英语语言学复习资料

英语语言学1-6章单元测试题

姓名：______班级：______学号：_____________

I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be

d escriptive.

2.Chomsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k nowledge of the rules of his language.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b17173317.html,ngue refers to the a bstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

4.D uality is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b17173317.html,nguage is a system of a rbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

6.S ociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.

7.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s yntax.

8.Human capacity for language has a g enetic basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

9.P arole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

10.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a pplied linguistics.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b17173317.html,nguage is p roductive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

12.Linguistics is generally defined as the s cientific study of language.

13.To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s ocial function of language.

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.A spiration refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.

2.A rticulatory phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.

3.The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all

b ilabial sounds.

4.Of all the speech organs, the t ongue is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other.

5.English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p lace of articulation.

6.When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s tops.

7.S uprasegmental features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.

8.The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s equential rules.

9.The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n arrow transcription. 10.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i ntonation.

11.P honetics is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.

12.If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a lveolar sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.

13.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o ral cavity and the nasal cavity.

14.T ones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.

15.Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s entence stress.

III．Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.R oot is the part of the word left when all the affixes are removed.

2.M orpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

3.B ound morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

4. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d erivational affixes.

5.A s uffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.

6.C ompound is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.

7.The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e. “snow” and “fall.” This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c ompound.

IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:

1.Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words. ( F )

2.Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules. ( T )

3.Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic. ( F )

4.The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. ( T )

5.In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other. ( T )

6.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category. ( T )

7.A sentence can’t have more than one deep structure.( T )

8.The structure that occurs after movement takes place is what we term as surface structure. ( T )

9.In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb. ( T )

10.A noun phrase contains a noun, while other elements are optional. ( T )

11.Words in a sentence are organized into groups of lexical categories, commonly known as parts of speech.( T )

12.Chomsky made a distinction between two levels of structures: surface and deep structures. ( F )

13.Transformational-generative grammar was first suggested by Noam Chomsky.( T )

V. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.S emantics can be defined as the study of meaning.

2.The conceptualist view holds that there is no d irect link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.

3.R eference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

4.Words that are close in meaning are called s ynonyms.

5.When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called

h omophones.

6.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r elational opposites.

7.What is communicated by virtue of what language refers to is the r eference meaning of a word.

8.R elational opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.

9.C omponential analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.

10.Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s electional restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

11.According to the n aming theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.

VI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:

1.Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. ( F )

2.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. ( F )

3.It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. ( T )

4.The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is. ( F )

5.Sentence meaning is abstract but context-dependent. ( T )

6.The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable. ( F )

7.Utterances always take the form of complete sentences. ( F )

8.Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. ( F )

9.Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s of the 20th Century. ( T )

Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:

1.P ragmatics is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.

2.The notion of c ontext is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

3.All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same

i llocutionary point, but they differ in their strength or force.

4.If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u tterance.

5.The meaning of a sentence is a lostract, and decontextualized.

6.C onstatives were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

7.P erformatives were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

8.A l ocutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

9.An i llocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.

10.An e xpressives is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.

11.There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of q uantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.