2018年浙江高考试卷—含答案

2018年浙江高考试卷—含答案
2018年浙江高考试卷—含答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)

数 学

本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。全卷共4页,选择题部分1至2页;非选择题部分3至4页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 考生注意:

1.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

2.答题时,请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求,在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答,在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 参考公式:

若事件A ,B 互斥,则()()()P A B P A P B +=+ 若事件A ,B 相互独立,则()()()P AB P A P B = 若事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是p ,则n 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率

()C (1)

(0,1,2,,)k k n k

n n P k p p k n -=-=

台体的体积公式121

()3

V S S h =

其中12,S S 分别表示台体的上、下底面积,h 表示

台体的高

柱体的体积公式V Sh =

其中S 表示柱体的底面积,h 表示柱体的高 锥体的体积公式1

3

V Sh =

其中S 表示锥体的底面积,h 表示锥体的高 球的表面积公式 24S R =π

球的体积公式

343

V R =

π 其中R 表示球的半径

选择题部分(共40分)

一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只

有一项是符合题目要求的。学¥科网

1.已知全集U ={1,2,3,4,5},A ={1,3},则=U A e A .?

B .{1,3}

C .{2,4,5}

D .{1,2,3,4,

5}

2.双曲线2

21 3

=x y -的焦点坐标是

A .(

0),

0) B .(?2,0),(2,0)

C .(0,

,(0

D .(0,?2),(0,2)

3.某几何体的三视图如图所示(单位:cm ),则该几何体的体积(单位:cm 3)是

A .2

B .4

C .6

D .8

4.复数

2

1i

- (i 为虚数单位)的共轭复数是 A .1+i B .1?i C .?1+i D .?1?i

5.函数y =||2x sin2x 的图象可能是

A .

B .

C .

D .

6.已知平面α,直线m ,n 满足m ?α,n ?α,则“m ∥n ”是“m ∥α”的 A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件

C .充分必要条件

D .既不充分也不必要条件

7.设0

俯视图

正视图

2

2

2

则当p 在(0,1)内增大时, A .D (ξ)减小

B .D (ξ)增大

C .

D (ξ)先减小后增大

D .D (ξ)先增大后减小

8.已知四棱锥S ?ABCD 的底面是正方形,侧棱长均相等,E 是线段AB 上的点(不含端点),设SE 与BC 所成的角为θ1,SE 与平面ABCD 所成的角为θ2,二面角S ?AB ?C 的平面角为θ3,则 A .θ1≤θ2≤θ3

B .θ3≤θ2≤θ1

C .θ1≤θ3≤θ2

D .θ2≤θ3≤θ1

9.已知a ,b ,e 是平面向量,e 是单位向量.若非零向量a 与e 的夹角为π

3

,向量b 满足

b 2?4e ·b +3=0,则|a ?b |的最小值是 A 1

B

C .2

D .210.已知1234,,,a a a a 成等比数列,且1234123ln()a a a a a a a +++=++.若11a >,则 A .1324,a a a a <<

B .1324,a a a a ><

C .1324,a a a a <>

D .1324,a a a a >>

非选择题部分(共110分)

二、填空题:本大题共7小题,多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,共36分。学科#网 11.我国古代数学著作《张邱建算经》中记载百鸡问题:“今有鸡翁一,值钱五;鸡母一,值钱三;鸡雏三,值钱一。凡百钱,买鸡百只,问鸡翁、母、雏各几何?”设鸡翁,鸡

母,鸡雏个数分别为x ,y ,z ,则100,

1

53100,3x y z x y z ++=??

?++=??

当81z =时,x =___________,y =___________.

12.若,x y 满足约束条件0,

26,2,x y x y x y -≥??

+≤??+≥?

则3z x y =+的最小值是___________,最大值是

___________.

13.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c .若a b =2,A =60°,则sin

B =___________,c =___________.

14.二项式8

1)2x

的展开式的常数项是___________. 15.已知λ∈R ,函数f (x )=24,43,x x x x x λ

λ-≥???-+

,当λ=2时,不等式f (x )<0的解集是___________.若

函数f (x )恰有2个零点,则λ的取值范围是___________.

16.从1,3,5,7,9中任取2个数字,从0,2,4,6中任取2个数字,一共可以组成___________

个没有重复数字的四位数.(用数字作答)

17.已知点P (0,1),椭圆24

x +y 2

=m (m >1)上两点A ,B 满足AP =2PB ,则当m =___________

时,点B 横坐标的绝对值最大.

三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共74分。解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。 18.(本题满分14分)已知角α的顶点与原点O 重合,始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合,它的终边过点P (34

55

-,-).

(Ⅰ)求sin (α+π)的值; (Ⅱ)若角β满足sin (α+β)=

5

13

,求cos β的值. 19.(本题满分15分)如图,已知多面体ABCA 1B 1C 1,A 1A ,B 1B ,C 1C 均垂直于平面ABC ,

∠ABC =120°,A 1A =4,C 1C =1,AB =BC =B 1B =2.

(Ⅰ)证明:AB 1⊥平面A 1B 1C 1;

(Ⅱ)求直线AC 1与平面ABB 1所成的角的正弦值.

20.(本题满分15分)已知等比数列{a n }的公比q >1,且a 3+a 4+a 5=28,a 4+2是a 3,a 5的等

差中项.数列

{b n }满足b 1=1,数列{(b n +1?b n )a n }的前n 项和为2n 2+n .

(Ⅰ)求q的值;

(Ⅱ)求数列{b n}的通项公式.

21.(本题满分15分)如图,已知点P是y轴左侧(不含y轴)一点,抛物线C:y2=4x上存在不同的两点A,B满足P A,PB的中点均在C上.

(Ⅰ)设AB中点为M,证明:PM垂直于y轴;

(Ⅱ)若P是半椭圆x2+

2

4

y

=1(x<0)上的动点,求△P AB面积的取值范围.

22.(本题满分15分)已知函数f(x

ln x.

(Ⅰ)若f(x)在x=x1,x2(x1≠x2)处导数相等,证明:f(x1)+f(x2)>8?8ln2;

(Ⅱ)若a≤3?4ln2,证明:对于任意k>0,直线y=kx+a与曲线y=f(x)有唯一公共点.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)

数学·参考答案

一、选择题:本题考查基本知识和基本运算。每小题4分,满分40分。

1.C

2.B

3.C

4.B

5.D

6.A

7.D

8.D

9.A 10.B

二、填空题:本题考查基本知识和基本运算。多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,满分36分。

11.8;11 12.?2;8

13.

7

14.7

15.(1,4);(1,3](4,)

+∞16.1260 17.5

三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共74分。

18.本题主要考查三角函数及其恒等变换等基础知识,同时考查运算求解能力。满分14分。

(Ⅰ)由角α的终边过点

34

(,)

55

P--得

4

sin

5

α=-,

所以4sin(π)sin 5

αα+=-=

. (Ⅱ)由角α的终边过点34(,)55P --得3

cos 5

α=-,

由5sin()13αβ+=得12

cos()13

αβ+=±

. 由()βαβα=+-得cos cos()cos sin()sin βαβααβα=+++, 所以56cos 65β=-

或16

cos 65

β=-

. 19.本题主要考查空间点、线、面位置关系,直线与平面所成的角等基础知识,同时考查空

间想象能力和运算求解能力。满分15分。 方法一:

(Ⅰ)由11112,4,2,,AB AA BB AA AB BB AB ===⊥⊥

得111AB AB ==,所以2221111A B AB AA +=.

故111AB A B ⊥.

由2BC =,112,1,BB CC ==11,BB BC CC BC ⊥⊥得11B C

由2,120AB BC ABC ==∠=?得AC =

由1CC AC ⊥,得1AC =222

1111AB BC AC +=,故

111AB B C ⊥. 因此1AB ⊥平面111A B C .

(Ⅱ)如图,过点1C 作111C D A B ⊥,交直线11A B 于点D ,连结AD .

由1AB ⊥平面111A B C 得平面111A B C ⊥平面1ABB ,

由111C D A B ⊥得1C D ⊥平面1ABB , 所以1C AD ∠是1AC 与平面1ABB 所成的角.

由111111BC AB AC ==

111111cos C A B C A B ∠=∠=

所以1C D =

111sin 13

C D C AD AC ∠=

=

. 因此,直线1AC 与平面1ABB

方法二:

(Ⅰ)如图,以AC 的中点O 为原点,分别以射线OB ,OC 为x ,y 轴的正半轴,建立空间直角坐标系O -xyz .

由题意知各点坐标如下:

111(0,(1,0,0),(0,(1,0,2),),A B A B C

因此111112),3),AB A B AC ==-=-uuu r uuu u r uuu u r

由1110AB A B ?=uuu r uuu u r

得111AB A B ⊥. 由1110

AB AC ?=uuu r uuu u r 得111AB AC ⊥. 所以1AB ⊥平面111A B C .

(Ⅱ)设直线1AC 与平面1ABB 所成的角为θ.

由(Ⅰ)可知11(0,0,2),AC AB BB ===uuu r uu u r uuu r

设平面1ABB 的法向量(,,)x y z =n

.

由10,0,AB BB ??=???=??uu u r uuu r

n n

即0,20,x z ?+=??=?

?

可取(,0)=n .

所以111|sin |cos ,||||AC AC AC θ?===?uuu r

uuu r uuu r

n |n n |

因此,直线1AC 与平面1ABB

20.本题主要考查等差数列、等比数列、数列求和等基础知识,同时考查运算求解能力和综

合应用能力。满分15分。

(Ⅰ)由42a +是35,a a 的等差中项得35424a a a +=+, 所以34543428a a a a ++=+=, 解得48a =.

由3520a a +=得18()20q q

+=, 因为1q >,所以2q =.

(Ⅱ)设1()n n n n c b b a +=-,数列{}n c 前n 项和为n S .

由11,1,, 2.n n

n S n c S S n -=?=?-≥?解得41n c n =-.

由(Ⅰ)可知1

2

n n a -=,

所以1

11(41)()2

n n n b b n -+-=-?, 故2

11(45)(),22

n n n b b n n ---=-?≥,

11123221()()()()

n n n n n b b b b b b b b b b ----=-+-++-+-

23111

(45)()(49)()73222n n n n --=-?+-?++?+.

设22

1113711()(45)(),2222

n n T n n -=+?+?++-?≥,

2211111137()(49)()(45)()22222

n n n T n n --=?+?++-?+-? 所以221

11111344()4()(45)()22222

n n n T n --=+?+?++?--?,

因此2

114(43)(),22

n n T n n -=-+?≥, 又11b =,所以2

115(43)()2

n n b n -=-+?.

21.本题主要考查椭圆、抛物线的几何性质,直线与抛物线的位置关系等基础知识,同时考

查运算求解能力和综合应用能力。满分15分。学科#网 (Ⅰ)设00(,)P x y ,2111(

,)4A y y ,2221(,)4

B y y . 因为PA ,PB 的中点在抛物线上,

所以1y ,2y 为方程2

02014()422

y x y y ++=?

即22

000280y y y x y -+-=的两个不同的实数根.

所以1202y y y +=. 因此,PM 垂直于y 轴.

(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)可知1202

12

002,

8,y y y y y x y +=???=-?? 所以2221200013||()384

PM y y x y x =

+-=-

,12||y y -= 因此,PAB △

的面积3

2212001||||4)2PAB

S PM y y y x =?-=-△. 因为2

200

01(0)4

y x x +=<,所以22

00004444[4,5]y x x x -=--+∈.

因此,PAB △

面积的取值范围是4

. 22.本题主要考查函数的单调性,导数的运算及其应用,同时考查逻辑思维能力和综合应

用能力。满分15分。

(Ⅰ)函数f (x

)的导函数1()f x x

'=

, 由12()()f x f x ''=

12

11x x =, 因为12x x ≠

1

2=.

因为12x x ≠,所以12256x x >.

由题意得121212()()ln ln ln()f x f x x x x x +.

设()ln g x x =,

则1

()4)4g x x

'=, 所以

所以g (x )在[256,+∞)上单调递增, 故12()(256)88ln 2g x x g >=-, 即12()()88ln 2f x f x +>-. (Ⅱ)令m =()e a k -+,n =21(

)1a k

++,则

f (m )–km –a >|a |+k –k –a ≥0, f (n )–kn –a <)a n k n -

-≤)n k <0, 所以,存在x 0∈(m ,n )使f (x 0)=kx 0+a ,

所以,对于任意的a ∈R 及k ∈(0,+∞),直线y =kx +a 与曲线y =f (x )有公共点. 由f (x )=kx +a 得k =.

设h (x ),

则h ′(x )=

22

ln 1()12x a

g x a x x -+--+=

, 其中g (x )ln x -. 由(Ⅰ)可知g (x )≥g (16),又a ≤3–4ln2, 故–g (x )–1+a ≤–g (16)–1+a =–3+4ln2+a ≤0,

所以h ′(x )≤0,即函数h (x )在(0,+∞)上单调递减,因此方程f (x )–kx –a =0至

多1个实根.

综上,当a≤3–4ln2时,对于任意k>0,直线y=kx+a与曲线y=f(x)有唯一公共点

2018年4月浙江省选考地理试卷

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2018年浙江省高考语文试卷及解析

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