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(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
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endorse背书;赞同 endow赋与 endure忍受,忍耐,持久 energy精力,活力 enfold围绕,笼罩,包封 enforce加强,力劝,迫使 engage从事,忙於 engender酿成,产生 engrave刻,铭记(於心) enhance增加,提高 enjoin命令,禁止 enjoy欢喜,享受 enlist服役,从军 enrage激怒,使暴怒 enrapture使狂喜 enrich使丰富,充实,装饰 enroll入学,登记,入伍 enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽 enslave奴役 ensnare诱入陷阱 ensure保证 entangle使困惑,使陷入 enthrall迷住 entice吸引,引诱 entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒 entreat恳求 entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立 entrust交托 envelop包围,围绕 environment环境 environs周围,郊外 envisage想像,设想 envision拟想(未来) envoy使者
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宁波大学期末材料力学A卷试题及答案2013
材料力学 课程考试题 A 卷 （120 分钟） 考试形式： 一页纸开卷 课程成绩构成：平时 10 分， 期中 10 分， 实验 10 分， 期末 70 分 一、选择题（每题2分，共 10分） 1. 图中所示三角形微单元体，已知两个直角截面上的切应力为0τ，则斜边截面上的正应力σ和切应力 τ分别为 D 。 A 、00, στττ==； B 、0,0σττ==； C 、00,στττ=-=； D 、0,0σττ=-=。 2. 构件中危险点的应力状态如图所示，材料为低碳钢， 许用应力为[]σ，正确的强度条件是 B 。 A 、[]σσ≤； B 、[]στσ+≤； C 、[],[][]/2σσττσ≤≤=； D [] σ≤。 3. 受扭圆轴, 当横截面上的扭矩不变而直径减小一半时,该横截面上的最大切应 力原来的最大切应力是 d 。 A 、2倍 B 、4倍 C 、6倍 D 、8倍 4. 两根材料相同、抗弯刚度相同的悬臂梁I 、II 如图示，下列结论中正确的是 c 。 A.I 梁和II 梁的最大挠度相同 B.II 梁的最大挠度是I 梁的2倍 C.II 梁的最大挠度是I 梁的4倍 D.II 梁的最大挠度是I 梁的1/2倍 P 题1-4 图 5. 现有两种压杆，一为中长杆，另一为细长杆。在计算压杆临界载荷时，如中长杆误用细长杆公式， 而细长杆误用中长杆公式，其后果是 D 。 A 、两杆都安全； B 、两杆都不安全； 45 45 题 1-1 图
σ C 、中长杆不安全，细长杆安全； D 、中长杆安全，细长杆不安全。 二、填空（每题4分，共20分） 1. 用积分法求图示梁的挠曲线方程时，需分 3 段进行积分。 位移边界条件是： ； 光滑连续条件是： 。 题 2-1 图 2.图中所示的T 形截面梁，若已知A-A 截面上、下表面沿x 方向的线应变分别为0.00040.0002εε=-=下上，，则此截面的中性轴位置y c 与截面高h 之间的关系为c y ＝ 2/3 h 。 题 2-2 图 3.材料力学中，对变形固体作了 = 、 、 三个基本假设，并且是在 、 范围内研究的。 4.两块相同的板由四个相同的铆钉铆接，若采用图示两种铆钉排列方式，则两种情况下板的最大拉应力 a max σ < b max σ；挤压应力a bs σ = b bs σ。（填写> = 或<） b 题 2-4 图 5.某合金材料的拉伸曲线如图所示。已知圆试件的直径010D mm =，标距0100l mm =，弹性模量 200E GPa =，材料的名义屈服极限0.2600MPa σ=。则当圆试件的应力到达 0.2600MPa σ=时，其对应的弹性应变e ε= 0.003 ，塑性应变p ε=