2020新课改版高中英语北师大版必修3教参教案 教师用书全册

Learning to Learn

Ⅰ.根据首字母提示及英文释义写出单词

1．participate: to take part in an activity or event

2．actress: a female actor

3．writer: a person who is able to write and has written something professional

4．collection: a number of things that have been gathered together

5．hunt: to try to catch or kill animals

6．sign: a mark, word, picture or movement to show something

7．arrange: to organize or make plans

8．Evaluate: to judge how good, useful, or successful something is

Ⅱ.补全短语

1．keep in mind记住

2．fill out 填写

3．on one's own 独自地，独立地

4．look up 查阅；抬头往上看

5．more than 不止；多于；不只是；不仅仅

6．as soon as possible 尽快

7．keep the time 守时

8．feel free 随便

1. What if somebody in my group isn't doing any work?

倘若我的小组内某个人什么工作也不做该怎么办？

[句式分析]what if意为“如果……将会怎么样”，其完整结构为“What will/would happen if ...？”。

[佳句赏析]火车如果晚点会怎么样呢？

What if the train is late?

2．... so it's good to learn how to do it now.

……最好现在知道如何做。

[句式分析]在句式It is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.中，it为形式主语，to do 为真正主语。

[佳句赏析]掌握一门外语很重要。

It's important to master a foreign language.

3．If not, then your group should arrange to meet outside of school hours and choose a time that's best for most people in the group.

如果完不成，那么你们组应该安排在课余时间见面，选择一个对你们组大多数人都适合的时间。

[句式分析]“If not”为条件状语从句的省略形式，其完整结构为：“If you don't get all your work done during school-time”。

[佳句赏析]明天早起，不然你会错过首班车的。

Get up early tomorrow. If not, you'll miss the first bus.

1．There are some important things to keep in mind for group work.(P4)

有些重要的东西应记在心里来进行小组活动。

★keep ... in mind记住(＝bear ... in mind/learn ...by heart)

这些电话号码必须记住。

②He's made up his mind to resign.

他已下定决心辞职。

③I was afraid that Mary would change her mind and take me back home.

我怕玛丽会改变主意带我回家。

[语境串记]He has made up his mind to bear/keep the poem in mind. I believe nothing can change his mind.

他已下定决心记住这首诗。我相信没有什么能改变他的主意。

2．I also want you to remember that you should all actively participate in the discussion.(P4) 我也要你们记住你们都应该积极地参加讨论。

★participate vi.参加

①I don't know she didn't participate in the discussion.

我不知道她没有参加讨论。

②I'd like to participate with you in sufferings.

我愿意和你共患难。

[辨析比较]

participate, take part in, join, join in, attend

③He joined us in the discussion yesterday.

④It's said that he joined the army last year.

⑤We take part in all kinds of after-school activities to keep fit.

⑥How many people participated in the rescue work after the earthquake?

⑦Tom as well as my classmates attended my wedding last night.

3．I will be watching this closely and asking everyone to fill out a form after you've done it to evaluate group members' performance.(P4)

我会密切关注这次讨论，完成后我会让每位同学填一张表，以此来评定小组内每位成员的表现。

★fill out填写(表格)

请填一下这张表，并在这儿签上您的名字。

②Fill up his glass with beer, please.

请给他的杯子斟满啤酒。

③Her eyes were filled with/were full of tears.

她的双眼噙满了泪水。

[名师点津]fill in/out/up都有“填写”之意；而fill做及物动词时，有“充满，盛满，装满”之意，无“填写”的意思。

4．If not, then your group should arrange to meet outside of school hours and choose a time that's best for most people in the group.(P4)

否则，你们小组就要在放学后安排一个对大多数组员最佳的时间见面了。

★arrange vt.& vi.安排；筹划vt.排列；整理

戴维安排人开车送他回家。

②Have you arranged to meet (meet) Mark this weekend?

你安排这个周末和马克见面吗？

③With Christmas drawing near, we have already made arrangements (arrange) for our vacation.

圣诞节临近，我们已经为假期做了安排。

5．Some chimpanzees have learnt sign language, but they can only copy language — they don't really communicate.(P5)

一些黑猩猩虽然学会了手势语，但它们只是去模仿语言——它们并没有真正地交流。

★sign n．手势；符号；招牌；迹象vt.签署；签名vi.做手势，示意

写出下列句中sign的含义

①He signed his name on the cheque. 签(名)

②She signed to the child to be quiet. 做手势，示意

③The fact that he's eating more is a sign that he's feeling better. 迹象

④The sign on the wall said “No Smoking”．招牌

⑤He made a sign to me to leave the room. 手势

⑥You've left out a plus sign. 符号

She signed to us to stop (stop) talking.

她做手势示意我们不要讲话。

⑧For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building and sign out when you leave.

基于安全考虑，请在抵达大楼时签到，离去时签退。

⑨I'm ready to sign up for the mid-July group.

我准备报名参加7月中旬那个团。

6．... you had to look up in a dictionary.(P5)

……你得在字典中查阅。

★look up查阅(词典等)；向上看

①When he looked up, he saw the boss.

他抬起头时看到了老板。

[辨析比较]look up, refer to

②I looked up Tom's phone number in the telephone directory; in other words, I referred to the telephone directory for Tom's phone number.

[名师点津]look短语一览

③Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.

警察正在调查两个孩子失踪的事。

7．If there is more than one definition, use the context to help you decide.(P5)

如果有不止一种释义，就利用上下文来帮你做决定。

★more than超过，多于；不仅仅；非常；超出……的

写出下列句中more than的含义

①The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can describe. 超出……的

②I think China Daily is more than a newspaper，it keeps us in touch with the world.

不仅仅

③I'm more than pleased to help you. 非常

④For safety's sake, don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city.

超过，多于

1. What if somebody in my group isn't doing any work?

倘若我的小组内某个人什么工作也不做该怎么办？

★本句中what if ...?“倘若……将会怎么样(办)？”，后面跟一个句子，相当于What will/would happen if ...?

我们明晚去看电影好吗？

②—Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?

—What for?

——苏姗，你可以去清空那个抽屉吗？

——为什么？

③What about going (go) skiing this weekend?

这个周末去滑雪怎么样？

④What does it matter if we meet with some difficulties?

即使我们遇到一些困难，那又有什么关系呢？

2．... so it's good to learn how to do it now.

……最好现在知道如何做。

(1)本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是to learn how to do it now。

①It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.

掌握至少两门外语对于当代年轻人来说是很重要的。

(2)it作形式主语，真正的主语可以是不定式、动名词和名词性从句。用it作形式主语的结构主要用于下列句型：

It was pretty hard for him to bring (bring) up the child on his own.

他很难独自养育孩子。

③It is no use talking (talk) to him about it.

和他谈论此事没用。

④It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.

你对这个问题做了这样的回答，令人吃惊。

⑤It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.

据说李浩已经去过欧洲了。

[课时跟踪检测]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Li Xiang didn't participate (参加) in the match because he hurt his foot.

2．They evaluated (评估) the country's progress and set new directions for China.

3．In fact, Adam says the difference of opinion is a good sign (迹象)．

4．Forges and I have arranged (安排) to meet in his office one day in September.

5．She is a famous actress (女演员) who is known to us all.

6．The painting comes from his private collection (收藏)．

7．Lions sometimes hunt (狩猎) alone.

8．Children like dolphins (海豚) very much because they are so lovely.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1. It is no use reasoning (reason) with him.

2．You'd better get your hair cut (cut)．

3．Many countries participated in the war which broke out in Libya.

4．When I came in, he was filling out an application form for the job.

5．A working party has been set up to look into the problem.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．这个故事让我想起了发生在我身上的一件奇怪的事。The story brings to mind a strange thing that happened to me. 2．你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。

I'll go if you're going. If not, I'd rather stay at home.

3．你可以在网上查一下这则新闻吗？我想多了解一下。Can you look up the news on the internet? I want to know more. 4．救援时如果有余震怎么办？

What if there are aftershocks in the rescue work?

你知道吗？虎鲸竟然有它们代代相传的文化。

Intelligence of killer whales

Killer whales① have the second-heaviest brains among marine mammals (after Sperm whales, which have the largest brain of any animal). They can be trained in captivity②and are often descri bed as intelligent, although defining and measuring “intelligence” is difficult in a species whose environment and behavioral strategies are very different from③ those of humans.

Killer whales imitate④ others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the Crozet Islands, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed.

People who have interacted closely with killer whales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating⑤the whales' curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines, but also have overcome a variety of⑥techniques designed⑦to stop them, such as the use of unrated⑧lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving⑨ small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. A researcher described what happened next: The killer whale's use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described⑩ as a form of animal culture.

[多积词汇]

①killer whale 虎鲸

②captivity n．囚禁；关押

③be different from 与……不同

④imitate v．模仿

⑤demonstrate v．证明

⑥a variety of 各种各样的

⑦design v．设计；安排

⑧unrated adj 未分级的；未征税的

⑨retrieve v．恢复，取回

⑩describe v．描述

Section ⅠWarm-up & Lesson 1 — Pre-reading

[原文呈现]

VIKING VOYAGES①TO AMERICA

The Vikings② were the first Europeans to reach America③. They achieved④ this long before⑤Columbus ever set sail⑥.

The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors⑦came from Scandinavia⑧. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD⑨. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live⑩. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red?decided to set sail further?west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland?.

[读文清障]

①voyage/'v?IId?/n．航海；航空

②Viking/'vaIkI?/n．维京人，北欧海盗

③名词中心词被序数词或the last 等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。

④achieve v t.实现，到达achievement n．成就，功绩

⑤long before 很久以前before long 不久以后

⑥set sail启航

⑦ancestor/'?nsεst?/n．祖先，祖宗

⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰a group of people。

⑨AD n．公元BC n．公元前

⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰Northern Europe。

?过去分词作后置定语。

?further/'f??e?/ad v.更远，较远

further 是far 的比较级。

?现在分词短语作后置定语。

北欧海盗航行到美洲

[第1～2段译文]

北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。

北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10 000名北欧海盗。

According to?the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，?for which he got into trouble?. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded?some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to?Greenland?.

Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland?， a man celled Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of○21Eric's party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off○22course○23and found himself in○24an unknown○25land，from where he eventually○26reached Greenland○27.

?according to根据，依照

?for which引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词a murder。

?get into trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境

?persuade/p?'sweId/v t.说服，劝服

persuade sb. to do sth. ＝persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服、劝服某人做某事

?make it to到达make it 获得成功，准时到达

?of which引导非限制性定语从句。

?Not long after 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。

21in search of寻找，寻求

○

22blow off吹离，吹掉blow away 吹走，驱散

○

23course n．航线，路线，方向

○

24“find oneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。

○

25unknown/??n'n??n/adj.不知道的，未知的

○

26eventually/I'vent???li/ad v.最终，终于

○

27from where引导定语从句，修饰an unknown land。

○

[第3～4段译文]

根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。,埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。

In the year 1002, when Eric the Red's son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni's directions○28and sailed to what is believed to be○29the coast of present-day○30Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as○31Newfoundland.

We know about Eric the Red and Leif's deeds○32through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing○33to the Americas.

28follow one's directions 依照某人的指点

○

29be believed to be 被认为是

○

30present-day/?prez?n t'deI/adj.当今的，现代的

○

31be known as 作为……而出名

○

be famous as 作为……而出名

32deed/di?d/n．行为，行动

○

do a good deed 做一件好事

33Europeans sailing ... 是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。

○

[第5～6段译文]

1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。,我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克·雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。

根据首字母提示及英文释义写出单词

1．voyage: a long journey involving travel by sea or in space

2．ancestor: a person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended

3．further: beyond the point already reached or the

distance already covered

4．persuade: to cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument

5．eventually: in the end, especially after a long delay，

dispute, or series of problems

6．deed: a thing that sb. does that is usually very good or very bad

7．lecture: an educational talk to an audience, especially students in a university

8．apologise: to express regret for something that one has

done wrong

1．How many navigators (航海家) do you know about? Please write down their names.

Zheng He, Magellan (麦哲伦), V asco da Gama (达·伽马), Bartholomeu Dias (迪亚斯), James Cook (库克船长), Christopher Columbus (哥伦布)。

2．Match the following navigators with their main sailing experiences.

a ．sailed directly from Europe to India

b ．led seven expeditions to what the Chinese called “the Western Ocean” (Indian Ocean)

c ．le

d to general European awareness of th

e American continents d ．sailed around the southernmost tip o

f Africa in 1488 答案：(1)～(4)

cbad

Ⅰ.Read for the details True (T ) or False (F )．

1．Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings.( ) 2．The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia.( ) 3．Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD.( ) 4．Eric the Red left Iceland because he had committed a murder.( ) 5．All of Eric's twenty-five ships reached Greenland successfully.( ) 6．Leif chose different directions from Biarni's and sailed to Canada.( ) 答案：1～6 FTFTFF Ⅱ.Read for the structure

Read the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.

The Spirit of Explorers

1．According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。

2．Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。

[课时跟踪检测]

阅读理解

A

Satellites in space measure temperatures over large areas of the ocean. They are, however, less specific when it comes to measuring temperatures along the coast. However, there is a new solution.

Scientists want people who do water sports to help them gather coastal climate data. This includes surfers, divers and fishermen. The idea came from new data collected by scientists who are also surfers. The group was led by a scientist in England named Bob Brewin. The group designed a

surfboard that could be their laboratory. The results show different water temperatures than what the satellites have shown.

Coastlines are important to the economy. Large amounts of people use them for business and fun. Coastlines are also important for the environment because they are home to many different plants and animals.

Brewin says satellite data alone cannot be trusted. So, his team wants volunteers to gather data during their water activities. The information the volunteers find will be used along with satellite readings. The scientists think this will result in more accurate information.“We can begin to understand how our coastal environment is responding to climate change，” Brewin said.

They want surfers to check water surfaces and divers to measure temperatures deeper in the water. The information would then go into the scientists' database. Meanwhile, a group of scientists from Europe had another idea. The group is interested in boots that some fishermen use. These boots sense water temperatures. The scientists think the fishermen who wear those boots could be connected to a data-collection system.

Many water sports take place in areas that are important for sea life. These locations can be difficult to check, Brewin says. For example, ocean waves can ruin data-collection floats and boats. So, coastal sea-surface temperature records are poor.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家依靠冲浪者、潜水者和渔民获取有关海岸线温度的信息。

1．What's the problem with satellites?

A．They can't measure temperatures over the ocean.

B．They can't locate coasts very accurately.

C．They might provide unreliable data.

D．They break down frequently.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are, however, less specific when it comes to measuring temperatures along the coast”可知，当涉及到海岸线温度时，卫星提供的信息不可靠。

2．What did Brewin's team do?

A．They turned a surfboard into a lab.

B．They did research on water sports.

C．They made efforts to learn surfing.

D．They made friends with fishermen.

解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The group designed a surfboard that could be

their laboratory”可知，以Brewin为首的科学家们把冲浪板改成了实验室。

3．How can volunteers help Brewin?

A．Analyze satellite readings.

B．Compare data from different sources.

C．Wear boots designed by Brewin's group.

D．Go into waters of different depths to collect data.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They want surfers to check water surfaces and divers to measure temperatures deeper in the water”可知，科学家希望志愿者们进入不同深度的海水中进行数据收集。

4．Why is it difficult to check the temperature of coastlines?

A．Surfers face great danger.

B．Beaches cover huge areas.

C．Data-collection boats are too big.

D．Waves damage the measuring equipment.

解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For example, ocean waves can ruin data-collection floats and boats”可知，海浪会毁掉测量设备，这使得对海岸线温度的监测变得异常困难。

B

There are eight species of dolphins in Hawaii. The bottle-nosed dolphin is the most common type of dolphin. This name came from its longer upper and lower jaws.

This dolphin is a very loving and friendly animal. There are cases of

dolphins that rescue injured divers in the ocean.

In Hawaii, you can experience swimming with dolphins. There

are several companies on Oahu and the Big Island that offer a swim

with these animals in the wild. These kinds of tours usually are

combined with water sports such as snorkel (水下呼吸管) or scuba diving.

Dolphins are protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act and it is against the law to become closer than 50 yards (45 m)to them. But these friendly animals can approach to check you out. You have to consider that if dolphins prefer to keep away, you should not try to swim close to them. If dolphins come close while you are swimming in the ocean, don't attempt to touch them and don't make aggressive or sudden movements.

At the Sea Life Park on Oahu, they have special dolphin programs that allow you to swim and hug dolphins, besides, you'll learn about these mammals' habits. The Dolphin Quest program will explain to you why dolphins are considered one of the most intelligent creatures.

Swimming with dolphins is one of the most attractive activities if you come to Hawaii. But Hawaii's underwater world is amazing and has many other species to watch：Humpback whales，Green sea turtles，Monk seals and so on.

While you get in touch with this underworld，always have in mind the main rule of the ocean respect: Look but don't touch.

语篇解读：本文向读者介绍在夏威夷和海豚一起游泳时需要注意的几点事项。

5．What's the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．Dolphins in Hawaii have long-bottle noses.

B．Dolphins in Hawaii love friends.

C．Dolphins in Hawaii always save the divers.

D．Dolphins in Hawaii are explained in brief.

解析：选D段落大意题。第一段简单地介绍了夏威夷海域里海豚的情况。

6．According to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, when you swim in the ocean you .

A．have to follow the dolphins

B．must stay close to the dolphins

C．should keep a distance from the dolphins

D．can't move with the dolphins

解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Dolphins are protected ... to them.”可知，人们要与海豚保持一定的距离，否则就触犯了法律。

7．If you want to know something about dolphins' life, you can .

A．travel to the Big Island now and then

B．obey the Marine Mammal Protection Act

C．turn to the dolphin programs at the Sea Life Park

D．live with the dolphins for a long time on Oahu

解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段可知，从这些节目中可以了解海豚的生活习性。

8．When travelling around Hawaii's underwater world, you can do all of the following EXCEPT .

A．swim with dolphins

B．have a hug with dolphins

C．watch other animals besides dolphins

D．touch every animal

解析：选D推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，在夏威夷海底世界有些动物不能触摸。

C

Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.

For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.

Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.

The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of －1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to －2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.

The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange things made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its anti-freeze quality and a lowered freezing point.

Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the anti-freeze fish glycoprotein or AFGP.

语篇解读：本文主要讲述了对一种能够生活在南极冰冷海洋中的鱼的研究。

9．What is the text mainly about?

A．The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.

B．A special fish living in freezing waters.

C．The ice shelf around Antarctica.

D．Protection of the Antarctic cod.

解析：选B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了对一种能够生活在南极冰冷的海水中的鱼的研究，因此B项是文章的中心意思。

10．Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?

A．The seawater has a temperature of －1.88℃.

B．It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.

C．A special protein keeps it from freezing.

D．Its blood has a temperature lower than －2.05℃.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据文中第五段的说明可以知道：正是这种特殊的蛋白

质使得这种鱼在南极海水中生活而不至于被冰冻。

11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．A type of ice-salt mixture.

B．A newly found protein.

C．Fish blood.

D．Sugar molecule.

解析：选B代词指代题。根据文中的叙述可以判断出该物质就是帮助这种鱼生活在南极海水中的神奇的蛋白质。

12．What does “glyco-”in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?

A．sugar B．ice

C．blood D．molecule

解析：选A词义猜测题。根据“Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein.”这句话可以推断出前缀“glyco-”应该和sugar有关。

Section ⅡWarm-up & Lesson 1 — Language Points

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．We have persuaded him to accept our ideas.

2．You've been in prison six times according (根据) to our records.

3．They apologised for the late departure of this flight.

4．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and eventually (最终) works for The Times.

5．Many experts think the common ancestor(s) (祖先) lived at least seven million years ago.

6．The voyage took months and first brought him to Moscow, then westward.

7．She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit (精神)．

8．All CEOs love a good well-prepared 90-minute lecture.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1．explorer n．探险家→explore v t.探险

2．unknown adj.不知道的，未知的→known adj.出名的，已知的

3．frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→fright n．惊吓；恐怖→frighten v t.使惊吓；使惊恐→frightened adj.惊吓的；受惊的；害怕的

4．sailor n．水手，海员→sail v i.(船) 航行；(人) 乘船航行