衡水中学高考英语词汇手册

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live

Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life

I. Language Study

1. get by: v. be good enough but not very good (para.1)

Examples：

1) I don’t earn a huge salary, but we get by.

2) 这对老夫妇靠这些退休金，有点难以维持生活。

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3) We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff members arrive.

2. frustration:n. the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something; the fact of being prevented from achieving what you are trying to achieve (para.1)

Examples:

1) I was practically screaming with frustration.

2) 对大多数人来说，生活充满挫折。_______________________________________

3) __________________________________ (人们经常有一种挫折感) that they are not being promoted quickly enough.

4) The frustration of his ambitions made him a bitter man.

Related phrases：

1)灰心丧气deep frustration

2)对付挫折的能力the ability to deal with frustration

3)计划受挫the frustration of one’s plan

4)遭受/忍受/避免挫折suffer/endure/avoid frustration

Word formation:

frustrate v.

frustrating / frustrated adj.

frustrate:v. if something frustrates you, it makes you feel annoyed or angry because you are unable to do what you want; (usually passive) to prevent someone’s plans, efforts, or attempts from succeeding

Examples:

1) The fact that he is working with amateurs really frustrates him.

2) The bad weather __________________________________ (使我们无法实现外出的愿望).

3) Heavy rain ___________________________________ (使我们的野餐计划无法实行).

4) The prisoner was frustrated in his attempt to escape by a watchful guard.

3. contentment: n. the state of being happy and satisfied (para.1)

Examples:

1) He found a feeling of deep contentment in reading books.

2) 人们在亲近大自然中享受安宁和满足。__________________________________________

3) He gave a sigh of contentment, and fell asleep.

Word formation:

content adj. & n.

content:adj. happy and satisfied; willing to do or accept something

n. the things that are inside a box, bag, room etc; the things that are written in a letter, book etc Examples:

1) Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content.

2) We’ll be content with a respectable result in tomorrow’s match.

3) He is perfectly content to live in a hut and paint pictures all day.

4) The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase.

5) She kept the contents of the letter a secret.

6) He cast his eye down the contents page.

4. leave over: it remains after everything else has gone, been taken away, or used(para.2)

Examples:

1) After we’ve paid the bills, _____________________________________ (我们就所剩无几了).

2) They ate some bread rolls _________________________________ (前一天晚上剩下的).

3) There were some chairs left over when everyone had sat down.

5. just about: adv.almost；be about to (para.2)

Examples:

1) She was just about his age.

2) The accident just about finished his as a footballer.

3) 几乎每个人都将受到加税的影响。________________________________________

4) 他们正要离开时，想起了敲门声。________________________________________

6. tough: adj. (para.4)

Related phrases:

1)生活艰辛have a tough life

2)艰难的一年 a tough year

3)做艰难的决定make a tough decision

4)很多难以回答的问题 a lot of tough questions

5)日子难熬have a tough time

6)如皮革一样坚韧as tough as leather

7)激烈的竞争tough competition

8)强硬的政策 a tough policy

9)结实耐用的材料tough, durable material

10)对某人严厉be tough on somebody

7. haul: v. to pull something heavy; to move somewhere with a lot of effort (para.4)

Examples:

1) The truck hauled the garbage away.

2) The farmers haul vegetables to the market every morning.

3) 救援队把药品和食物运往遭受洪灾的村庄。

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4) Patrick hauled himself painfully up the stairs.

8. overdue: adj. something that is overdue should have happened earlier; not done, paid, returned etc by the time expected (para.4)

Examples:

1) The car is overdue for a service.

2) We welcome this announcement and think _________________________ (它早就该发表了).

3) The book is three days overdue.

4) The baby was a week overdue.

Word formation:

due adj.

due: expected to happen or arrive at a particular time; must be paid or returned at a particular time; proper or suitable Examples:

1)His new book is due to be published next month.

2)The next income tax payment is due on 31 January.

3)He was banned for six months for driving without due care and attention.

Related phrases:

1)在适当的时候in due course (time)

2)恕我直言（冒昧）with (all) due respect

3)给予应有的注意take due care

4)经过充分考虑之后after due consideration

9. improvement:n. the act of improving something or the state of being improved (para.4)

Examples:

1) Your English is much better, ___________________________________ (但还有提高的空间).

2) The patient’s condition shows some improvement.

3) Much improvement has been made in the safety devices of the factory.

4) This year’s car is an improvement on last year’s model.

Related phrases:

1）明显改善，重大改进dramatic/major/significant/substantial improvement

2) 天气的稍微好转 a slight improvement in the weather

10. supplement: v. to add something in order to increase it to an acceptable level

n. something that you add to something else to improve it or make it complete; an additional part at the end of a book, or a separate part of a newspaper, magazine etc; (para.4) Examples:

1) She supplements her regular income by doing a bit of teaching in the evenings.

2) 她日常饮食中补充维生素E和A。____________________________________________

3) The night courses are a supplement to his regular course work.

4) 这些款项是他平常工资的补充。_______________________________________

5) The newspaper publishes a special travel supplement twice a year.

11.pursue: v. to continue doing an activity; to continue trying to find out about or persuade someone about a particular subject; to chase or follow someone or something, in order to catch them, attack them; to keep trying to persuade someone to have a relationship with you (para.5)

Examples:

1) Students should pursue their own interests, as well as do their school work.

2) In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from the university.

3) Janet did not dare pursue the matter further.

4) 我现在不想继续讨论那个问题。__________________________________

5) The escaped criminal ran across the field with one policeman pursuing him.

6) I was pleased, but somewhat embarrassed, when she pursue me.

Word formation:

pursuit n.

pursuit: trying to get, achieve, or find something in a determined way; chasing or following someone else

Related phrases:

1) 追求自由和幸福the pursuit of liberty and happiness

2) 沉溺于追求享乐indulge in pursuit of pleasure

3) 追逐权力in pursuit of power

4) 追踪战犯the pursuit of was criminals

5) 穷追不舍in hot pursuit

12. oversee:v. to be in charge of a group of workers and check that a piece of work is done satisfactorily (para.5) Examples:

1)I’m in charge of overseeing the equipments of the company.

2) A team leader was appointed to oversee the project.

13. blast: v. (of air, etc) blow up or move with great force; destroy by using a bomb or a gun (para.6)

Examples:

1) Icy winds and driving snow blasted through the pine trees.

2) The plane was blasted out of the sky by a terrorist bomb.

3) The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the far wall.

14. swamp:v. to suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems etc to deal with; to suddenly cover an area with a lot of water (para.7)

Examples:

1) Huge waves swamped the vessel.

2) They were swamped with work.

3) We’ve been swamped with phone calls since the advertisement appeared.

4) 我们收到许许多多求职者的来信。________________________________________

5) The frustration of his ambitions made him a bitter man.

15. get through:v. to do an amount of work; to come successfully to the end of an unpleasant experience or period of time, or to help someone do this; to be successful in a test or competition; to succeed in speaking to someone on the telephone (para.8)

Examples:

1) It is difficult to get through this amount of work in such a short time.

2) 今天早上我们看了一半的求职信。__________________________________________

3) It was their love that got me through those first difficult months.

4) 我终于通过了驾照考试。

5) I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t get through.

16. quit:v. to leave a job, school etc, especially without finishing it completely; stop doing something, especially something that is bad or annoying (para.8)

Examples:

1) 他十六岁辍学。_____________________________________

2) He quit his job after an argument with a colleague.

3) 大多数吸烟者都说他们是想戒烟的。_______________________________________

4) The frustration of his ambitions made him a bitter man.

Related phrases:

1) 使自己摆脱恐惧感quit oneself of fear

2) 使自己摆脱某项责任quit oneself of a responsibility

3) 退学quit school

4) 戒烟quit smoking

17. on balance: with all things considered (para.9)

Examples:

1) On balance, he did the right thing.

2) On balance, joint ventures appeal to me more than state-owned enterprises.

18. illustrate:v. to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples (para.9) Examples:

1) 这一图表可说明我的意思。_________________________________________

2) He illustrate his point by relating his own experience.

Related phrases:

1) 用事实说明illustrate by facts

2) 有大量插图be amply (heavily) illustrated

19. digest:v.to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use; to understand new information, especially when there is a lot of it or it is difficult to understand

n. a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from a book, report etc (para. 9) Examples:

1) Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.

2) I struggled to digest the news.

3) 吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。____________________________________________

20. generate: v. to produce or cause something; to produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy (para. 10) Examples:

1) The accident generated a lot of public interest in the nuclear power issue.

2) The program would generate a lot of new jobs.

3) 旅游业为当地社区创造了收益。________________________________________

4) Two surfaces rubbing together generate heat.

21. policy:n. a way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen by a political party, business, or other organization; a contract with an insurance company, or an official written statement giving all the details of such a contract (para. 10)

Examples:

1) The government must evolve new policies to reduce unemployment.

2) It is our established policy to treat everyone fairly.

3) He took out a fire insurance policy for his house.

4) 这份保险包括失窃和火灾吗？___________________________________

Related phrases:

1)制定政策form/frame/shape/evolve a policy

2)修改政策modify a policy

3)执行政策enforce/execute/implement a policy

4)诚实才是上策。Honesty is the best policy.

22. pick up v.to lift something up; to get up after a fall; to raise oneself after a failure; to make a room tidy; to get or win something; to let someone get into your car and take them somewhere; to learn something; to start again; to improve; to go faster; to pay for something (para. 10)

Examples:

1) The phone rang and I picked it up.

2) Carol picked herself up and brushed the dirt off her coat.

3) Pick yourself up!

4) Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing.

5) He has already picked up three major prizes this year.

6) Pick me up at the hotel.

7) Where did you pick up your excellent English?

8) We will meet again in the afternoon and we can pick up where we left off.

9) The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.

10) The train was gradually picking up speed.

11) Why should the taxpayer pick up the bill for the mistakes made by a private company?

23. aside from: except for; in addition to (para. 10)

Examples:

1) Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.

2) Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.

24. cut back:v. to reduce the amount, size, cost of something; to remove the top part of a plant in order to help it to grow; to eat or drink less in order to improve health (para. 11)

Examples:

1) We oppose any plans to cut back (on) education budget.

2) 较富裕国家必须做出更大努力减少碳排放量。_____________________________________

3) Cut back the shoots in spring to encourage bushier growth.

4) Try to cut back on foods containing wheat and dairy products

25. suspect:v. to think that something is probably true, especially something bad; to think that someone is probably guilty of a crime (para. 12)

Examples:

1) The fox suspected danger and did not touch the trap.

2) 我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。________________________________________

3) The police suspected him of participation in the robbery.

4) He is suspected as an accomplice.

26. budget:n. A plan of how to arrange income or spending

v. to plan spending within the limits of a certain amount of money(para. 12)

Examples:

1) She will design a fantastic new kitchen for you, and all within your budget.

2) 我们手头拮据。__________________________________

3) College freshmen should learn to budget their time and money carefully.

4) We’ve budgeted for a new car next year.

Related phrases:

1)国防/教育/广告预算defence/education/advertising budget

2)预算赤字budget deficit

3)预算削减budget cut

4)在预算之内on/within budget

5)低于预算under budget

6)超出预算over budget

7)精打细算的on a budget

8)手头拮据的on a tight budget

27. scale:n. the size or level of something (para. 13)

Examples:

1) We had underestimated the scale of the problem.

2) There has been housing development on a massive scale since

3) 污染会引起全球性气候模式的改变。______________________________________

28. invest:v. to buy shares, property, or goods because you hope that the value will increase and you can make a profit; to use a lot of time, effort etc or spend money in order to make something succeed (para. 14)

Examples:

1) He had invested heavily in the bond market.

2) 奥利弗投资古董家具发了财。_______________________________________

3) Everyone should invest some time in community service.