专业英语试题

专业英语试题

I CLOZE TEXT：

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine _______(51）in eight students at a New York preparatory school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only _______(52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.

More than 100 students were absent from _______(53) due to flu-like symptoms last week.New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably _______(54) from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the _______(55) on Sunday, Bloomberg said.

The announcement brings the _______(56) of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg said there is no _______(57) of a citywide outbreak of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at _______(58) schools.

Some students at the school _______(59) spring break in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined _______(60) any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but

_______(61) on the flu to someone else, he noted.

Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to _______(62) home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.

If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is _______(63) need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as _______(64) any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.

St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two

days._______(65) whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don't know. "

1. A. fever B. cold C. sickness D. flu

2. A. severe B. mild C. physical D. typical

3. A. hospital B. school C. work D. home

4. A. recovering B. learning C. escaping D. suffering

5. A. choice B. treatment C. diagnosis D. doubt

6. A. number B. spread C. size D. amount

7. A. chance B. sign C. news D. hope

8. A. much B. other C. another D. few

9. A. traveled B. closed C. spent D. lasted

10. A. why B. whether C. how D. when

11. A. passed B. kept C. rolled D. swept

12. A. return B. stay C. leave D. go

13. A. no B. some C. any D. great

14. A. upon B. with C. along D. down

15. A. Told B. Tested C. Greeted D. Asked

II READING COMPREHENSION:

Passage 1:

Wayne Beno was a true outdoorsman.Fishing,boating,hunting,walking through the woods

with his three dogs,Wayne loved and did it all.Then life changed dramatically.Wayne was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

"For the next thirteen years I took 28 pills a day,had horrible side effects,and even with all those pills I still had lots of shaking and tremors.I only went out during peak times,when I was looking and feeling my best.But that wasn't often and I really couldn't do much of anything.I felt like the life I loved was over,"said Wayne.

Then Wayne's doctor in Green Bay suggested he consider a breakthrough surgical option being offered at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin called Deep Brain Stimulation DBS）.DBS is a surgical option used to treat disabling movement disorders related to Parkinson's disease,essential tremor and more.It is not a cure,but significant improvement is seen in most movement disorder cases,with relatively low risk to the patient.

In addition to his doctor's recommendation,Wayne had a neighbor and fishing friend who had the DBS procedure at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin.His friend's experience convinced Wayne that the 180-mile trip from his home in Crivitz,Wisconsin could be well worth the effort.And was it ever.

"It was the best thing I ever did.I'm down to zero pills a day and I don't shake at all,"reports Wayne."Before the surgery,I felt bad every single day.Now I feel like my old self.I'm back to business as usual,which for me means fishing,fishing,and more fishing,every day of the

year.Things just couldn't be any better!"

16.Before getting Parkinson's disease,Wayne loved

A.social activities.

B.outdoor activities.

C.productive activities.

D.quiet activities.

17.What was true of the pills Wayne took for 13 years?

A.They cured his disease.

B.They produced terrible side effects.

C.They stopped his shaking and tremors.

D.They enabled him to go out as often as before.

18.Deep Brain Stimulation is most effective for

A.mental disorders.

B.chronic diseases.

C.permanent brain injuries.

D.disabling movement disorders.

19.Wayne had a neighbor and fishing friend who

A.worked as a doctor.

B.was against the DBS procedure.

C.benefited from the DBS procedure.

D.was a victim of the DBS procedure.

20.After the surgery,Wayne felt

https://www.360docs.net/doc/863357840.html,pletely recovered.

B.bad every single day.

C.pain every now and then.

D.worse than before the surgery.

Passage 2:

Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.

The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in l 955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By l 995, life expectancy was 75. 8 years, and by 2005, it had risen to 77. 9 years, according to the report released Wednesday。

"This is good news." said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. “It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."

Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower Life expectancy than some 40

0ther countries, according to the U. S. Census Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.

Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke. In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than 800 deaths per l00, 000.

Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, "News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."

Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cut out for us." he said.

21. Since l 955. Life expectancy rates in the U. S. have

A moved up and down。

B been declining.

C remained steady.

D been on the rise.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/863357840.html,pared with the country with the longest Life expectancy, the U. S. is

A nearly 3 years behind.

B nearly 4 years behind.

C nearly 6 years behind.

D nearly 8 years behind。

23. The increase in the U. S. Life expectancy is mostly due to

A declining death rates from heart disease. cancer and stroke.

B increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries.

C a rise in the rate of chronic disease.

D a declining birth rate.

24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A The U. S. Life expectancy is at an all-time high.

B The U. S. death rate was at an all. time low in 2005.

C Chronic disease appears to be at an all. time high in the U. S.

D The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per l00. 000.

25. The expression "adding vital life to years" in the last paragraph means

A living longer.

B living well。

C living longer and well.

D living at any cost.

Passage 3:

Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers." Hope is an important part of happiness, " said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "

The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.

At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.

" We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, " says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine."The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "

" Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says. "I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "

26. Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.

A. if they keep thinking of their past

B. if they believe they'll recover

C. if they put off moving on

D. if they manage to get on with their life

27.What had happened to the patients under study?

A. They had just survived an accident.

B. They had just had an operation.

C. They had just injured their colons.

D. They had just made some pouches.

28.One group of the patients was happier because ________.

A. they made the best of their current situation

B. they were good at playing function

C. they regarded normal bowel function

D. they were promised another operation

29.The other group was not as happy because ________.

A. they accepted their current situation

B. they were anxious to get better

C. they missed their previous life

D. they refused to play cards

30.What could be the message of the passage?

A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.

B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.

C. Hope is what makes people move on.

D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.

Passage 4:

College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls，according to University of North Texas researchers.

They had 824 undergraduate students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people

“The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding，sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future．along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep，”study co-author Daniel J Taylor said in e prepared statement.

“Further，these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types,”Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP，the annual meeting of the Associated Professiona Sleep Societies，in Baltimore.

In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting，University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia and a decline in college students’academic performance.

The study included 64 psychology，nursing and medical students．average age 27.4 years．who were divided into two groups-low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs, 69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep, 53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or britches at night，65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep，and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.

“In college students，the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom，”study author Dr James F Pagel said in a prepared statement. “This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmfuI effects on a student’s academic performance, including GPAs.”

31. In the first study, students who stay up late

A. had lower GPAs.

B. had higher GPAs.

C. performed equally well in their studies.

D. had little difficulty concentrating during the day．

32. Mr. Taylor believed that the finding of their study would soon

A. be criticized by psychology students.

B. be confirmed by psychological studies.

C. be included in undergraduate psychology texts.

D. become the most popular psychology text.

33. The passage indicates that chronotherapy can be used to help people to

A. forget their troubles．

B. improve their image.

C. better their social relationships.

D. readjust their biological clock.

34. In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain of

A. having trouble falling asleep.

B. waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep.

C. having difficulty concentrating during the day．

D. being kicked in the leg at night.

35. According to Dr Pagel，the academic performance of a student will be affected

A. lf he or she is not motivated.

B. if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep.

C. if he or she is a morning type.

D. if he or she is a lazy person.

III TRANSLATION:

TEXT 1:

The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.

Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "It'S incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often. Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease. The introduction of the NHS(国民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. "

Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45 ,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.

Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "It is great news that

fe-wer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. "" However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year. "The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity and alcohol consumption.

TEXT 2:

The incidence of small, clinically occult, breast lesions is increasing, and accordingly, the technology to deal with these lesions has developed commensurately. WGL methods have a long established track record, but are associated with a number of well documented drawbacks including a higher rate of re-excision surgery and relatively poor cosmesis.

Radiogudied surgery is gaining momentum as safe and reproducible with high rates of tumour localisation borne out by a number of controlled and non-controlled studies. In addition,surgeons performing breast surgery have become quite familiar and comfortable with radioguided surgery due to the use of nuclear mapping agents for SLN biopsy. It is only natural,

therefore, to consider the application of this familiar technique to the localisation of non-palpable breast lesions.

ROLL has been become the standard of care at centres such as Milan for almost 10 years, with WGL reserved only for exceptional cases. The reported data from the studies of ROLL and its modifications are compelling and include accurate localisation, a lower rate of re-excision surgery, and better patient and surgeon satisfaction with the technique.

A further advance on radioguided procedures is the RSL technique which affords further advantages in the time of surgery planning, co-ordinating the availability of radiologists and surgeons, and simplicity of localisation and imaging techniques. RSL is particularly promising and may have enormous implications on the availability of operating lists for the increasingly large number of women needing surgery for nonpalpable lesions. It has continued to gain favour and over the past decade RSL has been adopted by dozens of institutions within the U.S.