英语语言学10套试卷

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.

A、prescriptive

B、sociolinguistic

C、descriptive

D、psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A、mouth

B、lips

C、tongue

D、vocal cords

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A、bound morpheme

B、bound form

C、inflectional morpheme

D、free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause. 主从连词

A、coordinator

B、particle

C、preposition

D、subordinator

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A、is synonymous with

B、is inconsistent with

C、entails

D、presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A、semantics

B、pragmatics

C、sociolinguistics

D、psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.

A、elaboration

B、simplification精简

C、external borrowing

D、internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、Lingua franca通用语B Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus角回

B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition

11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all

b.

13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called

c synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c.

18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.

20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

( )22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.

( )23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

( )24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects

such as British English and American English but cannot be found within

the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.

( )26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated

and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ( )27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

( )28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.

( )29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

( )30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.

英语语言学试题（2）

1.The pair of words ―lend‖and ―borrow‖are ___.

A.gradable opposites

B.relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms

D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.

A.Jacob Grimm

B.Rasmus Rask

C.Franz Bopp

D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _ _.

A.unusual

B.something to be feared

C.abnormal

D.natural

4._ _produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible。

A.Broca's aphasic

B.The linguistic deprivation

C.The damage on the angular gyrus

D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say ―night‖as ―light‖.This shows:.

A.They cannot pronounce/n/

B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method

D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __ word.

A.a polysemous

B.a synonymous

C.an abnormal

D.a multiple

7.The function of the sentence ―A nice day, isn't it?‖is __.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,rmative

B.phatic

C.directive

D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English

are in __ and vocabulary.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,age

B.grammar

C.pronunciation

D.structure

9. deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.

A.Linguistic geography

B.Lexicology

C.Lexicography

D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word ―gentleman‖ can be expressed as __.

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)

11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.

12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g________.

13.Utterance is based on ________________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context. 14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.

15.Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v_ _,while all vowel sounds are v________.

三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并

16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.()

17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.

18.Linguistics is the course of language.()

19.The part of a sentence which comprise comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.()

20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.()

21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.()

22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。()

23.The word ―photographically‖ is made up of 4 morphemes.()

24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.()

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.()

英语语言学试题（3）

1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ______.

A. arbitrary

B.non-arbitrary

C. logical

D.non-productive

2.已删

3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.

A.phrase structure

B.surface structure

C.syntactic structure

D.deep structure

4.The theory of ______ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

A.Case Condition

B.Adjacent Condition

C.parameter

D.Adjacent parameters

5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______.

A.polysemy

B.hyponymy

C.antonymy

D.homonymy

6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ______.

A.quality

B.quantity

C.relation

D.manner

7.In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,e

B.accept

C.generalize

D.reconstruct

8.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage interpretation

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage identification

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage choice

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage planning

9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?______.

A.Cerebral cortex

B.Neurons

C.Eyes

D.Angular gyrus

10.Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.

A.the copula verb "be"

B.inflectional morphemes

C.function words

D.content words

Ⅱ.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language

at some point of time is called a _s_______ study of language.

12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o________ when a sound is produced.

13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b________ morphemes.

14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s________,N the head and S the complement.

15.According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest that someone should see the doctor" should fall into the category of _d________.

16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s________.

17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a________

rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.

18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s________ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.

19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h________, one on the right and one on the left.

20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t________ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.

Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. 21.()Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.

22.()A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.

23.()Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.

24.()Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.

25.()The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, "female" occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woman" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in other parts of speech.

26.()According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.

27.()New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus "peddle" was derived from "peddler" on the mistaken assumption that the "-er" was the agentive suffix.

28.()Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.

29.()The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.

30.()Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.

英语语言学试题（5）

1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a study.

A. comparative

B. diachronic

C. up-to-date

D. descriptive

2. Of the three branches of phonetics,the longest established,and until recently the most highly developed,is phonetics.

A. auditory

B. acoustic

C. articulatory

D. none of the above three

3. What the element ?-es‘indicates is third person singular,present tense, the element ?-ed‘ past tense, and ?-ing‘ progressive aspect.Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also .

A. phonemes

B. morphemes

C. allophones

D. phones

4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the theory.

A. speech act

B. TG

C. principles-and-parameters

D. minimalist programme

5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is .

A. predication analysis

B. stylistic analysis

C. componential analysis

D. proposition analysis

6. Of the three speech acts,linguists are most interested in the because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker‘s intention.

A. locutionary act

B. illocutionary act

C. perlocutionary act

D. constative act

7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar ().

A. Sir William Jones

B. John Firth

C. M. A. K.Halliday

D. F. D. Saussure

8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ().

A. discourse role-switching

B. activity role-switching

C. social role-switching

D. code-switching

9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners‘.

A. second language

B. first language

C. foreign language

D. interlanguage

10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around .

A. 7800

B. 6800

C. 5800

D. 4800

二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)

11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s________ study.

12. When pitch,stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as i________.

13. According to its position in the new word,a________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.

14. P________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.

15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called

s________ restrictions.

16. The u______ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.

17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree,and to reconstruct the

p________,the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.

18. R________ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.

19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language.This is known as language t________.

20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community.This adaptation process is called a ________.

三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，

21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ()

22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by ―copying‖ a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones similar. ()

23. Semantically,the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic,always being the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()

24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules,whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. 25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ()

26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use was left unconsidered. ()

27. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English,Middle English and Modern English. ()

28. When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ()

29. Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ()

30. In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty,an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysis was developed. ()

英语语言学试题（6）

Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of 1.Chomsky uses the term to refer to the actual realization of a language user‘s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.

A. langue

B. competence

C. parole

D. performance

2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of .

A. palatal

B. alveolar

C. bilabial

D. dental

3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by in 1957.

A. L. Bloomfield

B. F. Saussure

C. N. Chomsky

D.M. A. K. Halliday

4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to () set on UG principles to particular values.

A. Adjacent Condition

B. parameters

C. Case Condition

D. Case requirement

5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which―girl‖and―lass‖ belong

is called synonyms.

A. stylistic

B. dialectal

C. emotive

D. collocational

6. The illocutionary point of is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.

A. representatives

B. commissives

C. expressives

D. declaratives

7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from .

A. Middle English

B. Old English

C. French

D. Norman French

8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no relationship with the L-variety.

A. genetic

B. social

C. direct

D. close

9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.

A. Werniker‘s

B. visual

C. motor

D. Broca‘s

10. motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.

A. Instrumental

B. Functional

C. Integrative

D. Social

Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word 11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d _____.

12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o____ and are therefore consonants.

13. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

14. A_____ is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as ―be‖, ―have‖, ―do‖ etc.

15. R ____ is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.

16. In Austin‘s early speech act theory, c ____ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a___ __ the grammatical rules of the adult language.

18. A s ____ _ community is one group, all of whose members share the same

language or at least a single language variety.

19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n_____ signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.

20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l ______ as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.

Ⅲ.Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

21. () The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today‘s world that can only be spoken, but not written.

22. () In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.

23. () The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.

24. () The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of

a part to the whole.

25. () The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.

26. () Searle‘s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.

27. () One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowing—that is, we ―borrow‖ from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.

28. () There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature. 29. () The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.

30 () A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.

英语语言学试题（7）

1.English consonants can be classified into stops. fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of

A. manner of articulation

B. openness of mouth

C. place of articulation

D. voicing

2. The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called

A. phonetics

B. morphology

C. syntax

D. semantics

3. According to Chomsky, is the ideal user‘s internalized knowledge of his language.

A. competence

B. parole

C. performance

D. langue

4. ―Sweets‖ and ―candy‖ are used respectively in Britain in and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are synonyms.

A. collocational

B. dialectal

C. complete

D. stylistic

5. Different meanings can be associated with one linguistic form, but there is no basic meaning among them. This is known as

A. homonymy

B. hyponymy

C. polysemy

D. antonymy

6. ―How fast did he drive when he ran the red light?‖―He ran the red light‖.

A. entails

B. contradicts

C. presupposes

D. includes

7. The word ―lab‖ is formed through .

A.back formation

B. blending

C. clipping

D. derivation

8. in the brain fulfills the function of speech production.

A. Angular gyrus

B. Broca‘s area

C. The right hemisphere

D. Wernicke‘s area

9. When a child uses ―mummy‖ to refer to any woman, most probably his ―mummy‖means ().

A. + Human

B. + Human + Adult

C. + Human + Adult – Male

D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent

10. is not a suprasegmental feature.

A. Aspiration

B. Intonation

C. Stress

D. Tone

二、在下列空格中填上以给出字母开始的恰当的单词。（每空1分，共16分）

1. D_________ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.

2. S_________ study of language describes language at some point in time;

d_________ study describes language as it changes through time.

3. N_________ transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while

b_________transcription does not.

4. A sentence has a hierarchical structure and l_________ structure as well.

5. Unlike a sentence, the meaning of an u_________ is concrete and

context-dependent.

6. Chinese belongs to S_________ language family, while English belongs to I

_________ language family.

7. R_________ are situational dialects appropriate for use in particular situations;

i_________ is a personal dialect.

8. When a p_________ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes c_________.

9. I_________ is the approximate linguistic system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learner‘s transitional competence in the target language.

10. A_________ is the learner‘s process of adapting to the culture and value system of the target language community.11. Words that have descended from a common source are c_________.

三、判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”并且加以改正。（每

1. ― Beat‖ and ―bit‖ are not a minimal pair. ()

2. Compounds are words created by combining two or more than two words. ()

3. Linguistic change occurs only in sound and lexical system, but not in syntax. ()

4. In a predication, the argument is said to govern the predicate. ()

5. Modern English began with the Norman Conquest. ()

6. Bilingualism is a situation in which two different varieties of a language co-exist in a speech community. ()

7. The case of Genie suggests that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period. ()

8. Interference is the only source of errors in the second language acquisition. ()

9. When a plural form -s is added to a noun that ends with a vowel, it is pronounced as ［z］, due to assimilation. ()

10. In the sentence ―The father beat the child‖, ―the child‖ is both a structural and logical object. ()

英语语言学试题（8）

1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play ―Romeo and Juliet‖?A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.

A.the conventional nature of language

B.the creative nature of language

C.the universality of language

D.the big difference between human language and animal communication

2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _____ formula "S→NP VP".

A.hierarchical

B.linear

C.tree diagram

D.vertical

4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

A.Case Condition

B.parameter

C.Adjacent Condition

D.Adjacent Parameter

5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A.phoneme

B.word

C.phrase

D.sentence

6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,misives

B.directives

C.expressives

D.declaratives

7.The term ___linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,parative

D.historical comparative

8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.

A.title+first name

B.title+title

C.title alone

D.first name+last name+title

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".

A.vocal thought

B.subvocal thought

C.covert thought

D.overt thought

10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage acquisition is a process of habit formation

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings

C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language

D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)

11.In the course of time,the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology.

12.Clear ［1］and dark［］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution.

13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.

14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.

15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms.

16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an

u________ is concrete and context-dependent.

17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian,with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________.

18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain's neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human beings.

20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language

t________.

三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。)

()21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

()22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.

()23.A compound is the combination of only two words.

()24.―The student‖ in the sentence ―The student liked the linguistic lecture.‖,and

―The linguistic lecture‖ in the sentence ―The linguistic lecture liked the

student.‖belong to the same syntactic category.

()25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.

()26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.

()27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.

()https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,nguage reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.

()29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

()30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.

英语语言学试题（9）

1.Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.

A. a particular language

B. the English language

C. human languages in general

D. the system of a particular language

2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.

A. voiceless, bilabial, stop

B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative

C. voiced, bilabial, stop

D. voiced, labiodental, fricative

3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.

A. derivational morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free form

4.In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.

A. is equal to

B. consists of

C. has

D. generates

5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".

A. entails

B. presupposes

C. is inconsistent with

D. is synonymous with

6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of ______.

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.

A. phrases

B. sentences

C. morphemes

D. utterances

8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.

A. socially

B. linguistically

C. culturally

D. pragmatically

9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.

A. language and speech

B. visual and spatial skills

C. reading and writing

D. analytic reasoning

10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.

A. babbling

B. one-word

C. two-word

D. multiword

11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f before they can do anything else.

12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules.

13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a

f___________ morpheme.

14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".

15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called

s.

16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J. Grice.

17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t across generations.

18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.

19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "s speech," and speech as "overt thought." In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.

20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.

Ⅲ. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement

21. () An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the "best authors" for language usage.

22. () In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.

23. () We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.

24. () Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites.

25. () The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought.

26. () Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.

27. () In first language acquisition children's grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.

28. () The sentences "He crazy" and "He be sick all the time" are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English.

29. () Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.

30. () Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development

语言学试题参考答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

1、C

2、C

3、D

4、D

5、D

6、B

7、B

8、C

9、A 10、D

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete

16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage

21、F

Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.

22、F Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.

23、F The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the

meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".

24、F Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular

grammatical function.

25、F Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British

English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.

26、T 27、T

28、F They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used

in some domains, other language in other domains.

29、F The true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life" 30、T

英语语言学试题（2）

一、单项选择题(每小题2分，共20分)

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.A10.B

二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)

11.words question 12.social groups

13.sentence meaning 14.polyglot 15.voiceless voiced voiced

16.T 17.F(Sense and reference…) 18.F(scientific study of language)

19.F(finite verb…) 20.F(diachronic 21.F(no value judgement) 22.T 23.T

24.F(morpheme 25.F(one of the parts)

英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题参考答

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.D

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.D10.A

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,plementary

16.utterance 17.metathesis18.bilingualism https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b13496540.html,teralization20.transfer

21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention.

22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T

25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions "morning star" and " evening star." They refer to the same star but differ in sense.

26.T

27.F The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary.

28.T 29.T

30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the " more difficult" sounds.

39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects.

40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.

英语语言学试题（9）

1、C

2、B

3、C

4、B

5、A

6、C

7、C

8、B

9、B 10、C

11、facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate15、semantics 16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interlanguage

21、（T）

22、（F）As there is an essential difference between the consonants and the vowels, i.e. there is some kind of obstruction of air in the production of the former, but there is not in the production of the latter, it is impossible to use the same criteria in their classification.

23、（F）We cannot always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meaning of its parts.

24、（T）

25、（F）The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and its referent,

i.e. between language and the real world; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.

26、（T）

27、（F）In first language acquisition children's grammar never models exactly after the grammar of adult language, because children usually construct their personal grammars by themselves and generalize rules from the linguistic information they hear.

28、（T）29、（T）

30、（F）Instruction and correction are not key factors in child language development. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction. Instruction and correction just play a minor role.