高中动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式由：“to +动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。

一.不定式的用法：1.作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词后，用it 作形式主语。To see is to believe.

It is possible to live an independent and fulfilling life.(P4)

2.作宾语不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词，begin, continue, hope, decide, want, wish, try, learn, afford, agree, manage, refuse等等。He wanted to go.

I find it interesting to study English.

I have learned to adapt to my disability.

3.作宾语补足语(ask, tell, order, cause, allow, want, like , advise, force, permit, get等) He asked me to do the work with him.

注意：在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。I often hear him sing the song.

He is often heard to sing the song.

She asked me to go out.

4.作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Let us give him something to eat.

He is looking for a room to live in.

The family village website gives ordinary young people with a disability the chance to tell their personal stories.

5.作状语表目的，原因，结果或条件。①目的状语可用：in order to, so as to

I came here to see you.

Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.

Next year he will be trained to be a teacher.

②结果状语可用：enough to, so…as to, too…to, only to…

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

Some days I was too tired to get out of bed.

③原因状语可用：sb.+ adj.+to do

I am glad to help you.

She was proud to have recently represented her country.

④条件状语To look at him, you would like him.

6.作表语My job is to help patients.

His ambition is to become an actor.

7.作独立成分To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.

常见的词还有：to be frank(坦白地说)，to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with(首先)。8.不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how ,what, 等连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，宾语和表语等He didn’t know what to say.

How to solve the problem is very important.

So they don’t know how to make me well.

二.不带to的不定式1）在使役动词feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe后不定式作宾补时省略to。2）在would rather…than, rather than等结构的than之后用不带to的不定式。I would rather go than stay.

He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

3）在以why引导的疑问句中不带to。Why not do it right now?

4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。She could do nothing but cry.

I have no choice but to accept the fact.

5）不定式作表语时，在下列情况下可省略to：①当含do的定语从句或含do的不定式修饰all, all that thing, the only(first, last) thing,且它们是该主句（该句）的主语时，作表语的不定式的to可省去。All we do is (to) work.

All that thing I want to do now is (to) drink some water.

The only thing to do is (to) run away.

The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.

②当主语时含do的主语从句时，作表语的不定式的to 可省。What I want to do is (to) take a holiday.

What you do now is (to) bring me a cup of tea.

三．动词不定式的时态和语态

动词不定式有一般式to do、进行式to be doing和完成式having done，当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时，动词不定式要用被动语态。如：

It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。

动词不定式专项练习题

1.Tell him _______ the window.

A. to shut not

B. not to shut

C. to not shut

D. not shut

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

3. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going

B. risking to go

C. for risk to go

D. risk going

4. I saw him _______ out of the room.

A. go

B. had gone

C. has gone

D. goes

5. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.

A. spoke

B. speaks

C. speak

6. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.

A. cry；to cry

B. crying；crying

C. cry；cry

D. to cry；cry

7. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.

A. where to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

8. “ Have you decided when ________?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”

A. to leave

B. to be leaving

C. will you leave

D. are you leaving

9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.

A. not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. having not seen

10. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

11. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of

the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.

A. so not as to

B. so as not to

C. so as to not

D. not so as to

13. I prefer ____ rather than ______.

A. read；watch

B. to read；watch

C. reading；to watch

D. to read；to watch

14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be sit

D. be sat on

15. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.

A. eat

B. to eat

C. eating

D. for eating

16. She did nothing _______ at the photo.

A. except look

B. but to look

C. except to look

D. but looking

17. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.

A. being discussed

B. discussed

C. to be discussed

D. to discuss

18. This problem is said _____ three times.

A. to have been talked

B. to have discussed

C. having been discussed

D. to have been talked about

高考体验

1.（2011福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.

A.held

B. holding

C.be held

D.to hold

2.（2011四川卷）Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.

A. keep

B. kept

C. keeping

D. to keep

3.（2011天津卷）Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

A.to carry

B. carrying

C. to be carried

D. being carried

4.（2011重庆卷）More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety.

A.to raise

B.raising

C.to have raised

D. having raised

5.（2011北京卷）It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.

A. to be updated

B. to have been updated

C. to update

D. to have updated

6.【2012辽宁】This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate

7.【2012江西】Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking

B. having spoken

C. to speak

D. to have spoken

8.【2012湖南】We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

.9.【2012山东】George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

10.【2012陕西】If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.

A. meets

B. meeting

C. meet

D. to meet