高中英语语法被动语态

高中英语语法被动语态
高中英语语法被动语态

高中英语语法-被动语态

一.定义

语态(voice)表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当主语是动作的动词

用(Active V oice);如果主语是动作的,动词便用(Passive V oice)。被动语态由be+及物动词的过去分词构成。

二.考点:考查时态和语态的掌握、与主谓一致连考

题型:①②

例1.The problem solved and the foreigner got into the taxi.(短文改错)

2.Now college graduates (encourage)to start their own business which sounds really good for them.(语法填空)

3.Truly elegant chopstics might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(语法填空)

三.做题步骤

①判断语态②判断时态③套用具体时态的被动语态形式④注意主谓一致

四.各种时态的被动语态形式

1) 一般现在时:Subject+ be(am/is/are) +done (过去分词)

2)一般过去时:

3)一般将来时: Subject+ shall/will/ be going to be done (过去分词)

4)过去将来时:

5)现在进行时: Subject+ be(am/is/are) being done(过去分词)

6)过去进行时:

7)现在完成时: Subject+has /have been done

8)过去完成时:

9)带有情态动词时: Subject+情态动词+be+done (过去分词)

五.掌握基础,学以致用(用所给动词适当形式填空)

1.Visitors (request) not to take photos here.

2. The classroom must (clean) every day.

3. I (give) ten minutes to decide whether I studied abroad or not.

4. you (invited) to a party held in the sckool hall tomorrow.

5. A new cinema (build)here now.

6.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ _.(book)

7. A meeting (hold) when I was there.

8. ---- Have you moved into the new house?

---- Not yet, the rooms ___ __.(paint)

9. The letter (receive)already.

10. He said a satisfying plan (put) forward next week.

六.被动语态与系表结构的区别

并非所有的“be+过去分词”都为被动语态;有些为系表结构。be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的特点或所处的状态,其区分办法如下:

①如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。

例The street is crowed. (系表结构)

She is very excited. (系表结构)

The glass is broken.(系表结构)

The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态)

②如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。

例The cup is broken. (系表结构)

The cup was broken this morning. (被动语态)

The door is locked.(系表结构)

The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态)

③被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例The machine is being repaired.

七. 主动形式表被动意义的情况

⑴练习:判断下列句子是否正确

1.This kind of cloth is washed well.

2.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown recent years.

3.The house is belonged to my uncle.

4.My dream has been come true.

5.This kind of book is sold well.

6.The man was proved to be a thief at last.

7.This problem is difficult to be worked out .

8.The war was broken out in 1991.

9.What will be happened in one thousand years.

10.The class is begun at 7 o’clock.

⑵熟记主动形式表被动意义的情况

1.英语中有很多动词如break,cook,begin,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut, wear, 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well.

The food cooks well.

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out,belong to 等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

All my money ran out. 所有的钱都用完了。

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel, 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.

The dishes taste great.

4、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

①在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

②形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.

=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.

③动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。) 试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

④在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .

The air here is pleasant to breathe.

注意:①在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

②有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

The old man was taken good care of by us.

综合练习

一、选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built

B. Was; built

C. Does; build

D. Did ; build

( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happened

( )3.Cotton(棉花)____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown

B. are grown

C. grows

D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A.is visited

B. will be visited

C. has been visited

D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted

B. will plant

C. have been planted

D. planted

( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing

B. are being done

C. has been done

D. will be done

( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.

A. did; use

B. was; used

C. is; used

D. are; used

( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. is known

D. was known

( )10.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written

B. was; written by

C. did; written

D. was; written

( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us

B. was told to us

C. is told us

D. told us

( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump

B. jumps

C. jumped

D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A. puts

B. can be put

C. can be putted

D. can put

( )14.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after

B. must be looked after

C. must look after

D. looked after

( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________(build)in two months.

2.Where to have the meeting ______________(discuss)now.

3.Which language _______the most widely_________(speak)in the world?

4.The lost boy_____________(not find)so far.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8815336662.html,st year a large number of trees______________(cut)down.

6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

7. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.

8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?

They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.

10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.

13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.

14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.

15. How long ___ __ your uncle _____ _(be) in the city?

16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.

Answers

一、选择题

1. B

2. D

3.A

4. C

5.

6.C

7.B

8.B

9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.will be built

2. is being discussed

3. is spoken

4. hasn’t been found

5. were cut

6.are told

7. must be sent

8. are sold

9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing

三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。

1.Do, grow

2. is given to me

3.soon is

4. will be sung

5. needn’t be done

6. is used for

7. was made to do

8. is being watched

9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called

四、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。

①be done改为do②listened改为listened to ③remembered 改为was remembered

④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为By whom

高中英语语法总结大全-代词

高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。 说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如: When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语) a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.) 说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语 考点详情 高考频度:★★★★★【命题解读】 介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。 【命题预测】 高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析; 2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语; 3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。 介词的分类

考向①介词短语的功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 介词短语的功能例句 作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem. 作状语We have breakfast at seven.(表时间) They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法) Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件) 作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition. 考向②常考介词的辨析 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。 1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别 表示的概念介词(短语)区别例 时间 in on at at在一个时间点上; in在一段的时间之内; on在具体日子。 ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday, on a warm morning since from since 指从过去到现在的 一段时间,和完成时连 用; from指从时间的某一点 开始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in指在一段时间之后,也 可以指一段时间之内 =within; ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to fall. ③What shall we do after graduation?

高中英语语法教学研究

高中英语语法教学研究 河南省新乡市获嘉县第一中学孙永芳 摘要:语言学家Widdowson认为“没有语法的语言就如同没有骨头的鸡”,形象的说明了语言教学离不开语法教学,在高中英语教学中也不例外,语法教学是其重要组成部分。我国的中学英语教学在很长一段时间内用的是“语法教学”,即以语法为中心,给予了语法非常高的重视程度,但过多偏重了规则的传授,忽视了学生语法应用能力的培养,教的是“聋哑”英语。之后的“交际教学法”则侧重培养应用能力的培养,过分淡化了语法知识的系统传授,导致学生不能准确、规范的应用英语,实现英语交际功能与得体形式的有效结合。目前,高中英语教师已经都知道了语法教学的重要性,明白“教什么”,但在“如何教”即如何将语法知识生动有效的传授给学生的问题上却感到无从下手。本论文就如何转变观念,培养学生语法意识和应用能力着手,解决“如何教”的问题进行了论述。 关键字:高中英语;语法教学;方法研究 语法在语言系统中的重要性不言而喻,语音、词汇只有通过语法才能被组织成有意义的语言。英语语法也是如此,既有静态一面,即确定的规则,又有动态一面,即千变万化的应用,它是形式、意义、用法的综合,形式和意义能用规

范语言轻易讲清,但用法却很难掌握。这就要求教师在高中英语语法教学中,

既要注重语法规则的传授,也要重点培养学生在实践中正确、规范的运用语法规则的能力。 一、语法教学的“四项基本原则” 认知原则。高中阶段的学生已经有了一定的英语语法知识积累和逻辑思维能力,教师在英语语法教学中,要结合学生已有认知水平和现有认知能力,在教学方法选择等方面,重视感知、理解、逻辑思维等在学生掌握语法知识和提升语法能力方面的积极作用。 交际原则。语言的功能是交际,没有一定的语法知识,语言运用的效果会大打折扣,语法正确、规范的语言组织能力和恰当运用能力有助于取得好的交际效果。因此,教师要在语法教学中实现语言规则传授与实践运用能力提升的有机结合。 循序渐进原则。高中英语语法有原则、有规律,但比较抽象,同时一个语法项目包括有很多内容、规定和例外。因此,要学生通过一两次讲解、学习、应用就能掌握并不现实,而是要反复“讲解—认知—理解—掌握—运用”这一过程,采用循序渐进的教学方式。 系统原则。英语语法是一个完整的体系,是语言知识的系统描写。教师在语法教学中不但要传授单个语法项目,也要注重归纳总结,将这些零散的项目联系起来,

高中英语语法填空专题训练附答案

Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词,此处由other修饰用复数形式,指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思,要用比较级表示更多的人,故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式,指“幸运的是”,故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用,主语是单数,故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系,此处是过去分词作定语,故填spoken. 71. 【答案】from 【解析】考查固定短语。be different from“和…不同”,是固定短语。故填from. 72. 【答案】especially 【解析】考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的,特别的”;especially是副词“尤其,特别”。

高中英语语法教学的重要性及策略

高 考 ?学科教育? 二○ 一三年 八月 81 高中英语语法教学的重要性及策略 盐城市伍佑中学 宋 政 摘 要:本文从教师和学生的心理来分析问题,发现了现代英语教学过程中对待语法知识的一些误区,阐述了语法教学在高中英语教学中的重要性,然后根据自己的理解和经验总结出了一些关于英语语法教学的方法,这些方法更重要的是培养学生的自主学习能力。 关键词:高中英语;语法教学;有效性策略;自主学习; 一、英语语法教学的重要性 在高中英语教学的过程中,有很多老师不太在意语法的教学。在应试教育的背景下,只注重学生的听、说、读、写、译这五个方面,忽视了语法的重要性。了解语法,对于学习一门语言极其重要,它能够帮助我们更快更好的理解语言并运用语言。所以,在高中英语教学过程中,让学生熟练的掌握英语语法,十分必要。高中生学习英语已不是初次接触,所以早已没有开始学习的热情,随着英语的深度和难度的加大,当老师讲解语法知识时,会感到困惑,觉得英语学习碰到了瓶颈。尽管买了一大堆的资料,练习翻译、写作,却发现效果不明显。 英语学习是一个全面的过程,包括听、说、读、写、译和语法,语法更是其中最重要的一个方面。只有掌握了语法,才能更为深入和全面的了解英语,才能更为直观的了解作者想要表达的意思。通过老师在课堂上对英语书中知识的讲解,学生会对英语有一些了解,但这些并不足以让他们熟练的运用英语,这就需要用有效方法去学习语法,使得英语的学习更加规范和全面。教授学生英语语法知识,有助于提高学生的英语成绩,为日后学生的英语交流打下基础。因此,英语语法的教学不能忽略,老师要运用有效的、有策略的方法让学生系统的接受语法知识。 二、英语语法教学的策略 1、明确教学任务,分清重难点。 高中生所要接触的语法内容很多,比如各种从句、直接引语、间接引语和情态动词等,这些内容前后联系,复杂繁琐,需要老师从整体上系统具体的把握这些知识点,以便于教学过程中能够得心应手。同时,老师也要对自己学生的语法基础有大概的了解。再者,老师的教学过程要有重点,不能没有层次。要注意分析学生的作业和试卷,整理出学生易错的知识,并加上自己对语法的了解,然后在课堂上把整理出来的重点详细讲解,其他内容大概讲解,对于个别同学提出的问题要认真对待,确保每个学生都能理解这些语法知识。 2、把语法知识融入日常教学,并循环复习。 有些老师会仔细地把自己的教学任务分成好几部分,然后按照自己的安排决定每节课所要教的内容。我觉得这并不科学,任何一门语言都是整体的,不能够把它分成多少部分来教学,语法是贯穿整个语言之中的。在英语教学过程中,如果老师一下子把所有语法都交给学生,学生是无法接受的,他们的能力有限,如果一次性要学的东西很多,那就容易弄混、弄错,甚至什么都没记住。因此把语法只是融入日常的教学环节,是明智之举。艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线规律告诉我们,人们接受信息时是短时记忆,会遗忘,只有及时的复习才能变成长时记忆。循环复习知识点,有助于加深印象,在教学过程中,老师要有耐心,要不厌其烦的讲解同一个知识点。 3、理论联系实际,培养学生自主能力。 老师在教学过程中要注意理论与实际相联系,把语法结构用在平时的交流中,让学生在实际的语言中去感知、理解、 记忆,从而更有效地掌握语法。高尔基说过,书籍是人类进 步的阶梯。看书是人们获取知识的重要途径,但很多学生不知道该怎么看,老师可以推荐一些比较好的语法书给学生,让他们利用课余时间去看。重要的是要让他们学会自己发现问题、提出问题及解决问题,培养他们自主学习的能力,这时老师应该充当的是辅助学习的角色,《英语课程标准》中也指出要以学生为主体的思想。 4、多样教学,活跃课堂气氛。 理论上来说,学习应该是一个快乐的过程,但由于我国的特殊背景,高中的课堂一般都异常沉闷,不像国外,课上随意发言,老师和学生像朋友一样交流问题。而且由于我国高中生课程较多,英语不是唯一课程,课后用来学习英语的时间也不多,因此英语的运用能力得不到锻炼,语法知识就不会很好。在课堂上,老师可以为学生创造出一些情境,让他们自由发挥,提高交际能力,激发学生对英语的学习兴趣。老师一味的用枯燥的专业名词讲解语法势必会让学生感到无聊乏味,如果能增加教学的趣味,就能够带来意料之外的好结果。比如有些琐碎的知识点,一个个记很麻烦也不一定能够记住,这时可用顺口溜,语句简短,趣味性也不错,这就可以引起学生的兴趣,就容易记住那些本来不易记住的东西。同时,也可以推荐学生多看一些好的美剧和英语书籍,既可以放松心情也可以学习知识,一举两得。 5、结合对比归纳法。 英语语法复杂繁琐,有很多规则相似,但不易区分,尤其在运用时,学生很容易搞错。在教学过程中,老师除了要及时帮助学生改正错误,还要帮助他们发现规律,运用对比归纳法发现区别,加深印象。例如在学习名词性从句时,可以对比以下句子,分清各是什么从句: ①She dose not know when Marry will come back.②The question is when Marry will come back.③When Marry will come back is not known yet. ④They have no idea about when Marry will come back. 让学生仔细比较四个斜体的句子,尽管都是when Marry will come back 但由于位置不同,句子结构也不同,学生可以发现第一个宾语从句,第二个是表语从句,第三个是主语从句,第四个是同位语从句。然后老师将名词性从句的词序特征、四类连接词和关系代词的使用方法进行对比和归纳,让学生能全面了解名词性从句,从而达到让他们正确运用的目的。 总而言之,语法教学是一个长期而艰巨的过程。作为教师,应不断的学习,提高自身业务能力,可以针对不同的教学目标和内容,采用不同的教学方法。语法的教学过程不是一味地让学生接受知识,而是要让学生灵活运用知识。老师在教学过程中,要精心设计教学活动,并注意语法知识与其他英语知识的融合,使学生更好地理解所学知识。

高考英语语法专题复习--代词

高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点: 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格,如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等): 人称代词的用法: 注:(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时,用主格: ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格: “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个?”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化: I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I; 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即 we, you and they:You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前: Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是,you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语: These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,作定语;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语:His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里。 注:(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语: Mind your own business. 别管闲事。

高中英语语法教学反思

高中英语语法教学反思 随着高中英语课程改革的不断深入,要求教师要改变传统滞后的教学模式,以学生为本,让学生在实践中自主探究、合作学习。在高中英语教学中,语法教学历来是困扰广大师生的一大难题,语法是框架,没有它就无法建立起语言的大厦。 目前语法教学中存在以下问题: 1.新课程中对语法项目的编排顺序不像以前教材中的语法项目那样有顺序性、系统性和针对性。所以,教师在讲解语法的时候也是支离破碎的,难成系统。 2.语法是英语学习中最难、最枯燥的部分。 语法是一门语言的使用规则,我们只有利用语法才能更好地进行相互之间的沟通。在语言学习中,学习语法是基础,教师在传授语法知识的同时,一定要充分激发学生的兴趣,提高他们的语言运用能力。把枯燥的英语语法的学习变成英语学习中最有魅力的部分。 3.多数老教师有水平、有经验。但是由于考试制度的牵制,以及学校的升学压力,他们长期使用的都是传统教学法,突然面对全新的教材实在是无从下手,不知所措,只有用传统教法上新教材,违背了教材编写的初衷。最终还是导致学生课文学得囫囵吞枣,语法学得支离破碎,学生的综合语言运用能力难见长进。近几年刚走上讲台的年轻教师没有经验,难以应付新教材,不会运用交际教学模式,而自身的语法功底不扎实,在使用口语和板书造句时,时常出现语法错误,语法教学当然也就无法驾驭,造成的后果和老教师的一样。 4.教师没有领会新课程的理念,没有采用正确的教学方法,没有处理好交际法与语法教学的关系,造成中学生的语法知识缺乏,英语阅读水平下降,写作、翻译中词法、句法错误多,不妥之处更是比比皆是。 5.许多学生是接受老师用传统的语法翻译法来进行教学的。他们已经习惯了坐在教室里被动地接受教师所传授的语言点。教师采用交际教学法进行教学,便不会集中解释,操练学生所期待的语言点。许多学生并不能理解交际教学法后面隐藏的东西,语法知识难以融会贯通并且牢固掌握,语言的运用能力也就无法提高。 面对现在语法教学的现状,我有以下几点看法: 1.创设情景,呈现知识。如在讲授虚拟语气,首先教师口头造了一个句子:If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(假如我是一只鸟,我就在天空

高一英语语法填空专题练习

高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary

高中英语语法知识——代词

高中英语语法知识——代词 英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为九种: 人称代词分为主格(如:I, you, he等)和宾格(如:me, you, him) 物主代词分为形容性物主代词(如:my, his, your)和名词性物主代词(如:mine, his, yours) 指示代词常见的有四个:this这,that那, these这些, those那些 反身代词如:myself我自己,himself他自己,themselves他们自己 疑问代词用在特殊疑问句中。有:who, whom, whose, what, which。如:Who is that boy? What do you like? 不定代词如:some一些, many许多, both两个都, everything, everybody等 关系代词引导定语从句。如:This is the boy who won the race. 相互代词指each other 与one another,意为“互相” 连接代词疑问代词在引导从句时,都称为连接代词,包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whomever, whichever, whatever,一共九个。如: It is clear enough what she meant. 她是什么意思很清楚。(引导主语从句) I don’t care what they think. 他们怎么想我不管。(引导宾语从句)

第1讲人称代词 第2讲指示代词 人称代词分为主格和宾格。 考点1. 代词作同位语 如果代词和名词指代相同时,常用主格或宾格作同位语,不用物主代词。改错:Our Chinese people are friendly. 把our改为we, 因为我们本身就是中国人。 考点2. 用人称代词宾格代替主格的情况 ①口语中作表语的人称代词一般用宾格,不用主格。—Who is it? —It’s me. ②在比较句型中,as和than后的主格可以用宾格代替。I am taller than she/her.He is as tall as she/her. ③ but, except作“除了……”解并且位于主语之后时,后面可以跟主格也可跟宾格。Nobody but/except he/him knew it. ④人称代词单独出现时,常用宾格。Who runs faster, you or me? 考点3. this, that that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用, this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.

2020高中英语语法:介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

高中英语语法“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间 存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+ 关系代词”句型。例如: The man who/whom/th at you spok e to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spok e is a teacher. 一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即: 介词+which/whom。 (1)The man to whom you spok e is a teacher. (2)The city in which she lives is far away. (3)The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意:当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时,可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略,特别是在口语中。如:(1)The man(who/whom/that)you spok e to is a teacher. (2)The city(which/that)she lives in is far away. 注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后,也可以放在关系代词前面,但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如:look for,look after,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,listen to等。This is the pen(that/which)you are looking for. The patient(who/whom/that)she is looking after is her father. The words that/which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of. 二、关系副词when,where,why可用“介词+which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词(如:in,at,during等)+which; Where=表地点的介词(如:in,at,on,under等)+which; Why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which (1)当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示 时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I came here.(on the day=when=on which) (2)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表 示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。 This is the h ou se where I lived last year.(in the house=where=in which) (3)当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用 for which来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling.(for the reasons=why=for which)

研究性教学理念下的高中英语语法教学探讨

English Teachers Vol.19No.7 引言 研究性教学理念具有强烈的建构主义及人文主义色彩,它所倡导的教学方法、途径及模式是建立在“以人文本”的学习者地位塑造和新旧知识相互作用达成“意义建构”目的之上的(潘素洪2016)。研究性教学理念在具体学科中的实践成效不依赖外界教育因素的刺激,而取决于学生内在的知识欲望。一方面,个体必须亲身参与,即教师在课堂上引导学生观察、思考、体验、感悟,将积极主观行为贯穿于整个学习过程;另一方面,群体之间要积极合作、交流互动、优劣互补,即在研究性教学实践中,“学生”也是“研究者”,并且是研究学习范畴中的主体,与教师保持着平等的研究地位。从现阶段我国研究性教学模式角度分析,研究性教学主要呈现出以下三大特点: 第一,学科性。在高中教育阶段,学科范围十分广泛,涉及文科、理科、自然科学、文化艺术等诸多方面,关系到德育、智育、体育、美育等不同教育要求。不同学科所采用的研究方式是不同的,教师应辩证统一地践行研究性教学理念,如“高中英语”是一门语言学科,其研究过程中要遵循对应规律。 第二,问题性。不同学科所研究的问题存在明显区别,如“英语”的主要研究对象涉及词汇、语法、语音等,与数学、化学、生物等学科在研究逻辑上存 在严格界限。这一特征要求教师必须抓住主要研究内容与学习方向。 第三,创新性。从概念上进行简单区分,“教学”的目的是“传道、授业、解惑”,它依赖已经公认的知识体系。而“研究性教学”的目的是“探索新知”,立足学习者个体或群体的知识局限性,探索未曾接触过或熟知的领域。 一、研究性教学理念在高中英语教学中的价值 (一)有利于推动我国高中英语课堂教学深化改革 教育部在印发的《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》(以下简称《课程标准》)中明确指出,高中教育属于“基础教育”,具有社会大众教育及提升国民素质的功能,其核心任务是促使学生全面且个性的发展,为其进入普通高等教育、职业教育、社会生活等领域作好充分准备;其核心目标是发展学生的英语学科核心素养,促使其形成终身学习习惯及运用英语知识的能力。高中英语学科的常规开展方式是“课堂教学”。这一方式受有限的时间、空间、资源等的约束,难以达到理想的教学效果。基于研究性教学理念的高中英语教学强调通过创新教学方法达成《课程标准》要求的核心定位、核心任务、核心目标,促使学生达到学习收益的最大化。换句话说,推动高中英语课堂教学深化改革是研究性教 研究性教学理念下的高中英语语法教学探讨 魏梅芳 【摘要】阐释研究性教学理念的内涵及其在高中英语教学中的应用价值。提出研究性教学理念下的高中英语语法教学应遵循融合原则、真实原则、协同原则。以新人教版高中《英语》必修1Unit5Nelson Mandela—a modern hero中的语法项目“定语从句”为例,对研究性教学理念下的高中英语语法教学进行探究。 【关键词】研究性教学理念;高中英语;语法教学 139

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”,故答案在A 和B 中选择,MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音,和首字母M 是辅音没有关系,故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站,又根据underground 的发音 判断首字母发元音,故答案为an;第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground,但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班, 故要填the,综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass(黄铜).

A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配, A be similar to B ,相似于 A be the same with B,有一定混淆性,另外表达在某方面相似,搭配介词in,故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”,容易误导学生错选 A ,表示在一英寸以内,而真实意思是差一英尺,在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字,故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球,一个是红色的,其余的是黄色

相关文档
最新文档