初三英语第六单元知识点汇总

初三英语第六单元知识点汇总
初三英语第六单元知识点汇总

初三英语Uuit 6 知识点

一、重点单词用法

1. prefer动词更喜欢宁愿

prefer sth. 更喜欢某事I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。

prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。

prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢…

eg:I prefer dogs to cats.

与猫相比我更喜欢狗。

prefer doing A to doing B

=prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿A某事而不愿做B事

eg:I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。

2. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒使…记起….

eg:This song reminds him of his mother.

这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。

remind sb to do提醒某人做某事

eg:Please remind me to post the letter on the why to school 请提醒我在上学的路上把信寄了

3. fisherman 渔夫复数形式fishermen

4. photography n. 摄影photograph n. 照片相片

photographer n. 摄影师

5.be interested in=have interest in=sth interest sb对。。感兴趣

6. on display 展览=on show

7.whatever=no matter what不管什么

Whenever=no matter when不管什么时候

However=no matter how不论怎样

Wherever=no matter where不论哪里

8.energy n. 活力energetic adj. 有活力的

9.to be honest 老实说如:

Eg:To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。

10.expect to do期待做某事expect sb to do期待某人做某事

11. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的be good for对。。有好处

be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处

12. stay away from 远离…如:

Eg:Stay away from me , I have a cold.

请远离我,我得了感冒

13. be in agreement 意见一致常与介词on /about连用如:

Eg:They are in agreement on that question.

他们对那个问题意见一致。

Agree with sb on /about sth 就某事同意某人的意见

14.increase by 增加了increase to增加到

The population has increased by 300,000

人口以增加了30万

The population has increased to one billion.

人口以增加到了十亿

15.mainly adv. 主要地首要地main adj. 主要的

16. along with 伴随…同…一道

I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。

I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。

17. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞

She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。

18. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服

19. music n. 音乐musician n. 音乐家musical

20. take …to …带…去…. 如:

Eg:My father often takes me to the park.

我的爸爸经常带我去公园。

Eg:Please take this box to my office.

请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。

21. clear adj. 清楚的,清澈的clearly adv. 清楚地

22. be important to sb. 对…重要

be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要

23. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地fortunately adv. 幸运地

24. look for 寻找

Eg: My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it?

我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗?

25. though == although 作连词虽然,尽管

放在句子中间/句首,不能和but 连用

Eg:Though it was very late, he went on working.

虽然很晚了,但他还在工作

Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.

史密斯先生虽然年轻,却做得很好。

26. fun n. 有趣funny adj. 有趣的

27. be sure to do 一定做某事肯定做某事如:

It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪

Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!

28.known adj. 有名的著名的know v. 知道认识

Be known as作为。。而被知晓

LiuHuan is known as a singer刘欢作为一名歌手而被知晓Be known for 因为。。而被知晓

China is known for Great wall中国以长城而闻名

30. over the years 很多年来,常与现在完成时连用如:

Over the years, they’ve planted many trees on the hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。

31. most of ……的大多数

32. keep healthy 保持健康

33. get together 聚在一起

34. discuss v. 讨论discussion n. 讨论35. for example 例如

二、语法知识——被动语态

一. 被动语态

1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法,即主动语态和被动语态,本单

元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词(should)的被动语态。

先看几个基本概念

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态

主语是动作的接受者为被动语态

只有及物动词才有被动语态。

2. 被动语态的构成

The office is cleaned every day .

The office was cleaned yesterday.

Compare active and passive:

动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语,就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结:

一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词

如:Butter is made from milk.

This house was built 100 years ago.

以前我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态

born是个过去分词(bear)

-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989.

如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者,句子后面需接by ~ ,译为“被(由)…”

如:We were woken up by a loud noise .

我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。

(2)从上面例子,我们可以看出,现在进行时被动语态的构成为主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词

再如:

My car is being repaired now.

Some new houses are being built near the park.

公园附近在建一些房子。

(3)从上面例子,我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为

主语+have / has +been +过去分词

eg: My key has been stolen.

My keys have been stolen.

含有情态动词的被动语态

情态动词+be+过去分词

A note had better be left to him.

Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes

这里我们列举了几个主要时态,那么其它时态呢?

一般将来时主语+will +be +过去分词

过去将来时主语+would / should + be +过去分词

过去进行时主语+was / were + being +过去分词

过去完成时主语+had + been +过去分词

被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。

归纳:

肯定句:主语+be + 过去分词+(by ~)

否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)

一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by ~)

3. 被动语态的用法:

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语

Such books are written for children.

这些书是为儿童写的。

I haven’t been told about it .

没有人告诉我这件事

(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。

The cup was broken by David.

(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型

It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that …

It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earth quake.

据报道,这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。

4. 主动语态变为被动语态

把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:

(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语

(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词

(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。

注意事项:

主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项

从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。注意主格与宾格的变化形式。

注意主语的人称及数的变化对be动词带来的影响。

注意be动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。

5. 被动语态的几种类型

(1)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语,间接宾语)

常见的接双宾语的动词有

通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语;和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。

如:He gave me a book.

-I was given a book by him. (以I做主语)

-A book was given to me by Tom. (以物book作主语)

He teaches us English.

-We are taught English by him. (以人当主语)

-English is taught us by him. (以物作主语)

(2)含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。

We keep food fresh in the fridge.

主谓宾宾补

-Food is kept fresh in the fridge.

I saw him go into the office building.

-He was seen to go into the office building.

英语中有“十大动词”的说法,即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to. (3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态

不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动

词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构

成短语动词的介词或副词

They take good care of my child.

-My child is taken good care of

他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。

I turned off the radio.

-The radio was turned off (by me)

附:动词短语的被动语态

take care of -be taken care of

cut down -be cut down

laugh at -be laughed at

look after-be looked after

下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加-by

be covered with …用…覆盖着

be interested in …对…感兴趣

be surprised at …对…感到惊奇

be made of (from)用…制造的

(4)由情态动词形成的被动语态

含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面加上be 动词即可,其句型如下:

肯定句:主语+情态动词(can , may , must)+be+ 过去分词…

否定句:主语+情态动词+not + be + 过去分词…

疑问句:情态动词(Can , May , Must )+主语+be+过去分词+…. 如:We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet .

-Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.

Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗?

-Can it be used ?

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