(英语)英语阅读理解(时文广告)专项习题及答案解析

（英语）英语阅读理解(时文广告)专项习题及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类

1．阅读理解

Jane Austen is loved mainly as a charming guide to fashionable life in the Regency period (英国摄政时期). She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches (四轮四座大马车). But her own vision of her task was completely different. She was an ambitious and strict moralist. She was highly conscious of human failings and she had a deep desire to make people nicer: less selfish, more reasonable and more sensitive to the needs of others.

In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bonnet start off heartily disliking each other and then, gradually realize they are in love. They make one of the great romantic couples. He is handsome, rich and well connected; she is pretty, smart and lively. But why actually are they right for one another?

Jane Austen is very clear. It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other. When Mr. Darcy arrives in the neighborhood, he feels "superior" to everyone else, because he has more money and higher status. At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance (自大) and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.

Mostly, we tend to think of love as liking someone for who they already are, and of total acceptance. But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.（1）What do we know about Jane Austen from paragraph 1?

A. She lived a fashionable life.

B. She wrote about the life of the rich.

C. She knew exactly human virtues.

D. She was nicer to less selfish people.

（2）What can we learn about Mr. Darcy from the text?

A. He dislikes Elizabeth from the beginning to the end.

B. He is handsome, rich and rather modest.

C. He is kind to everyone in the neighborhood.

D. He needs Elizabeth to point out his shortcomings.

（3）Which person is right for you according to Jane Austen?

A. A person that you like for who he or she is.

B. A person with whom you feel really relaxed.

C. A person making you become a better man or woman.

D. A person who does something similar to you.

（4）What message does the book Pride and Prejudice convey?

A. Improve yourself with your lover's help.

B. Accept the people you love totally.

C. Earn much money to make people love you.

D. Find your true love with pride and prejudice.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving bar ouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。可知她写了关于富人的生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。这听起来很无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”It's for a reason we tend not t o think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

If you have never been on a cruise (乘船游览), it can seem like its own world—with its own rules and secret language. So here we are going to lay out the very basics of going on a cruise.

Do I need a passport to go on a cruise?

You may need a passport, but you should take one anyway. Besides the fact that you are going to need an ID card to board the ship in the first place, a lot of ports require one.

How much luggage can I take on board?

For the most part, cruise ships aren't like planes—there isn't a strictly regulated amount of luggage you can take with you, and you are not going to be charged for bringing too much. Keep in mind that cabin storage space can be tight. Everything, including your empty luggage, is going

to have to fit inside and you don't want to be tripping over it for your whole vacation.

Things like guns and knives are banned, but regulations vary from ship to ship about things like irons (generally a no) and hair dryers (generally a yes). Some ships allow you to bring a bottle of wine, but nearly all ban bringing your own hard alcohol.

What's the process for boarding a cruise ship?

Boarding a cruise ship is like boarding a plane—there are regulations or when to arrive, how to check-in, and what security you have to go through. Most cruise lines have transportation available from the airport; otherwise they normally own a paid parking lot where you can leave your car.

（1）What will you have to show when you board a ship in the first place?

A. A credit card.

B. A post card.

C. An ID card.

D. Luggage.

（2）What can you take when you are on a cruise?

A. As much alcohol as you can.

B. More luggage than on a plane.

C. Less luggage than on a plane.

D. As many guns and knives as you can.

（3）Where does the text probably come from?

A. A storybook.

B. A guidebook.

C. A book review.

D. A science report.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了乘船游览时的四点注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Do I need a passport to go on a cruise?部分中的“Besides the fact that you are going to need an ID card to board the ship in the first place, a lot of ports require one.”可知当你登上一艘船的时候，你首先要展示身份证。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据How much luggage can I take on board?部分中的“For the most part, cruise ships aren't like planes—there isn't a strictly regulated amount of luggage you can take with you, and you are not going to be charged for bringing too much.”可知在很大程度上，游轮不像飞机——你携带的行李数量没有严格的规定，而且你也不会因为带太多行李而被收取费用。即当你在游轮上的时候，你可以带比飞机上更多的行李。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“If you have never been on a cruise （乘船游览）, it can seem like its own world—with its own rules and secret language.”以及文章主要内容为乘船游览的注意事项可推测，文章最有可能来自一本旅行指南。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

South Africa is the water-lovers' paradise. Whether you want to be by the sea, on the sea or even under it, there are countless ways to get your ocean experience. Almost all of them are located on South Africa's east coast, where the Indian Ocean keeps water warm.

Thompson's Bay, Ballito

Drive 40 minutes north of Durban to reach the unique coastal town of Ballito. Popular with holidaymakers, Ballito has a choice of pretty beaches---- and the best for swimming is

Thompson's Bay. This scenic cove (小海湾)is sheltered from the wind and characterized by its calm waters, interesting rocky outcrops and a fascinating geological hole-in-the-wall. There's a walled tidal pool for those who are nervous to swim in the open ocean, making this spot a particularly good choice for families.

Umhlanga Rocks, Durban

Located a 20-minute drive from central Durban, the resort town of Umhlanga is an upmarket getaway for vacationing South Africans and visitors in the know. The main Umhlanga Rocks beach boasts safe swimming waters and endless golden sands, again protected by lifeguards and shark nets. A paved walkway provides direct access to the town's beachfront shops, restaurants and bars.

Gonubie Beach, East London

The coastal town of Gonubie is seen by many as a suburb of East London, one of the largest cities of the Eastern Cape. Its picture-perfect beach offers great swimming areas in the open sea. The Gonubie River reaches the sea at this point, too, and offers an alternative bathingspot on days when the surf is bigger than usual. All along the river's green banks, you'll find a series of shaded spots perfect for summer picnics and barbecues.

（1）If you are planning a family trip to South Africa, which beach suits you best?

A.Thompson's Bay, Ballito.

B.Umhlanga Rocks, Durban.

C.Gonubie Beach. East London

D.Kelly's Beach, Port Alfred.

（2）What's special about Umhlanga Rocks in Durban?

A.It is free for children.

B.Its target crowd is the rich.

C.It has a walled tidal pool.

D.It has pale brown sand.

（3）When meeting violent waves on Gonubie Beach, you can .

A.go swimming in the open sea

B.go bathing at an alternative spot

C.go surfing in the open sea

D.go camping by the riverside.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了南非三个著名的海滨旅游景点的信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"There's a walled tidal pool for those who are nervous to swim in the open ocean, making this spot a particularly good choice for families."可知"Thompson's Bay, Ballito"是家庭旅行很好的选择。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Located a 20-minute drive from central Durban, the

resort town of Umhlanga is an upmarket getaway for vacationing South Africans and visitors in the know."中的"an upmarket getaway"意为"高档的度假胜地"，由此可知"Umhlanga Rocks, Durban"适合富人度假。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"The Gonubie River reaches the sea at this point, too, and offers an alternative bathing spot on days when the surf is bigger than usual."可知在Gonubie Beach如果风浪太大，景点会给游客提供备用的浴场。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

British Museum Visitor Regulations

Opening hours

We open the Museum's galleries daily from 10：00 am until 17：30 pm. We keep selected galleries open until 20：30 pm on Fridays.

The Museum's Great Court is open from 9:00 am until 18:00 pm; except on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.

You may be asked by your staff to begin leaving up to ten minutes before closing time.

The Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January.

Admission

We warmly welcome you on your visit to the Museum. In the interests of the security of all of our visitors we require you follow these regulations.

Admission to the Museum is free, but we may charge for entry to some temporary exhibitions and events.

Food and drink

You aren't allowed to consume food and drink inside the Museum, except in places such as the restaurant and cafes or the forecourt. Families with children may use the Ford Centre for young visitors in the basement of the Museum's Great Court at weekends and during school holidays.

Animals

If you have a disability, you may be accompanied in the Museum by your guide, assistant or companion animal. You aren't allowed to bring animals into the Museum under any other circumstance.

Film, photography and audio recording

Except the place that are indicated by notices, you're permitted to use hand-held cameras (including mobile phones) with flash bulbs or flash units, and audio and film recording equipment not requiring a stand. You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes.

（1）When can visitors visit the Museum?

A. At 18:30 pm on weekends.

B. At 14:00 am on Christmas Day.

C. At 19:00 pm on Fridays.

D. At 11:00 am on New Year's Day.

（2）Who are the regulations mainly intended for?

A. The visitors.

B. The staff.

C. The parents.

D. The children.

（3）What can visitors do in the Museum?

A. Eat and drink as they like.

B. Take along their pet dogs.

C. Record films for sale.

D. Take photos for personal purpose.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Opening hours部分中的“The Museum's Great Court is open from 9:00 am until 18:00 pm; except on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.”及“T he Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January.”可知，大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午18点，周五开放到晚上20:30，12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:00去参观，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。纵观全文，以及标题“British Museum Visitor Regulations”可知，本文介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Film, photography and audio recording部分中的“You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes.”可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.

National Geographic Society (NGS)

National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they've been around since 1888, focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.

National Wildlife Federation (NWF)

Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.

Ecology Fund, com

Set up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.

（1）Which environmental organization has the longest history?

A. Ecology https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,.

B. World Wildlife Fund.

C. National Geographic Society.

D. National Wildlife Federation.

（2）What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?

A. Knowledge.

B. Management.

C. Money.

D. Patience.

（3）In what way does https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html, differ from the other three organizations?

A. The size of networks.

B. The way of operation.

C. The strength of influence.

D. The degree of popularity.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。

（1）考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就开始存在，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保护我们所生活的这个世界。可知，NWF 认为知识在环保中是最重要的。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据 Ecology Fund, com部分中的“The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.”可知，https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，他们只需要点击即可，而其它三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。可知，https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e15033393.html,与其它3个环保组织的运营方式不同。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.

Staying in a good position is one of the most important things to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spins straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you're asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good

idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your spine.

Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique.

Vitamins also affect the health of your spine. In particular, vitamin B and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.

（1）Which sleeping position is best for our spine according to the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（2）What is suggested in paragraph 3?

A. Strengthening muscles around the spine.

B. Repeating a certain movement more.

C. Doing a proper amount of exercise.

D. Staying still in a good position.

（3）What can we infer about vitamins?

A. Vitamin B reacts with omega-3 fatty acids.

B. Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.

C. Vitamin D can't be absorbed without sunlight.

D. Doing push-ups outside increases vitamin D intake.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Stay still, stay healthy

B. Good position, good spine

C. Healthy means, healthy spine

D. Proper exercise, proper weight

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。作者介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine.”许多人喜欢侧睡，这对他们的脊椎有好处。可知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles.”特别是如果你一天中大部分时间都在做一项工作，那么定期起来活动活动就很重要了。像俯卧撑这样的轻重量力量练习也可以帮助加强肌肉。可知第三段建议要定期做适量运动有益于脊椎。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside.“维生素D可以从一些食物中获得，但它也可以从阳光中吸收，所以在户外做一些运动也有助于维他命D的吸收。可知在室外做俯卧撑可以增加维生素D的摄入量。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.“脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。以及文章主要内容为介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

The Great Depression that followed the stock market crash of 1929 saw hundreds of thousands of Americans out of work. In the years of great fear and depression, a lot of American citizens looked desperately to the federal government for assistance. Of all the programs designed by President Roosevelt when he took office in 1932, few were more criticized - or had more lasting impact - than the Work Projects Administration, better known as the WPA.

The intention of the WPA, which functioned from 1935 to 1943, was to design and administer public works projects to help relieve unemployment. The majority of these projects involved historic or artistic attempts. The WPA's Writers Project, for example, was responsible not only for such practical works as state guidebooks but also for the collection of historically valuable oral histories. Over 2,900 of these records were collected in 24 states. They provide an irreplaceable firsthand account of people's diets, customs, celebrations, and political and religious beliefs at the time.

The artworks created through the Federal Arts Project are one of the WPA's most lasting

achievements. Out - of - work painters, both famous and unknown, created paintings that beautified schools, libraries, and government buildings, WPA photographers traveled across the country recording the hardships of life on small rural farms. When the United States entered World War Ⅱ in 1941, WPA artists were enlisted to produce posters supporting the war effort. Many WPA artworks, including hundreds of small drawings picturing scenes of everyday life, still exist today.

（1）When did the Work Projects Administration begin to work?

A. In1929.

B. In1932.

C. In1935.

D. In 1943.

（2）What can be inferred about the WPA?

A. It was made up of several components.

B. It was President Roosevelt's favorite project.

C. It played an important role during World War Ⅱ.

D. It trained artists before sending them out to work.

（3）How does the author mainly develop this text?

A. By examples.

B. By comparison.

C. Through a true story.

D. Through a persuasive argument.

（4）What's the main idea of the text?

A. President Roosevelt designed the WPA

B. The WPA helped relieve unemployment.

C. WPA artists painted pictures in schools and libraries.

D. The WPA produced many valuable and lasting works.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大萧条时期美国总统罗斯福实施新政时建立的一个政府机构- 公共事业振兴署,以助解决当时大规模的失业问题。此结构的建立取得了显著的成果,极大改善了当时的社会状况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The intention of the WPA, which functioned from 1935 to 1943,"从1935到1943年这项机构一直在起作用，可知,它是在1935开始实施的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。文中没有提到WPA是否是罗斯福最爱的政策,所以排除B项；文中只提到二战时WPA的画家被派去军队画海报,没有提到是否起重大重用,故排除C项；文中只提到事业的画家创作美化美国的的作品,没有提到给他们做培训,故排除D项。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。第二段讲述了WPA's Writers Project的相关情况,第三段讲述了 Federal Arts Project的相关情况,所以推测处文章用列举事实的方式来写的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"Many WPA artworks, including hundreds of small drawings picturing scenes of everyday life, still exist today."很多WPA时期的艺术作品,包括成千上万的展示日常生活的画作,至今保存完好，可知本文主要写WPA时期的影响深渊的作品。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇政治经济类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

History is full of tales of great ideas taking shape in sleeping minds; Paul McCartney said that he awoke with the tune of Yesterday in his head, and Robert Louis Stevenson said that the idea for The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde came to him in a dream.

Scientists believe that the mind at night puts together bits of information in creative ways. Throughout the day your brain rarely gets a chance to stop and think. It constantly responds to a stream of challenges, from writing a report for a work deadline to remembering where you left your car keys and figuring out what to buy for dinner.

"Think of your brain like a web," says Russell Foster, Professor of Neuroscience at Oxford University. "During the day the web is very tight, so you can only put information in a certain number of places. During sleep the web expands, and with the luxury of time, those bits of information can be put into lots of different places and make new associations."

He adds that this process may help to foster the formation of new ideas. "This bringing together of seemingly unrelated bits of information is vital to helping the brain think itself out of problems," says Russell Foster.

"Sleep seems to allow your mind to make non-obvious connections. It puts all the information from the day into a big biological theatre and forces the mind to speak to people at the back of the theatre, who you may not think you have any connection with. This is the basis of creativity connecting ideas, events and memories that wouldn't normally fit together.

By placing volunteers into brain scanners and sending them to sleep, scientists have seen that the areas associated with emotion go into overdrive, especially while dreaming, while the areas that are responsible for logic (逻辑)are switched off. This not only explains why dreams are unbelievably random-you can be talking to a colleague one minute and the next minute sitting in your old school classroom dressed in your nightclothes-but also explains how the brain can put together different information.

（1）In what way are the mind at night and the mind during the day different?

A. The ways to receive information.

B. The ways to provide information.

C. The ways to process information.

D. The ways to exchange information.

（2）According to Russell Foster, what may bring out creativity?

A. Information put together in normal ways.

B. Information put together in unusual ways.

C. Information stored in a biological theatre.

D. Information stored in the mind.

（3）Which can replace "go into overdrive", underlined in the last paragraph?

A. Start being active.

B. Return to normal.

C. Stop working.

D. Perform badly.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Creative Power of the Brain

B. Great Works from Sleep

C. Never Believe Your Sleeping Minds

D. Sleep Can Bring Creative Ideas

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了睡眠的重要性:睡眠可以带来一些创造性的想法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ the mind at night puts together bits of information in creative ways. Throughout the day your brain rarely gets a chance to stop and think”在晚上大脑以创新的方式把信息组合在一起,。白天,你的大脑很少有机会停下来思考，可知在白天和晚上,大脑处理信息的方式是不同的,在晚上,大脑处理信息更有创造性。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Sleep seems to allow your mind to make non-obvious connections”睡眠似乎允许你的大脑做出一些不明显的连接）,以及“This is the basis of creativity-co nnecting ideas”这是创造性连接想法的基础，可知以不同寻常的方式组合在一起的信息会带来创新。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“but also explains how the brain can put together different information.,”尤其根据与之对比的"while the areas that are responsible for logic(逻辑)are switched off",可得知与情感相联系的大脑区域在睡眠的时候开始活跃起来。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通览全文可知本文讨论了睡眠的重要性:睡眠可以带来一些创造性的想法。本文首段用事例提示该主题,然后结合实验证明围绕该主题进行阐述。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The World's Largest Libraries

British Library (United Kingdom, London)

The British Library was created by Act of Parliament in 1972; previously, the library had been part of the British Museum, where the famous circular reading room had accommodated researchers including Karl Marx, who worked on 'Das Kapital' there, as well as Oscar Wide and Mahatma Gandhi. The British Library is now housed in a new building in St. Pancras, London, where its treasures include two Gutenberg bibles, the Lindisfarne Gospels and one of Leonardo da Vmci's notebooks.

Library of Congress (United States, Washington, D. C.)

Founded in 1800 with the private collection of Thomas Jefferson, the Library of Congress is in effect the USA's National Library. It receives two copies of everything published in the United States. The Library of Congress wag burned by the British Army in 1812, and severely damaged by fire again in 1851. The collection includes many rare books, drawings and two Stradivarius violins. New York Public Library

The New York Public Library developed gradually in the nineteenth century from the merger and acquisition (收购兼并) of a number of public and private collections; it has many branches in different districts of New York City. It remains a structure which combines public and private

finance and governance. Treasures held at the library include a Gutenberg Bible.

Russian State Library (Moscow)

Founded in 1862 as the Moscow public library and museum, this collection became the State Library in 1925. In consequence it receives copies of all Russian publications, and also holds large collections of maps, journals, music scores and recordings. Its possessions include the Archangel Gospel, a codex in the Slavonic language dating from 1092.

（1）Which library met with two big losses in history?

A. British Library.

B. Library of Congress.

C. New York Public Library.

D. Russian State Library.

（2）What can we find in the Russian State Library?

A. Lindisfame Gospels.

B. Stradivarius violins.

C. A Gutenberg Bible.

D. The Archangel Gospel.

（3）What do we know from the text?

A. Karl Marx and Oscar Wide worked as librarians in the British Library.

B. The Library of Congress receives two copies of all publications in Russia.

C. The New York Public Library is supported by state and personal donation.

D. The Russian State Library possesses a Gutenberg Bible in Slavonic.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界上四个最大的图书馆。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Library of Congress (United States, Washington, D. C. )部分中的“The Library of Congress wag burned by the British Army in 1812, and severely damaged by fire again in 1851.”可知，Library of Congress在历史上遭受了两次重大损失。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Russian State Library (Moscow)部分中的“Its possessions include the Archangel Gospel, a codex in the Slavonic l anguage dating from 1092.”可知，我们在the Russian State Library能找到The Archangel Gospel。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据New York Public Library部分中的“It remains a structure which combines public and private finance and governance.”可知，New York Public Library得到国家和个人捐赠的支持。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

In a win for literary fiction amid declining sales, Sally Rooney's novel Normal People has been named Waterstones book of the year in 2018.

Rooney's second novel, which follows two young people falling in love in Ireland, has sold 41, 000 copies in hardback in the UK since it was released in August-five times the hardback sales of her 2017 debut, Conversations With Friends. At 27, Rooney is now the youngest winner of the award, which is given by the UK's biggest bookshop chain, Waterstones.

Normal People received almost universal applause upon its release. Longlisted for the Man Booker prize, the book won novel of the year at the An Post Irish book awards in November of 2018 and has also been shortlisted for the Costa novel of the year, announced in January of 2019. The reader response to Normal People had been astonishing. As well as the universal praise, it has been a huge word- of-mouth (口头的) hit. There're customers returning to buy multiple copies as gifts. Normal People strengthened Sally Rooney's reputation as the voice of her generation and one of the most exciting novelists around today. Its success is a testament to the health of literary fiction and indicates that there is still significant appetite for excellent storytelling.

The award, established in 2012, tends to go to books that are already bestsellers near Christmas. It has previously been won by the late American author John Williams's Stoner, the cookbook Polpo by Russell Norman, and last year's choice, Philip Pullman's La Belle Sauvage. James Daunt, Waterstones' managing director, said Rooney's win was a sign of the healthy state of literary fiction, which has seen sales decrease over the last decade. "We are delighted to name it our book of the year," he said.

（1）What do we know about the current situation of literary fiction?

A. It sells well in Waterstones.

B. It doesn't enjoy popularity.

C. It mainly tells love stories.

D. It is a big winner in 2018.

（2）What can we infer about Normal People?

A. It was Britain's most popular book in 2018.

B. It won different awards in a lot of countries.

C. It received praise soon after it was published.

D. It made its author the voice of young people.

（3）The underlined word "testament" is closest in meaning to "________".

A. examination

B. evidence

C. concern

D. statement

（4）What is the main function of Paragraph 5?

A. To attract readers' attention.

B. To introduce other prize winners

C. To serve as background information.

D. To compare Sally's novel with other books.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了文学小说在销量下滑之际的一次胜利，

Sally Rooney的小说《普通人》荣获2018年Waterstones图书奖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“In a win for literary fiction amid declining sales, Sally Rooney's novel Normal People has been named Waterstones book of the year in 2018.”这是文学小说在销量下滑之际的一次胜利，Sally Rooney的小说《普通人》荣获2018年Waterstones 图书奖。由此推断出，文学小说的现状是它不受欢迎，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Normal People received almost universal applause upon its release.”这部电影上映后，普通人获得了几乎全世界的掌声。由此可知，《普通人》这本书出版后不久就受到了好评，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Normal People strengthened Sally Rooney's re putation as the voice of her generation and one of the most exciting novelists around today.”《普通人》巩固了Sally Rooney作为她那一代人的代言人和当今最令人兴奋的小说家之一的声誉。由此推断出，下文“Its success is a testament to the health of literary fiction and indicates that there is still significan t appetite for excellent storytelling.”它的成功证明了文学小说的健康发展，并表明人们仍然对优秀的故事情节有着巨大的兴趣。"testament"意思是证明，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“The award, established in 2012, tends to go to books that are already bestsellers near Christmas.”该奖项成立于2012年，通常颁发给圣诞节前已经很畅销的书籍。由此推断出，第五段的主要功能是作为背景资料，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。