｎevｅｒything”, thｅtea ｃhｅr says． 注意：在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：ｄｉｆficuｌｔ，eａsy, hard，importａnt, impoｓｓible, nec ｅｓsary等;在④中，常用cａrelesｓ, clever, ｇood，ｆoolish，hｏnest，kiｎd, ｌazy, ｎice, right, sil ｌｙ, stupiｄ，ｗiｓｅ等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。 在不定式前的sｂ.,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. ｉs+形容词＋to do句式,
动词不定式做主语,宾语,及双宾语结构
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1） 定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为：not / never + to do 句法功能： 用作主语 ○1多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。 . To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well. 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. 2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. ○2动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。. ○3疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。 How to learn English well is important. 补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says. 注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。 在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is＋形容词＋to do句式， 如：It's kind of you to help me with my English. = You are kind to help me with my English. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 【练习】1. It’s very nice of them (send) me the flowers. 2. (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) English well very important. 4. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans 5. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover. 7. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法 动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成（有时可以不带to）。其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”（not不与助动词连用）。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛，在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。 一、作宾语 （1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask，agree，beg，decide，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，wish及would like/love等动词，但finish，enjoy，miss，appreciate，mind，advise，suggest等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如： I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。 She enjoys reading very much. 她非常喜欢读书。 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 （2）动词不定式与名词构成复合宾语时，通常要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。例如： I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。 I found it difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的。 二、双宾语 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。 Please show me your passport. 请把护照给我看一下。（your passport是直接宾语，me是间接宾语） 间接宾语可以用一个由to表示动作方向或for表示动作目标引起的短语来表示。这时，间接宾语置于直接宾语之后。我们可以把上面例句改写为： Please show your passport to me. 常见的可以接双宾语的动词有：give，bring，lend，pass，send，show，leave，buy，tell，teach，sell等。
动词不定式主动形式表被动
动词不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况 1.不定式作定语：其逻辑主语时句子的主语，间接宾语或说话人时，不定式用 主动形式表被动。 常出现在以下结构中： There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式 及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+修饰宾语的不定式 主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式 eg. He has a family to support.(他要支撑一个家庭) I’ll give him some books to read.（我要给他写书看看） He set us a good example to follow.（他位我们树立了学习的好榜样） 注：在?there be?句型中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某事时，用动词不定式的主动式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时，则用动词不定式的被动形式。Eg, there is a lot of work to do.(有许多工作要（人）去做/需要人去做工作) There is a lot of work to be done.(有许多工作/工作需要被做) 2.不定式作表语形容词的状语.在?主语+be +形容词+不定式?句式中，不定式 如与句子的主语具备逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动意义。 Eg. That question is easy to answer. Chicken’s legs are nice to eat. Good novels are interesting to read. English is easy to learn. 3.在?主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补+to do?结构中，宾语是动词不定式 的逻辑宾语，而句子的主语可能是动词不定时的逻辑主语，也可能不是。此时，也用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义 Eg. I found the fellow hard to get along with..(我发现那家伙很难相处) He made his lessons easy to understand.(他的可让人容易理解) 4. 4. 动词不定式前面可以加上疑问代词构成?疑问代词+to do?结构。在这个 结构中，尽管动词不定式与疑问代词之间存在这逻辑上的动宾关系，却用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 Eg. The question is what to do next.（问题是下一步做什么） I don’t know what measures to take to solve this difficult problem.（我不 知道该采取什么措施来解决这个问题） 5. 有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的，如to let(出租)，to blame(责备)只用主动形式表被动意义。 Eg. Who is to blame for starting the fire?（这场火灾该由谁负责）The house is to let.（此房出租） A lot remains to do.(还剩下许多事情要做)